scholarly journals Use of Waste for Energy Applications

2017 ◽  
pp. 1066-1072
Author(s):  
Erik Dahlquist ◽  
Kurt Hansson ◽  
Eva Thorin ◽  
Fredrik Wallin
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Energy Applications ◽  
High Temperature Processes ◽  
Low Energy Buildings ◽  
Biogas Reactor

In Sweden the utilization of household waste for energy purposes is quite significant already today. Individuals sort the household waste in different fractions where the organic biologically degradable material is separated into one fraction, while other type of combustible materials into one or more fractions. The rest of the waste is normally going to recycling, like metal, glass and paper. Concerning industrial waste we have a similar situation. In Vastmanland and eastern Uppland a collection system with sorting of waste into many fractions has been in operations for 15 years. This has led to a situation, where most waste is sorted in a very good way. Just 1-2 % of the waste is put into the wrong container. At the central waste recycling plant at Gryta in Vasteras, the biologically degradable organic waste is mixed with fat sludge from restaurants and lay crops like clover and grass into a large biogas reactor. This now has been in operations for four years. It has been proven that the residue from the reactor is not causing any problems with heavy metals or organic toxics when used as fertilizer, and the residue is actually even CERALIA and KRAV certified. When it comes to extension of biogas production, we are running into a shortage of feed stocks generally in most cities in Sweden. It therefore becomes more interesting to utilize more agricultural wastes like straw, but also to introduce high temperature gasification for e.g. methane production. Today most recycled wood and similar is combusted. This gives heat, but unfortunately no organic materials to the farmlands. We also see a trend towards low energy buildings reducing the need for heat, while the wish to replace fossil fuels fortransportations is increasing. In Västmanland and other parts of Sweden high temperature gasification processes with circulated fluidized beds (750-900 oC) as well as CORTUS high temperature processes using steam for the actual gasification at 1100 oC are investigated. These techniques are also discussed in the paper.

Biogas and the Energy Sector

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Joseph Lamb
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Energy Applications ◽  
Electricity Grids ◽  
And Storage

Biogas has become one of the most attractive pathways among the renewable energy sources essential to address major modern challenges such as climate change and energy depletion in recent years. Biogas derives from the degradation of organic materials through anaerobic digestion by microorganisms. Such organic materials generally come from waste feedstocks. Therefore, besides being a sustainable replacement for fossil fuels, biogas helps control waste. Agricultural and industrial residues, municipal organic waste and sewage sludge are thus common feedstock sources, including seeds, grains and sugars, lignocellulosic biomass such as crop residues and woody crops, or high carbohydrate algae. Because of its versatility in usage and storage space, biogas plays an significant role in managing potential electricity grids. Through biogas production and utilisation, our society can go deeper into green energy applications. This Chapter will give an introduction the the current energy sector and where biogas can be used as a substitute for decarbonisation of the energy sector.

scholarly journals ELECTROTHERMAL FLUIDIZED BED TECHNIQUE USING FOR REALIZATION OF HIGH-TEMPERATURE TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES (REVIEW)

2019 ◽  
pp. 35-44
Author(s):  
K.V. Simeiko ◽  
B.K. Ilienko ◽  
M.A. Sidorenko
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Hydrocarbon Gases ◽  
Artificial Graphite ◽  
High Temperature Processes ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
Temperature Heating

When implementing a number of high-temperature processes with heat supply to the reaction zone (allothermic processes), it is impossible or economically inexpedient the burning of fossil fuels to achieve the required temperature level. The possibilities of these processes implementation through the use of electrothermal fluidized bed (ETFB) techniques are considered. Such processes include, for example, the production of hydrogen by the pyrolysis of hydrocarbon gases, the production of silicon carbide and other carbides, the production of artificial graphite and the thermal purification of natural graphite, the high-temperature heating of gases and gas mixtures. These processes can be carried out in the temperature range of 600–3000 °С using fine-dispersed materials or directly in the gas phase using ETFB. In a number of processes ETFB technology can be applied as a source of high temperature gas production, used either for the implementation of this technological process, or for ensuring the operation of technological or heat engineering equipment. Also considered the main structural characteristics of the equipment that ensure the implementation of processes in the ETPS. Bibl. 37.

scholarly journals Recovery of Household Waste by Generation of Biogas as Energy and Compost as Bio-Fertilizer—A Review

