scholarly journals Perspective Nerve Conduits for Stimulation of Regeneration of Damaged Peripheral Nerves

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 388-400
Author(s):  
Polina K. Miroshnikova ◽  
Alexey V. Lyundup ◽  
Nikolay P. Batsalenko ◽  
Mikhail E. Krasheninnikov ◽  
Yuanyuan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Severe Trauma ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Nerve Conduits ◽  
Golden Standard ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies ◽  
Stimulation Of

Nerve damage is a common severe trauma caused by a complete or partial disruption of the integrity of the nerve trunk and appropriate dissociation of the CNS and denervated tissue. «Golden standard» in the treatment of extensive injuries of peripheral nerves is the use of autografts of nerve fibers, but when they are used, pathological disturbances appear in the donor zone and the results of surgical treatment are not always satisfactory. Currently, an alternative to the traditional method is the use of nerve conduits (conductors) for directed regeneration of axons. In this work, the results of the application of nerve conductors from various materials and with various biologically active components in preclinical and clinical studies, as well as conduits used in clinical practice, were analyzed. The efficiency of regeneration was compared, on the basis of the analysis the conductor most suitable for successful nerve regeneration was selected, including approaches for creating innervated tissue engineered constructs. In this work, we have collected research on nerve conductors from various materials with various prescribed properties using certain factors used to treat damage to the peripheral nervous system, showing all the advantages and disadvantages of their use, which makes it possible to develop and create a conduit that meets all the requirements of modern regenerative medicine.

scholarly journals ASCENT (Automated Simulations to Characterize Electrical Nerve Thresholds): A pipeline for sample-specific computational modeling of electrical stimulation of peripheral nerves

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. e1009285
Author(s):  
Eric D. Musselman ◽  
Jake E. Cariello ◽  
Warren M. Grill ◽  
Nicole A. Pelot
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Computational Modeling ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Simulation Data ◽  
Stimulation Parameters ◽  
Neural Anatomy ◽  
Disease And Disorders ◽  
Stimulation Of

Electrical stimulation and block of peripheral nerves hold great promise for treatment of a range of disease and disorders, but promising results from preclinical studies often fail to translate to successful clinical therapies. Differences in neural anatomy across species require different electrodes and stimulation parameters to achieve equivalent nerve responses, and accounting for the consequences of these factors is difficult. We describe the implementation, validation, and application of a standardized, modular, and scalable computational modeling pipeline for biophysical simulations of electrical activation and block of nerve fibers within peripheral nerves. The ASCENT (Automated Simulations to Characterize Electrical Nerve Thresholds) pipeline provides a suite of built-in capabilities for user control over the entire workflow, including libraries for parts to assemble electrodes, electrical properties of biological materials, previously published fiber models, and common stimulation waveforms. We validated the accuracy of ASCENT calculations, verified usability in beta release, and provide several compelling examples of ASCENT-implemented models. ASCENT will enable the reproducibility of simulation data, and it will be used as a component of integrated simulations with other models (e.g., organ system models), to interpret experimental results, and to design experimental and clinical interventions for the advancement of peripheral nerve stimulation therapies.

Physiological effects of thermode and microwave stimulation of peripheral nerves

1962 ◽  
Vol 203 (2) ◽  
pp. 374-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert D. McAfee
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Microwave Irradiation ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Physiological Effect ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Vascular Responses ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Stimulation Of

Physiological effects produced in cats, dogs, rabbits, and rats by microwave irradiation (3-cm radar and 12.2-cm Microtherm) are duplicated in these animals by heating peripheral nerves with a warm-water or resistance-wire thermode. Identical effects occur when a temperature ranging between 45–47 C is attained by either of these means at a treated peripheral nerve or within tissue rich in peripheral nerve fibers. The response elicited by thermode or microwave stimulation includes arousal reactions, blood pressure and vascular responses, and signs of neurohumoral activity. We have demonstrated that the physiological effect of microwave radiation is a result of thermal stimulation of peripheral nerves which occurs independently of a significant increase in skin temperature or of total body heating.

scholarly journals Fluorescence Changes in Nerve Induced by Stimulation

1962 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georges Ungar ◽  
Dominick V. Romano
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Spectrum ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Ultraviolet Absorption Spectrum ◽  
Structural Rearrangements ◽  
Tissue Extracts ◽  
Fluorescent Method ◽  
Stimulation Of

