Cross-Functional Syndrome of Gastrointestinal Diseases in Adults and Children in the Context of Their Continuity

2021 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 458-464
Author(s):  
Igor' V. Maev ◽  
Maksim M. Osadchuk ◽  
Mihail A. Osadchuk
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Functional Disorders ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Functional Gastrointestinal Diseases

This review provides an analysis of a possible relationship between functional diseases of the gastrointestinal tract in children and adults. Some functional disorders previously identified only in the childrens age group, such as abdominal migraine, were increasingly recorded in the adult population. As a rule, the diagnosis of functional gastrointestinal diseases is based primarily on clinical symptoms. However, researchers increasingly note that for some pathologies in children, such as gastroesophageal reflux disease, the main symptoms of reflux, such as heartburn and belching, are not absolutely dominant. All this makes it possible to express an opinion on the formation of a universal functional pathology of the digestive tract with the dominance at certain stages of the pathological process of one or another symptomatology that affects the central nervous system.

Primary Leptomeningeal Gliomatosis in Children and Adults: A Morphological and Molecular Comparative Study With Literature Review

Neurosurgery ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnault Tauziede-Espariat ◽  
Andre Maues de Paula ◽  
Melanie Pages ◽  
Annie Laquerriere ◽  
Emilie Caietta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Overall Survival ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Malignant Gliomas ◽  
Leptomeningeal Gliomatosis ◽  
Molecular Features ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Mean

Abstract BACKGROUND: Primary leptomeningeal gliomatosis (PLG) is a poorly recognized tumor of the central nervous system. OBJECTIVE: To describe the histopathological, immunohistochemical, and molecular features of PLG. METHODS: Results of our multicentric retrospective study of 6 PLG cases (3 pediatric and 3 adult) were compared with literature data. RESULTS: The mean age was 54.7 years for adults and 8.7 years for children, with 3 males and 3 females. Clinical symptoms were nonspecific. Cerebrospinal fluid analyses showed a high protein level often associated with pleocytosis but without neoplastic cells. On neuroimaging, diffuse leptomeningeal enhancement and hydrocephalus were observed, except in 1 case. PLG was mostly misinterpreted as infectious or tumoral meningitis. The first biopsy was negative in 50% of cases. Histopathologically, PLG cases corresponded to 1 oligodendroglioma without 1p19q codeletion and 5 astrocytomas without expression of p53. No immunostaining for IDH1R132H and no mutations of IDH1/2 and H3F3A genes were found. Overall survival was highly variable (2-82 months) but seems to be increased in children treated with chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: This study shows the difficulties of PLG diagnosis. The challenge is to achieve an early biopsy to establish a diagnosis and to begin a treatment, but the prognosis remains poor. PLG seems to have a different molecular and immunohistochemical pattern compared with intraparenchymal malignant gliomas.

scholarly journals A csf1rb mutation uncouples two waves of microglia development in zebrafish

Development ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. dev.194241
Author(s):  
Giuliano Ferrero ◽  
Magali Miserocchi ◽  
Elodie Di Ruggiero ◽  
Valérie Wittamer
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Mapping Strategy ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Evolutionary Aspects ◽  
Stimulating Factor ◽  
Specific Contribution

In vertebrates, the ontogeny of microglia, the resident macrophages of the central nervous system, initiates early during development from primitive macrophages. While murine embryonic microglia then persist through life, in zebrafish these cells are transient, as they are fully replaced by an adult population originating from larval hematopoietic stem cell (HSC)-derived progenitors. Colony-stimulating factor receptor 1 (csf1r) is a fundamental regulator of microglia ontogeny in vertebrates, including zebrafish which possess two paralogous genes: csf1ra and csf1rb. While previous work showed mutation in both genes completely abrogates microglia development, the specific contribution of each paralog remains largely unknown. Here, using a fate-mapping strategy to discriminate between the two microglial waves, we uncover non-overlapping roles for csf1ra and csf1rb in hematopoiesis, and identified csf1rb as an essential regulator of adult microglia development. Notably, we demonstrate that csf1rb positively regulates HSC-derived myelopoiesis, resulting in macrophage deficiency, including microglia, in adult mutant animals. Overall, this study contributes to new insights into evolutionary aspects of Csf1r signaling and provides an unprecedented framework for the functional dissection of embryonic versus adult microglia in vivo.