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Youssef Benyahya ◽  
Abderrahim Fail ◽  
Abdelhakim Alali ◽  
Mohamed Sadik
Keyword(s):  
Organic Waste ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Critical Parameters ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Future Perspective ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Total Solid Content ◽  
Positive Effects

Nowadays, organic waste and especially household waste represents a significant global issue due to population growth. The anaerobic digestion (AD) process is an essential operation contributing powerfully to the valorization of organic waste including food waste in terms of renewable energy generation (biogas) and the rich-nutrient residue that can be utilized as bio-fertilizer. Thus, this process (AD) allows for good recovery of household waste by generating biogas and compost. However, the AD operation has been affected by several key factors. In this paper, we aim to involve different critical parameters influencing the AD process, including temperature, pH, organic loading rate (OLR), carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N), and total solid content (TS(%)). Further, the paper highlights the inhibition caused by the excessive accumulation of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and ammoniac, which exhibits the positive effects of co-digestion, pretreatment methods, and mixing techniques for maintaining process stability and enhancing biogas production. We analyze some current mathematical models explored in the literature, such as distinct generic, non-structural, combined, and kinetic first-order models. Finally, the study discusses challenges, provides some possible solutions, and a future perspective that promises to be a highly useful resource for researchers working in the field of household waste recovery for the generation of biogas.

scholarly journals Local composting in multi-family houses in town districts

2019 ◽  
pp. 57-63
Author(s):  
Claes B. Fransen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Waste ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Material Recovery ◽  
Cycling System ◽  
Save Energy ◽  
Waste Handling

In a sustainable society based on an eco-cycling philosophy it is important to establish efficient waste recycling, as well as systems for re-use. Such systems include both material recovery and the extraction of bio-energy and nutrients using natural ecological techniques. In order to save energy and reduce transportation, which accounts for more than 60 % of the waste handling costs, it is essential to develop small-scale and local systems for the recovery of nutrients from waste products. The organic waste is an important resource of nutrients and should therefore be recycled and put back into the eco-cycling system. Every year in Sweden approximately 2,5 million tons of organic waste is not recycled, but instead incinerated or landfilled (Naturvardsverket, 1996). From an eco-cycling point of view the organic waste should not be landfilled as most of the environmental problems during the lifetime of a landfill is shown to be connected to the organic waste. Landfill gaz, leachate, odours and hygienic problems are all a result from landfilled organic waste, which instead ought to be composed or digested (Naturvardsverket, 1996). Investigations have shown that over 75 % of mixed solid household waste is biologically degradable and that nearly 50 % can be composted and re-used as a nutritious top-soil additive. Therefore, a recent Directive from the European Community prescribes that at least 75 % of the household waste in Europe shall be recycled and re-used by year 2005.

scholarly journals Alternatif Pemanfaatan Sampah Organik Sebagai Konservasi Sumber Energi Listrik

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
Fitria Novita Sari
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Waste Landfill ◽  
Research Article

The research article discussed the utilization of organic waste that always increases every year in line with the rate of population growth, therefore the article was prepared to review the utilization of organic waste as a form of conservation of electrical energy. The method in the research used is in the form of literature studies by collecting data from various sources or references relevant to the research conducted. The results of the literature study from several studies show that efforts to use organic waste derived from household waste, landfill waste, and organic waste in the market have the ability to be used for electrical energy sources and can be done energy conservation. The conclusion is that organic waste as an alternative to fossil fuels can be used as electrical energy, and that it can be used for energy conservation.

scholarly journals Obtaining biogas product from biological residues vaccines in Chone city

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
Janner Leonel Santos Mantuano ◽  
Manuel Enrique Vergara Macías ◽  
Erik Sebastian Sanchez Toapanta ◽  
Klever Steven Tubay Palma ◽  
María Fernanda Vivas Giraldo
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Environmental Problem ◽  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Mixed Gas ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
The City

In this research, we studied the use of cattle biological waste to obtain biogas through a biodigester in the city of Chone, considered the livestock capital of Ecuador. Biogas is a mixed gas produced by the fermentation (anaerobic digestion) of organic materials in the absence of oxygen. It is mostly composed of methane and carbon dioxide. The biogas production process takes place in a container called a digester, in which the anaerobic fermentation process occurs. Obtaining biogas is one of the most used alternative sources for the production of renewable energy, so it can be evidenced by its importance as a tool against the fight of the environmental problem that exists today. The use of biogas of bovine origin has a high calorific value so it can be used for the production of heat, electricity or biofuel. This initiative seeks to manage and sustainably reduce organic waste, reduce the amount of greenhouse gas emitted into the atmosphere and reduce dependence on fossil fuels.