It was previously assumed, on the basis of changes in the ultraviolet absorption spectrum and of increase in ionizable sulfhydryl groups, that during excitation the proteins of excitable structures undergo some structural rearrangements, and these rearrangements may be similar to those designated by the term transconformation. In the present experiments, it was observed that electrical stimulation of peripheral nerves from rat, guinea pig, frog, and crab causes a decrease in their fluorescence. The peaks of the emission and activation spectra correspond to those attributed to proteins. Denaturing agents, such as urea, were also found to decrease the fluorescence of nerve extracts. It is, therefore, probable that the decrease in fluorescence, associated with the excited state, is due to a change in the configuration of the nerve proteins. The fluorescent method is applicable not only to tissue extracts but allows the observation of surviving nerve fibers before, during, and after stimulation. It showed that fluorescence of the fibers decreases invariably during stimulation and tends to return to the control level during restoration. The reduction in fluorescence is quantitatively related to the number of stimuli received by the nerve.

Ink-Jet as a Manufacturing Method for Drug Delivery, Tissue Engineering, and Medical Device Applications

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogdan V. Antohe ◽  
David B. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Manufacturing Method ◽  
Nerve Conduits ◽  
Ink Jet ◽  
Device Applications ◽  
Drug Delivery Applications

Recent drug delivery applications have stressed the need for precise dosage in the context of complex delivery vehicles. Ink-jet technology incorporates data-driven, non-contact techniques that enable precise, picoliter volumes of material to be deposited with high speed and accuracy at target sites (even onto non-planer surfaces) and thus has emerged as a front runner for drug delivery applications. Being data-driven, ink-jet dispensing is highly flexible and can be readily automated into manufacturing lines. Moreover, the ability to precisely target the delivery location reduces waste, an important factor when the active biological materials to be deposited are high value / high cost. Some of the applications that have made use of ink-jet methods for dosage and distribution of biologically active agents are: loading of active agents onto drug eluting stents (DES); generation of drug loaded microspheres; fabrication of polymeric nerve conduits loaded with nerve growth factor; and coating of the active components onto patches for transdermal delivery.

scholarly journals THE LOCUS OF THE ACTION OF VERATRIN

1924 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 615-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles L. Wible
Keyword(s):  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Small Groups ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Sartorius Muscle ◽  
Direct Stimulation ◽  
Cerebral Ganglia ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Stimulation Of

1. In Mnemiopsis veratrin shows two stages of veratrin poisoning. First, inhibition of the beats of the plates which disappears on cutting them away either singly or in small groups. Second, after half an hour mechanical stimulation excites the beat of the plates in the intact veratrinized animal. It is concluded that veratrin acts on nervous tissue and not on the substance of the swimming plates. 2. In Lumbricus, veratrin acts on the ventral nerve cord alone, and not on the muscles and peripheral nerves. 3. In Musca, veratrin first causes opisthotonos, then spasms and extreme flexion of the legs. Decapitation causes these effects to disappear hence veratrin acts on the cerebral ganglia of the fly. 4. Veratrin applied to the sciatic nerve of the frog causes, after a latent period of 20 minutes, irregular contractions of the gastrocnemius which persist for an hour or more. Veratrin is thus a neurophil alkaloid of the first class as well as second and in this way resembles tetraethyl ammonium chloride. 5. If the end of a sciatic nerve is dipped into veratrin solution, then direct stimulation of the gastrocnemius muscle results in contraction with delayed relaxation, although the muscle itself is not subject to the action of veratrin. 6. By means of preparations of the sartorius muscle of the frog it is shown that veratrin acts not on the muscle cells directly but on the nerve fibers. Hence veratrin produces the characteristic muscle curve showing delayed relaxation by its action on the nervous elements.

scholarly journals Antidiabetic Potential of Medicinal Plants and Their Active Components

Biomolecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salehi ◽  
Ata ◽  
V. Anil Kumar ◽  
Sharopov ◽  
Ramírez-Alarcón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
The Other ◽  
Concerted Action ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Antidiabetic Agents ◽  
Major Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies

Diabetes mellitus is one of the major health problems in the world, the incidence and associated mortality are increasing. Inadequate regulation of the blood sugar imposes serious consequences for health. Conventional antidiabetic drugs are effective, however, also with unavoidable side effects. On the other hand, medicinal plants may act as an alternative source of antidiabetic agents. Examples of medicinal plants with antidiabetic potential are described, with focuses on preclinical and clinical studies. The beneficial potential of each plant matrix is given by the combined and concerted action of their profile of biologically active compounds.

