scholarly journals Start up and Stabilization of Anammox Process in an Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor (an MBR)

2017 ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
S. Suneethi ◽  
Kurian Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Aquatic Toxicity ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Seed Culture ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Anammox Process

Release of nitrate and ammonia rich wastewaters into the natural waters promotes eutrophication, aquatic toxicity and deterioration in water quality. Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation (ANAMMOX) process is an advanced biological nitrogen removal alternative to traditional nitrification – denitrification, which removes ammonia using nitrite as the electron acceptor without oxygen. The feasibility to enrich ANAMMOX bacteria from anaerobic seed culture to start up an Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor (An MBR) for N – removal is reported in this paper. The seed culture used was anaerobic digester sludge collected from a Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) in Chennai. Stabilization performance of An MBR is reported for a period of 250 days, for the presence of ANAMMOX bacteria and its sustained activity in terms of Nitrogen transformations to Ammonia, Nitrite and Nitrate along with Hydrazine and Hydroxylamine.

scholarly journals Start-Up, Modelling and Simulation of the Anammox Process in a Membrane Bioreactor

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 639-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Cema ◽  
Adam Sochacki ◽  
Jakub Kubiatowicz ◽  
Piotr Gutwiński ◽  
Joanna Surmacz-Górska
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Predictive Power ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
Anammox Process

There are certain well-known methods of diminishing concentrations of nitrogen compounds, but they are ineffective in case of nitrogen-rich wastewater with a low content of biodegradable carbon. Partial nitritation followed by anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) process appear to be an excellent alternative for traditional nitrification and denitrification. This paper presents the feasibility of successful start-up of Anammox process in a laboratory-scale membrane bioreactor (MBR). It was shown that the combination of membrane technology and Anammox process allowed to create a new highly efficient and compact system for nitrogen removal. It was possible to achieve average nitrogen removal efficiency equal to 76.7 ± 8.3%. It was shown that the start-up period of 6 months was needed to obtain high nitrogen removal efficiency. The applied biochemical model of the Anammox process was based on the state-of-the-art Activated Sludge Model No.1 (ASM 1) which was modified for accounting activity of autotrophs (nitrite-oxidising bacteria and nitrateoxidising bacteria) and anammox bacteria. In order to increase the predictive power of the simulation selected parameters of the model were adjusted during model calibration. Readjustment of the model parameters based on the critically evaluated data of the reactor resulted in a satisfactory match between the model predictions and the actual observations.

scholarly journals Enrichment of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) bacteria for short start-up of the anammox process: a review

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 (30) ◽  
pp. 13958-13978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mumtazah Ibrahim ◽  
Norjan Yusof ◽  
Mohd Zulkhairi Mohd Yusoff ◽  
Mohd Ali Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Anammox Process

scholarly journals Autotrophic ammonia removal from landfill leachate using anaerobic membrane bioreactor

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Suneethi ◽  
Kurian Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Ammonia Removal ◽  
Nitrogen Loading ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Anammox Process

Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor (AnMBR) is an innovative high cell density system having complete biomass retention, high reactor loading and low sludge production and suitable for developing slow growing autotrophic bacterial cultures such as ANAMMOX. The Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation (ANAMMOX) process is an advanced biological nitrogen removal removes ammonia using nitrite as the electron acceptor without oxygen. The NH4+-N in the landfill leachate that is formed due to the release of nitrogen from municipal solid waste (MSW), when discharged untreated, into the surface water can result in eutrophication, aquatic toxicity and emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O) to atmosphere. Besides, NH4+-N accumulation in landfills poses long term pollution issue with significant interference during post closure thereby requiring its removal prior to ultimate disposal into inland surface waters. The main objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility and treatment efficiency of treating landfill leachate (to check) for removing NH4+-N by adopting ANAMMOX process in AnMBR. The AnMBR was optimized for Nitrogen Loading Rate (NLR) varying from 0.025 to 5 kg NH4+-N/ m3/ d with hydraulic retention time (HRT) ranging from 1 to 3 d. NH4+-N removal efficacy of 85.13 ± 9.67% with the mean nitrogen removal rate (NRR) of 5.54 ± 0.63 kg NH4+-N/ m3/ d was achieved with nitrogen loading rate (NLR) of 6.51 ± 0.20 kg NH4+- N/ m3/ d at 1.5 d HRT. The nitrogen transformation intermediates in the form of hydrazine (N2H4) and hydroxylamine (NH2OH) were 0.008 ± 0.005 mg/L and 0.006 ± 0.001 mg/L, respectively, indicating co-existence of aerobic ammonia oxidizers (AOB) and ANAMMOX. The free ammonia (NH3) and free nitrous acid (HNO2) concentrations were 26.61 ± 16.54 mg/L and (1.66 ± 0.95) x 10-5 mg/L, preventing NO2--N oxidation to NO3--N enabling sustained NH4+- N removal.

