scholarly journals Studies on the cell wall of dinoflagellate resting cysts : morphological development, ultrastructure, and chemical composition

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. Kokinos
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Morphological Development ◽  
Resting Cysts

Chemical Composition, Morphological Characteristics, and Cell Wall Structure of Malaysian Oil Palm Fibers

2008 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. P. S. Abdul Khalil ◽  
M. Siti Alwani ◽  
R. Ridzuan ◽  
H. Kamarudin ◽  
A. Khairul
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Cell Wall Structure ◽  
Wall Structure

Near Infrared Spectroscopy Estimation of Feeding Value of Forage Perennial Grasses in Breeding Programmes by Global and Specific Calibrations. Estimation of Chemical Composition and Digestibility

1998 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Naydenova ◽  
P. Tomov ◽  
P. Dardenne
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Predictive Models ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Standard Errors ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Better Than

Near infrared (NIR) spectral analysis with a NIRSystems 6500 monochromator was applied to evaluate accuracy of predictive models for forage quality in clone breeding processes of the original Bulgarian varieties over different cuts and years. The varieties were the perennial grasses: Dactylis glomerata L., Festuca arundinacea Schreb. and Bromus inermis Leyss. Global calibrations for the 418 perennial grass samples and specific calibrations for each single grass species and internal cross-validations were performed by the PLS regression method. The effect of different spectral data pre-treatments was investigated on the residual standard errors of the NIR predictive models. Among 60 calibration equations, the model with the lowest SECV value was retained for each parameter in each database. No particular data pre-treatment was really better than the other ones. Generally, the best results of the global calibrations were obtained with SNVD and MSC. For the specific calibrations, SNVD and WMSC were the best treatments. In both cases, the first or second derivatives were needed after the first pre-treatment. Chemical composition and in vitro enzymatic digestibility of clones were predicted with accuracy similar to that of classical laboratory methods. For the cell wall component contents, the standard errors of cross-validation SECV(%DM) ranged from 0.49 for ADL ( Festuca) to 2.02 for NDF ( Dactylis). The digestibilities of dry and organic matter, IVDMD and IVOMD, were estimated with SECVs from 2.6 to 3.0%, the relative intake, from 0.06 to 0.09 rel% body weight and the relative feeding value, from 4.39 to 5.64 rel%. The global calibration models offer an acceptable accuracy for the estimation of the cell wall nutrient contents, the digestibility and the nutritive value. The standard errors of prediction of specific single species calibrations with smaller numbers of terms were lower in 60% of the cases than those obtained from the best global calibrations with higher numbers of terms. On average, SECVs from specific calibrations are better than those from global calibrations, but the differences are quite small, and for the prediction of totally new samples (new crops, another year), the global calibrations will detect less outlier samples. Even with very high variability between cuts and years, NIR spectroscopy is able via ANOVA GL Models to sort clones on their feeding value and to provide relevant information for the breeding programmes.

scholarly journals A Label-free, Fast and High-specificity Technique for Plant Cell Wall Imaging and Composition Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huimin Xu ◽  
Yuanyuan Zhao ◽  
Yuanzhen Suo ◽  
Yayu Guo ◽  
Yi Man ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Raman Scattering ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Plant Cell Walls ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Wall Imaging

Abstract Background: Cell wall imaging can considerably permit direct visualization of the molecular architecture of cell walls and provide the detailed chemical information on wall polymers, which is imperative to better exploit and use the biomass polymers; however, detailed imaging and quantifying of the native composition and architecture in the cell wall remains challenging.Results: Here, we describe a label-free imaging technology, coherent Raman scattering microscopy (CRS), including coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy and stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy, which images the major structures and chemical composition of plant cell walls. The major steps of the procedure are demonstrated, including sample preparation, setting the mapping parameters, analysis of spectral data, and image generation. Applying this rapid approach, which will help researchers understand the highly heterogeneous structures and organization of plant cell walls.Conclusions: This method can potentially be incorporated into label-free microanalyses of plant cell wall chemical composition based on the in situ vibrations of molecules.

scholarly journals Chemical composition, anatomy, lignin distribution, and cell wall structure of Malaysian plant waste fibers

BioResources ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. P. S. Abdul Khalil ◽  
M. Siti Alwani ◽  
A. K. Mohd Omar
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Cell Wall Structure ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Anatomical Characteristics ◽  
Lignin Distribution ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Palm Frond

The chemical composition, anatomical characteristics, lignin distribution, and cell wall structure of oil palm frond (OPF), coconut (COIR), pine-apple leaf (PALF), and banana stem (BS) fibers were analyzed. The chemical composition of fiber was analyzed according to TAPPI Methods. Light microscopy (LM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to observe and determine the cell wall structure and lignin distribution of various agro-waste fibers. The results revealed differences in anatomical characteristics, lignin distributions, and cell wall structure of the different types of fibers investigated. Nevertheless, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) micrographs have confirmed that the well wall structure, in each case, could be described in terms of a classical cell wall structure, consisting of primary (P) and secondary (S 1 , S 2 , and S 3 ) layers.

scholarly journals Effect of Enzymatic, Ultrasound, and Reflux Extraction Pretreatments on the Yield and Chemical Composition of Essential Oils

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (20) ◽  
pp. 4818
Author(s):  
Anđela Miljanović ◽  
Ana Bielen ◽  
Dorotea Grbin ◽  
Zvonimir Marijanović ◽  
Martina Andlar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Mediterranean Plants ◽  
Essential Oil Yield

The effect of different hydrodistillation pretreatments, namely, reflux extraction, reflux extraction with the addition of cell wall-degrading enzymes, and ultrasound, on the yield and chemical composition of essential oils of sage, bay laurel, and rosemary was examined. All pretreatments improved essential oil yield compared to no-pretreatment control (40–64% yield increase), while the oil quality remained mostly unchanged (as shown by statistical analysis of GC-MS results). However, enzyme-assisted reflux extraction pretreatment did not significantly outperform reflux extraction (no-enzyme control), suggesting that the observed yield increase was mostly a consequence of reflux extraction and enzymatic activity had only a minute effect. Thus, we show that ultrasound and reflux extraction pretreatments are beneficial in the production of essential oils of selected Mediterranean plants, but the application of enzymes has to be carefully re-evaluated.

Cell wall architecture as well as chemical composition determines fermentation of wheat cell walls by a faecal inoculum

2020 ◽  
Vol 107 ◽  
pp. 105858
Author(s):  
Shiyi Lu ◽  
Bernadine M. Flanagan ◽  
Barbara A. Williams ◽  
Deirdre Mikkelsen ◽  
Michael J. Gidley
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Cell Wall Architecture
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