scholarly journals Insulin, Glucagon and Feed Intake Regulation: Ruminant and Rat Models

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikkhah A
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Rat Models ◽  
Intake Regulation

Interaction of the dopaminergic and Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ on central feed intake regulation in chicken

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Zendehdel ◽  
A. Ebrahimi-Yeganeh ◽  
S. Hassanpour ◽  
M. K. Koohi
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Orphanin Fq ◽  
Intake Regulation

Nutritional status and intake regulation in sheep. V. Effects of intraruminal infusions of volatile fatty acids upon voluntary intake of roughage by sheep

1966 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 741 ◽  
Author(s):  
AR Egan
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Intake Regulation

Results of experiments with infusions of volatile fatty acids into the rumen reveal that the induced changes in voluntary intake of roughages are not immediate, and vary in extent between animals. Single infusions resulted in subsequent depressions of feed intake, these being only partly related to the amount of energy of the infused volatile fatty acids. When longer-term infusions were made, acetic acid in small quantities depressed feed intake more than did propionic, and propionic acid modified the effect of acetic when the two were given together. Also recorded is an observation that animals receiving a casein-supplemented roughage diet reduced their feed intake when casein was infused per duodenum over 14-day periods. Results are discussed in relation to an hypothesis of an indirect mechanism attempting to maintain or restore the original energy balance, but showing considerable delay or inertia and imprecision when observed on a day to day basis.

scholarly journals Feeding state and age dependent changes in melanin-concentrating hormone expression in the hypothalamus of broiler chickens

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-258
Author(s):  
Ádám Simon ◽  
József Németh ◽  
András Jávor ◽  
István Komlósi ◽  
Péter Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Peptide Concentration ◽  
Melanin Concentrating Hormone ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Weak Expression ◽  
Intake Regulation

We aimed to quantify the gene expression changes of the potent orexigenic melanin concentrating hormone (MCH) in chicken (Gallus gallus) hypothalamus with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and for the first time determine peptide concentrations with a novel radioimmunoassay (RIA) under different feeding status. Three different experimental conditions, namely ad libitum fed, fasting for 24h, fasting for 24h then refed for 2h were applied to study the changes of the aforementioned target and its receptor (MCHR4) gene expression to different nutritional states. The relative changes of MCH and MCHR4 were also studied from 7 to 35 days of age. Expression of PMCH and MCHR4 along the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) was also investigated. We found that both targets expression are restricted to the hypothalamus, only weak expression was detected along the GIT. Different nutritional states did not affect the PMCH and MCHR4 mRNA levels. However, fasting for 24h significantly increased MCH-like immunoreactivity with 25.65%. Fasting for 24h then refed for 2h further significantly increased MCH peptide concentration by 32.51% compared to ad libitum state. Decreasing trend with age was observable both for PMCH and MCHR4 mRNA levels and also for MCH-like immunoreactivity. Correlation analysis did not result significant correlation between MCH peptide concentration and abdominal fat mass in ad libitum fed birds. In conclusion, MCH peptide concentration altered with different feeding states, which indicated that this peptide takes part in feed intake regulation (short-term signalization of feed intake) of broiler chickens in a same manner as in mammals.

scholarly journals Feed-efficient pigs exhibit molecular patterns allowing a timely circulation of hormones and nutrients

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (9) ◽  
pp. 726-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Reyer ◽  
Michael Oster ◽  
Elizabeth Magowan ◽  
Eduard Muráni ◽  
Helga Sauerwein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Gastrointestinal Hormones ◽  
Regulatory Circuits ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Molecular Patterns ◽  
Intake Regulation ◽  
Systemic Responses

Feed efficiency (FE) is a measure of the rate between feed intake and body weight gain and is subject to constant progress in pigs, based on extensive performance tests and analyses of physiological parameters. However, endocrine regulatory circuits that comprise the sensation and perception of intrinsic requirements and appropriate systemic responses have not yet been fully elucidated. It is hypothesized that the gut-brain axis, which is a network of hierarchical anterior regulatory tissues, contributes largely to variations in FE. Therefore, full-sib pigs with extreme residual feed intake values were assigned to experimental groups of high and low FE. Relevant hormones, minerals, and metabolites including fatty acid profiles were analyzed in serum to assess postprandial conditions. Transcriptome profiles were deduced from intestinal (duodenum, jejunum, ileum) and neuroendocrine tissues (hypothalamus). Serum analyses of feed-efficient animals showed an increased content of the incretin GIP, calcium, magnesium, β-hydroxybutyric acid, and fat compared with low-FE pigs. Complementary expression profiles in intestinal tissues indicate a modulated permeability and host-microbe interaction in FE-divergent pigs. Transcriptomic analyses of the hypothalamus showed that differences between the FE groups in appetite and satiety regulation are less pronounced. However, hypothalamic abundance of transcripts like ADCY7, LHCGR, and SLC2A7 and molecular signatures in local and systemic tissue sites indicate that increased allocation and circulation of energy equivalents, minerals, and hormones are promoted in feed-efficient animals. Overall, patterns of gastrointestinal hormones and gene expression profiles identified host-microbiota interaction, intestinal permeability, feed intake regulation, and energy expenditure as potential mechanisms affecting FE in pigs.

scholarly journals Role of hypothalamic neuropeptides in feed intake regulation of livestock species (literary review)

2015 ◽  
pp. 63-68
Author(s):  
Ádám Simon ◽  
András Jávor ◽  
Levente Czeglédi
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Action Mechanism ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Food Intake Regulation ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Intake Regulation

Energy balance is the net result of the energy intake (nutrition) and expenditure (basic metabolic rate). The purpose of the daily feed intake is to provide energy and nutrients for maintenance, production and fill and maintain energy storages in form of glycogen and fat. Animals can adjust their feed intake to ensure their energy demand. Food intake regulation in animals and human is a very complex process, in which the digestive system, the central nervous system, the joining hormonal and non-hormonal factors, and the integrating hypothalamus take part. This review primarily focuses on the action mechanism of some important appetite regulating neuropeptides, and their impacts on the performance traits of the economically significant animal species.

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