scholarly journals Treatment of Wastewater from Car Washes Using a Biofilter

2017 ◽  
pp. 178-187
Author(s):  
Sussie Söderlundh Söderlundh ◽  
Britt-Marie Svensson ◽  
Lennart Mårtensson
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Filter Material ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Dangerous Substances ◽  
Harmful Substances ◽  
Waste Handling

This project investigates the treatment of wastewater from two car washes using a biofilter of peat and carbon-containing ash. An evaluation of the efficiency and waste handling of the filter material was done from an environmental perspective. The biofilters were used during 2 and 4 years respectively. The treatment included an oil separator and a peat/ash biofilter. The main function of the oil separator was to reduce the amount of oil in the wastewater. The peat/ash biofilter was used as a second step of the system to treat mainly heavy metals. A comparison with the guiding values for wastewater from car washes in the municipality of Kristianstad showed that this type of filter works well. Wastewater from car washes may contain many different unhealthy and environmentally dangerous substances such as surfactants and aromatic compounds. More tests are needed to investigate if the treatment method reduces such parameters from the wastewater as well. After usage the filter is considered solid waste and is to be classified and handled according to that. Classification of the filter as waste requires knowledge about the content of environmentally harmful substances in products used in the car washes. As the content of non-analyzed substances in the filters was unknown, combustion was regarded to be an environmentally good way of disposing the filter material as both energy and ashes are recycled.

scholarly journals Combined Microfiltration and Reverse Osmosis Process for Mining Water Treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 105 ◽  
pp. 02026 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomáš Bakalár ◽  
Henrieta Pavolová ◽  
Ľubica Kozáková ◽  
Petra Puškárová ◽  
Martina Vasilková Kmecová
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Filter Material ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Mining Water

Nowadays mining water flowing out of an ore mine can be a serious threaten to the environmental due to high content of metals, especially heavy metals as well as solid particles. For this reason, this work proposes a membrane technology for mining water treatment so that the treated water meets the quality criteria of water for release into a recipient or industrial use. First polluted water was prepared, containing high concentrations of metals as well as other elements. Water was treated by selected membrane processes (stage 1 - microfiltration, stage 2- reverse osmosis). The stage 2 produced demineralized water, which was remineralised using Semidol – a dolomitic filter-material approved under DIN EN 1017 and DIN 2000. It can be concluded that the resulting water quality in terms of hardness and presence of nitrates and heavy metals improved and the water treatment method is suitable for preparation of both water safe for the environment and industrial water.

CLASSIFICATION OF HIGH-DIMENSIONAL MICROARRAY DATA WITH A TWO-STEP PROCEDURE VIA A WILCOXON CRITERION AND MULTILAYER PERCEPTRON

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
VLADIMIR NIKULIN ◽  
TIAN-HSIANG HUANG ◽  
GEOFFREY J. MCLACHLAN
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Feature Selection ◽  
High Dimensional ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Step Procedure ◽  
Leave One Out ◽  
Natural Combination ◽  
Feature Selection Techniques

The method presented in this paper is novel as a natural combination of two mutually dependent steps. Feature selection is a key element (first step) in our classification system, which was employed during the 2010 International RSCTC data mining (bioinformatics) Challenge. The second step may be implemented using any suitable classifier such as linear regression, support vector machine or neural networks. We conducted leave-one-out (LOO) experiments with several feature selection techniques and classifiers. Based on the LOO evaluations, we decided to use feature selection with the separation type Wilcoxon-based criterion for all final submissions. The method presented in this paper was tested successfully during the RSCTC data mining Challenge, where we achieved the top score in the Basic track.

Air Quality Improvement by Reduction of Gas Turbines Emissions

2013 ◽  
Vol 308 ◽  
pp. 159-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jozef Žarnovský ◽  
Viera Petková ◽  
Róbert Drlička ◽  
Jozef Dobránsky
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Recent Time ◽  
Transit System ◽  
Effective Power ◽  
Air Quality Improvement ◽  
Harmful Substances ◽  
Transit Performance

The most serious sources of the air pollution are the studied company compressor stations of the transit system equipped with the number of gas turbine. [1] Pipeline parts have smaller degree of importance and gas boiler and emergency resources of thermal and electric energy have minimum influence. These sources emit into atmosphere mainly nitrogen oxide, carbon monoxide, paraffine with the exception of the methane and unburned rest of the fuel. In comparison with these emissions are emissions of sulfur dioxide and the solid contaminations substances minimal, insignificant. Along with reduction of transit performance deploys the company in recent time significantly more energy effective power units for transit of natural gas. These drive units are mainly gas turbines burning part of transported natural gas. [2] Russian natural gas is used as a fuel which in comparison with the others kinds of fuels contains only little amount of sulfur and contain almost no As, Na and heavy metals. The main parts of combustions are CO2, CO, NOx which are products of burning and N2, O2, untouched atmosphere elements. CO and NOx are considered to be harmful substances.

scholarly journals A proposed procedure for the analysis of large phytosociological data sets in the classification of South African grasslands

Koedoe ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
G.J. Bredenkamp ◽  
H. Bezuidenhout
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Vegetation Type ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Related Plant ◽  
Single Cluster ◽  
Synoptic Table

A procedure for the effective classification of large phytosociological data sets, and the combination of many data sets from various parts of the South African grasslands is demonstrated. The procedure suggests a region by region or project by project treatment of the data. The analyses are performed step by step to effectively bring together all releves of similar or related plant communities. The first step involves a separate numerical classification of each subset (region), and subsequent refinement by Braun- Blanquet procedures. The resulting plant communities are summarised in a single synoptic table, by calculating a synoptic value for each species in each community. In the second step all communities in the synoptic table are classified by numerical analysis, to bring related communities from different regions or studies together in a single cluster. After refinement of these clusters by Braun-Blanquet procedures, broad vegetation types are identified. As a third step phytosociological tables are compiled for each iden- tified broad vegetation type, and a comprehensive abstract hierarchy constructed.