Innervation of endoneurial microvessels in human sural nerve

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 920-921
Author(s):  
John L. Beggs ◽  
Peter C. Johnson ◽  
Astrid G. Olafsen ◽  
C. Jane Watkins
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Blood Supply ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Sural Nerve ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Arterial Supply ◽  
Autonomic Nerve ◽  
Vasa Nervorum ◽  
Endoneurial Blood Flow

The blood supply (vasa nervorum) to peripheral nerves is composed of an interconnected dual circulation. The endoneurium of nerve fascicles is maintained by the intrinsic circulation which is composed of microvessels primarily of capillary caliber. Transperineurial arterioles link the intrinsic circulation with the extrinsic arterial supply located in the epineurium. Blood flow in the vasa nervorum is neurogenically influenced (1,2). Although a recent hypothesis proposes that endoneurial blood flow is controlled by the action of autonomic nerve fibers associated with epineurial arterioles (2), our recent studies (3) show that in addition to epineurial arterioles other segments of the vasa nervorum are also innervated. In this study, we examine blood vessels of the endoneurium for possible innervation.

PRODUCTION OF BLENDED JUICE FROM PUMPKIN, QUINCE, PERSIMMON

2018 ◽  
pp. 59-62
Author(s):  
I. A. Kyazimova ◽  
А. А. Kasumova ◽  
А. А. Nabiev
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Aliphatic Acids ◽  
Free Glucose ◽  
Dietary Value ◽  
Quantitative Indicators

Production of plant products, including juices around the world increases continuously. In the fruit and vegetable juices contain a significant amount of monosaccharides (glucose and fructose), organic acids, vitamins, phenolic compounds, mineral substances and other biologically active components that determine the nutritional and dietary value. For the prevention of various diseases associated with impaired metabolic processes, we developed a new technology of preparation of food by blending juice of pumpkin, quince and persimmon. Thus prepared organic blended juice contains a substantial amount of free glucose and fructose, different phenolic compounds, a sufficient amount of organic acids, mineral elements, including iodine and other components that determine its nutritional and biological value. In prepared juices were evaluated the quantitative indicators of β-carotene, vitamin C, glucose and fructose, sucrose, starch, pectin substances. Also in the atomic absorbtion spectrometer Analyst 400 (PerkinElmer, USA) was analyzed content of the organic acids and phenolic compounds. Prepared juices were tested in accordance with 10 point scoring scale. It is established that all juices contain a sufficient amount of the minerals. In pumpkin and quince juices not contain iodine while it presents in sufficient amount in persimmon juice that’s why in the blended juice mineral in addition to mineral elements iodine are contained. In pumpkin and persimmon aliphatic acids are contained in small amount. For this reason during the blending process was used quince juice which is rich in aliphatic acids. The blended juice is light straw color, with delicious flavor, a slight astringent property and a balanced taste.

A Comprehensive Review on Pharmacology and Toxicology of Bioactive Compounds of Lagerstroemia Speciosa (L.) Pers.

2020 ◽  
Vol 06 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surya Kant Tripathi ◽  
Sunayna Behera ◽  
Munmun Panda ◽  
Gokhan Zengin ◽  
Bijesh K. Biswal
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Lagerstroemia Speciosa ◽  
Novel Drugs ◽  
Corosolic Acid ◽  
Current Article ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies

Background: Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers is one of the most valuable plants due to its ornamental and pharmacological relevance. It is known for its anti-diabetic activity with proved potent blood sugar-lowering activity. The anti-diabetic activity is due to presence of its biologically active component corosolic acid. Moreover, L. speciosa and its novel purified compounds are also well-known for its several biological activities with beneficial health benefit on the human being. Objectives: This review provides a summary of pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and pharmacological properties of L. speciosa and its purified phytochemicals which may help researchers for building up new researches in near future. Methods: The current article is prepared by collecting through various online and offline databases. Preliminary source of study and data collection for outlining the review was research articles and reviews that have been already published by many reputed publishers, including Springer, Elsevier, Taylor & Francis imprints, BMC, Willy, The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters, Environmental health prospective (EHP), and PLOS One. Result: The available studies results suggested that the L. speciosa and its phytochemicals showed antidiabetic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiviral, anti-obesity, and cardio-protective activities. Pharmacokinetic stud-ies suggested the low bioavailability of its purified compounds. However, nano-encapsulation can improve the bioavaila-bility related issue and effectively potentiate the medicinal properties of its constituents. Conclusion: Considering the worthy pharmacological properties, L. speciosa is considered as a potent source of several novel drugs. Though, still preclinical and clinical studies are needed to reveal the targets, molecular mechanisms, bioavail-ability, and toxicity of its constituents.

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