scholarly journals Biogas Production Systems and Upgrading Technologies: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Andlar ◽  
Halina Belskaya ◽  
Galina Morzak ◽  
Mirela Ivančić Šantek ◽  
Tonči Rezić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Waste Streams ◽  
Gas Emission

The underutilized biomass and different organic waste streams are today in the focus of research for renewable energy production due to the effusive use of fossil fuels and greenhouse gases emission. In addition, one of the major environmental problems is also a constant increase of the number of organic waste streams. In lot countries, sustainable waste management, including waste prevention and reduction, has become a priority as a means to reduce pollution and greenhouse gas emission. To provide solutions for both energy-related and environmental tasks, application of biogas technologies is one of the promising solutions. This review is aimed to present conventional and novel biogas production systems, as well as purification and upgrading technologies, nowadays applicable in the large scale, with a special focus on the CO2 and H2S removal. It also gives an overview of feedstocks and prominent parameters for biogas production, together with the digestate utilization and application of molecular biology in order to improve the biogas production.

scholarly journals Effect of Organic Waste Addition into Animal Manure on Biogas Production Using Anaerobic Digestion Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 623-633
Author(s):  
Fahmi Arifan ◽  
Abdullah Abdullah ◽  
Siswo Sumardiono
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Animal Manure ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Biogas Yield

One biomass form with a high potential to replace fossil fuels is biogas. Biogas yield production depends on the raw material or substrate used. This research was aimed to investigate abiogas production technique using an anaerobic digestion process based on a substrate mixture of a starter, cow dung, chicken manure, tofu liquid waste, and cabbage waste.The anaerobic digestion is a promised process to reduce waste while it is also producing renewable energy.Moreover, the process can digest high nutrients in the waste. The anaerobic digestion results showed that the combination producing the highest biogas amount was 200 mg starter mixed with a ratio of 70% cow dung, 15% chicken manure, and 15% tofu liquid waste. The larger the amount of cabbage waste, the lower the biogas production. The quadratic regression analysisand kinetics model based on the Gompertz equation was obtained for the variable with the highest yield, compared to 70% cow dung, 15% chicken manure, and 15% tofu liquid waste and the estimated kinetic parameters based on the Gompertz equations revealed that the value of P∞ = 2,795.142 mL/gr.Ts, Rm = 113, 983.777 mL/gr.Ts, and t = 10.2 days. The results also conluded that the use of  tofu liquid waste produced more biogas than cabbage waste. This study also successfully showed significant development in terms of the amount of biogas produced by adding organic waste to animal manure as the substrate used

Digestion of sludge and organic waste in the sustainability concept for Malmö, Sweden

2004 ◽  
Vol 49 (10) ◽  
pp. 163-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. la Cour Jansen ◽  
C. Gruvberger ◽  
N. Hanner ◽  
H. Aspegren ◽  
 Svärd
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Pre Treatment

Anaerobic digestion of sludge has been part of the treatment plant in Malmö for many years and several projects on optimisation of the digestion process have been undertaken in full scale as well as in pilot scale. In order to facilitate a more sustainable solution in the future for waste management, solid waste organic waste is sorted out from households for anaerobic treatment in a newly built city district. The system for treatment of the waste is integrated in a centralised solution located at the existing wastewater treatment plant. A new extension of the digester capacity enables separate as well as co-digestion of sludge together with urban organic waste from households, industry, restaurants, big kitchens, food stores, supermarkets, green markets etc. for biogas production and production of fertiliser. Collection and pre-treatment of different types of waste are in progress together with examination of biogas potential for different types of organic waste. Collection of household waste as well as anaerobic digestion in laboratory and pilot scale has been performed during the last year. It is demonstrated that organic household waste can be digested separately or in combination with sludge. In the latter case a higher biogas yield is found than should be expected from digestion of the two materials separately. Household waste from a system based on collection of organic waste from grinders could be digested at mesophilic conditions whereas digestion failed at thermophilic conditions.

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