In-toilet disinfection of fresh fecal sludge with ammonia naturally present in excreta

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Temitope A. Ogunyoku ◽  
Fikreselam Habebo ◽  
Kara L. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Closed System ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Dominant Form ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Fecal Sludge ◽  
Ph Level ◽  
Inactivation Of Bacteria ◽  
Control Samples

A simple treatment method, Safe Sludge disinfection, was developed to disinfect pathogens in fresh fecal sludge using the ammonia naturally present in excreta. In the first step, urea is hydrolyzed to ammonia (NH3/NH4+). In the second step, Ca(OH)2 is added to raise the pH level such that NH3, a known disinfectant, is the dominant form of ammonia; subsequently, the waste is stored until sufficient disinfection is achieved. In a closed system at 23 °C, Safe Sludge disinfection achieved >9.3 log10 and >4.0 log10 decrease of indigenous Escherichia coli and seeded MS2 coliphage, respectively, within 10.6 hours, and 2.0 log10 inactivation of seeded Ascaris suum eggs within 2 weeks. Disinfection of feces at high pH with no urine addition was tested for comparison, and similar inactivation levels were achieved for E. coli and MS2 bacteriophage. However, for Ascaris eggs only 0.38 log10 inactivation was achieved over 2 weeks. For control samples (feces plus urine only), no inactivation of bacteria or virus indicators was observed and inactivation of Ascaris eggs was also low (0.42 log10). To illustrate how the Safe Sludge concept could be incorporated into a waterless household toilet, a conceptual design and prototype was developed, called the pHree Loo.

scholarly journals An Automated Method for the Quantification and Fractal Analysis of Immunostaining

2004 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 125-134
Author(s):  
Armin Gerger ◽  
Patrick Bergthaler ◽  
Josef Smolle
Keyword(s):  
Fractal Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Description ◽  
Fractal Dimensionality ◽  
Texture Features ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Automated Method ◽  
Reliable Classification ◽  
The One

Aims. In tissue counter analysis (TCA) digital images of complex histologic sections are dissected into elements of equal size and shape, and digital information comprising grey level, colour and texture features is calculated for each element. In this study we assessed the feasibility of TCA for the quantitative description of amount and also of distribution of immunostained material. Methods. In a first step, our system was trained for differentiating between background and tissue on the one hand and between immunopositive and so‐called other tissue on the other. In a second step, immunostained slides were automatically screened and the procedure was tested for the quantitative description of amount of cytokeratin (CK) and leukocyte common antigen (LCA) immunopositive structures. Additionally, fractal analysis was applied to all cases describing the architectural distribution of immunostained material. Results. The procedure yielded reproducible assessments of the relative amounts of immunopositive tissue components when the number and percentage of CK and LCA stained structures was assessed. Furthermore, a reliable classification of immunopositive patterns was found by means of fractal dimensionality. Conclusions. Tissue counter analysis combined with classification trees and fractal analysis is a fully automated and reproducible approach for the quantitative description in immunohistology.

Novel Bioremediation Methods in Waste Management

2020 ◽  
pp. 1627-1643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charu Gupta ◽  
Dhan Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Genetically Modified Organisms ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Novel Methods ◽  
Contaminated Waste ◽  
Oily Waste ◽  
Electro Coagulation ◽  
Cadmium And Lead ◽  
New Generation

Bioremediation technologies are one of the novel methods in the field of waste and environment management and are presently gaining immense credibility for being eco-compatible. Bioremediation using microbes has been well accepted as an environment friendly and economical treatment method for disposal of hazardous petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated waste (oily waste). Besides this, earthworms can be used to extract toxic heavy metals, including cadmium and lead, from solid waste from domestic refuse collection and waste from vegetable and flower markets. Other novel methods used recently for treatment of wastes are plasma incineration or plasma assisted gasification and pyrolysis technology. The technologies applied for conditioning include ultrasonic degradation, chemical degradation, enzyme addition, electro-coagulation and biological cell destruction. Genetic engineering is another method for improving bioremediation of heavy metals and organic pollutants. Transgenic plants and associated bacteria constitute a new generation of genetically modified organisms for bioremediation.

Novel Bioremediation Methods in Waste Management

2016 ◽  
pp. 141-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charu Gupta ◽  
Dhan Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Genetically Modified Organisms ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Novel Methods ◽  
Contaminated Waste ◽  
Oily Waste ◽  
Electro Coagulation ◽  
Cadmium And Lead ◽  
New Generation

Bioremediation technologies are one of the novel methods in the field of waste and environment management and are presently gaining immense credibility for being eco-compatible. Bioremediation using microbes has been well accepted as an environment friendly and economical treatment method for disposal of hazardous petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated waste (oily waste). Besides this, earthworms can be used to extract toxic heavy metals, including cadmium and lead, from solid waste from domestic refuse collection and waste from vegetable and flower markets. Other novel methods used recently for treatment of wastes are plasma incineration or plasma assisted gasification and pyrolysis technology. The technologies applied for conditioning include ultrasonic degradation, chemical degradation, enzyme addition, electro-coagulation and biological cell destruction. Genetic engineering is another method for improving bioremediation of heavy metals and organic pollutants. Transgenic plants and associated bacteria constitute a new generation of genetically modified organisms for bioremediation.

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