Distribution of Wfs1 protein in the central nervous system of the mouse and its relation to clinical symptoms of the Wolfram syndrome

2008 ◽  
Vol 509 (6) ◽  
pp. 642-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hendrik Luuk ◽  
Sulev Koks ◽  
Mario Plaas ◽  
Jens Hannibal ◽  
Jens F. Rehfeld ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Wolfram Syndrome ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Mucopolysaccharidosis in Adults

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian J. Hendriksz ◽  
Francois Karstens
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autosomal Recessive ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
System P ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Different Cell Types

There are 8 different types of diseases of the mucopolysaccharides, each caused by a deficiency in one of 10 different enzymes involved in the degradation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Partially degraded GAGs accumulate within the lysosomes of many different cell types and lead to clinical symptoms and excretion of large amounts of GAGs in the urine. Heritability is autosomal recessive except for MPS type II, which is X-linked. The disorders are chronic and progressive and, although the specific types all have their individual features, they share an abundance of clinical similarities. All involve the musculoskeletal, the cardiovascular, the pulmonary and the central nervous system.

scholarly journals Primary Angiitis of the Center Nervous System: A Clinical Challenge Diagnosed Postmortem

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bayan Al Share ◽  
Ali Zakaria ◽  
Evan Hiner ◽  
Ziyad Iskenderian ◽  
Nader Warra
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Systemic Vasculitis ◽  
Comfort Care ◽  
Systemic Involvement ◽  
Primary Angiitis ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Primary angiitis of the central nervous system (PACNS) is a rare vasculitis involving medium and small blood vessels of the brain, spinal cord, and meninges, without systemic involvement. The diffuse and patchy nature of its pathology is reflected by a wide spectrum of nonspecific clinical symptoms. Diagnosis is challenging due to lack of defined clinical criteria or specific imaging findings. Specific workup should be done only after exclusion of other etiologies, including infectious, neoplastic, toxic, and other vascular etiologies including systemic vasculitis. Given the fact that it is a patchy disease with 25% of the biopsies being falsely negative, treating physician should have a high index of suspicion despite negative initial neurovascular imaging and biopsy results. Once diagnosed, early treatment with immunosuppressive therapy is essential to avoid permanent neurologic damage. Herein, we are reporting a case of 66-year-old female patient who presented with insidious onset right-sided frontal headache. Her hospital course progressively worsened and family decision based on her wishes was to refer her to hospice and comfort care. Despite an extensive workup with advanced imaging techniques, no diagnosis was established until postmortem autopsy and histopathology confirmed primary angiitis of the central nervous system.

scholarly journals Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV-infected patients: clinical features and diagnosis (literature review)

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
E. A. Samotolkina ◽  
A. V. Pokrovskaya ◽  
S. V. Matosova ◽  
E. A. Domonova
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy ◽  
Cellular Immunity ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Neurological Symptoms ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Human Polyomavirus ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is one of the most severe opportunistic diseases of the central nervous system, which leads to multiple demyelination of brain structures, neurological symptoms and frequent death or disability of the patient. The etiological factor of this disease is Human polyomavirus 2 (JCPyV).This pathogen is widespread – antibodies are found in 80% of the world›s population. However, the clinical symptoms of this infection appear only in people with a pronounced decline in cellular immunity. Until 1980 progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy was extremely rarely diagnosed. Now days the main cause of the clinical symptoms of PML is immunodeficiency caused by HIV infection. Clinical manifestations of PML are characterized by various non-specific neurological symptoms, similar to other lesions of the central nervous system, the symptoms progress slowly over several months, and usually lead to death. Diagnosis of PML is based on laboratory and instrumental methods, such as DNA JCPyV detection in the cerebrospinal fluid, brain biopsy, and radiation diagnostic methods. There is no effective prevention and etiotropic therapy for PML. Improved parameters of cellular immunity and antiretroviral treatment in HIV positive patients significantly increase the life expectancy of patients with PML. Despite the ability of drugs to prevent the progression of the disease, pathological changes in the brain are irreversible and lead to persistent disability of patients, therefore, it is necessary to diagnose PML in the early stages of the disease.

scholarly journals The Roles of GABA in Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in the Central Nervous System and Peripheral Organs

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaoran Chen ◽  
Xiang Zhou ◽  
Jialiang He ◽  
Zhenxing Xie ◽  
Shufang Xia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Peripheral Organs ◽  
Multiple Organs ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a common pathological process, which may lead to dysfunctions and failures of multiple organs. A flawless medical way of endogenous therapeutic target can illuminate accurate clinical applications. γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) has been known as a marker in I/R injury of the central nervous system (mainly in the brain) for a long time, and it may play a vital role in the occurrence of I/R injury. It has been observed that throughout cerebral I/R, levels, syntheses, releases, metabolisms, receptors, and transmissions of GABA undergo complex pathological variations. Scientists have investigated the GABAergic enhancers for attenuating cerebral I/R injury; however, discussions on existing problems and mechanisms of available drugs were seldom carried out so far. Therefore, this review would summarize the process of pathological variations in the GABA system under cerebral I/R injury and will cover corresponding probable issues and mechanisms in using GABA-related drugs to illuminate the concern about clinical illness for accurately preventing cerebral I/R injury. In addition, the study will summarize the increasing GABA signals that can prevent I/R injuries occurring in peripheral organs, and the roles of GABA were also discussed correspondingly.

scholarly journals REVIEW ON ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHIC FINDINGS IN PATIENTS WITH ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 3529-3533
Author(s):  
Ivan Todorov ◽  
◽  
Kosta Kostov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Progressive Cognitive Impairment

Nowadays, with the constant enhancement of the longevity of the human population, the spreading of dementia is in steady rising. Among the many different sources of progressive cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease plays a major role being the most common reason for mental decline in the elderly population. Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system that leads to progressive cognitive impairment and has severe health, social and economic tolls. The lack of effective treatment and the problems of the daily living that the disease creates for the patients and their families raises many important issues in modern times. Due to the effect on the individuals and the need for a permanent caregiver, it is of high importance to have accessible tools for early diagnostic and assessment of the ongoing treatment. Electroencephalography is a noninvasive, easily reproductive diagnostic method with low cost that can be performed in different stages of the diseases of the central nervous system and give input on the current condition. This review presents the current achievements in the field of the usage of electroencephalography and its specific findings in patients with Alzheimer's disease and the qualitative and quantitative changes that appears and are important for early diagnosis, differential diagnostic, prediction of acceleration of the pathological process, distinguishing of co-existing conditions and follow-up of the effect of the administered treatment.

scholarly journals Biological Chemistry in Intermediate Lipid Metabolism Disorder

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (7) ◽  
pp. 2647-2651
Author(s):  
Alina Plesea Condratovici ◽  
Alina Mihaela Elisei ◽  
Decebal Vasincu ◽  
Iulian Dan Cuciureanu ◽  
Aurel Nechita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lipid Metabolism Disorder ◽  
Fat Deposits ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Any pathological process is accompanied by quantitative and qualitative changes in metabolism, which is the main form of life manifestation. Metabolism disorders (it is the permanent exchange of substances between the body and the environment) arise if the activity of the central nervous system is affected; the trophic function of the nervous system directs nutrition and metabolism. In this function, the coordinating role belongs to the central nervous system and is made by means of the endocrine glands. Lipids introduced into the body are digested mainly with the help of the pancreatic and intestinal juice and are resorbed through the walls of the small intestine. Even in the intestinal wall, the re-synthesis of fatty acids and glycerine fat occurs. A certain amount of neutral fat is probably resorbed without being split into fatty acids and glycerine. Fats are mainly resorbed through the lymphatic system, in part (about 30%) by means of the portal vein system; the entire fat emulsion penetrates into the blood and its main mass is deposited in certain fat deposits: the adipose subcutaneous cell tissue, the epiploon and the mesenterium of the abdominal cavity, as well as in the fatty layers of the various organs. In fat deposits, processes of lipid formation from carbohydrates and of transformation of higher fatty acids can occur. Lipids from fat deposits are subject to oxidation, especially at the liver level.

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