Study on the membrane bioreactor for treating surfactant wastewater

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhilin Ran ◽  
Jia Zhu ◽  
Ke Li ◽  
Li Zhou ◽  
Pei Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Linear Alkylbenzene ◽  
Start Up

Abstract The main component of surfactant is linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS), which is toxic to the ecological environment and can cause serious harm. In this study, some activated sludge was taken from the aerobic and anaerobic tank of a sewage treatment plant in Shenzhen, then cultivated and domesticated in a membrane bioreactor with artificial surfactant wastewater. The start-up phase of the reactor adapted the constant-flux filtration, and the HRT was 12 h. The pH was below 5.5, which needed the addition of NaHCO3 after 6 days to adjust to the more optimal level (pH 6.5–7.5). After operation for 20 days, the start-up of the system was considered successful. At the early stage, the removal rates of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and LAS were relatively stable, reaching as high as 85.49%–93.31% and 80%, respectively. When the LAS concentration reached over 175 mg/L and the COD declined to about 83%, the removal rate of LAS also significantly decreased. LAS removal rate further decreased to about 60% when the dosage reached 200 mg/L, indicating that the resistance of microorganisms against LAS toxicity was also limited. LAS degradation could have been mainly driven by Dechloromonas, Gemmata, Pseudomonas and Zoogloea in the system.

scholarly journals Start-Up of Anammox SBR from Non-Specific Inoculum and Process Acceleration Methods by Hydrazine

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 350
Author(s):  
Ivar Zekker ◽  
Oleg Artemchuk ◽  
Ergo Rikmann ◽  
Kelvin Ohimai ◽  
Gourav Dhar Bhowmick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Biological Nutrient Removal ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Reject Water ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Anammox Activity ◽  
Optimum Salinity ◽  
Anammox Process

Biological nutrient removal from wastewater to reach acceptable levels is needed to protect water resources and avoid eutrophication. The start-up of an anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process from scratch was investigated in a 20 L sequence batch reactor (SBR) inoculated with a mixture of aerobic and anaerobic sludge at 30 ± 0.5 °C with a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 2–3 days. The use of NH4Cl, NaNO2, and reject water as nitrogen sources created different salinity periods, in which the anammox process performance was assessed: low (<0.2 g of Cl−/L), high (18.2 g of Cl−/L), or optimum salinity (0.5–2 g of Cl−/L). Reject water feeding gave the optimum salinity, with an average nitrogen removal efficiency of 80%, and a TNRR of 0.08 kg N/m3/d being achieved after 193 days. The main aim was to show the effect of a hydrazine addition on the specific anammox activity (SAA) and denitrification activity in the start-up process to boost the autotrophic nitrogen removal from scratch. The effect of the anammox intermediate hydrazine addition was tested to assess its concentration effect (range of 2–12.5 mg of N2H4/L) on diminishing denitrifier activity and accelerating anammox activity at the same time. Heterotrophic denitrifiers’ activity was diminished by all hydrazine additions compared to the control; 5 mg of N2H4/L added enhanced SAA compared to the control, achieving an SAA of 0.72 (±0.01) mg N/g MLSS/h, while the test with 7.5 mg of N2H4/L reached the highest overall SAA of 0.98 (±0.09) mg N g/MLSS/h. The addition of trace amounts of hydrazine for 6 h was also able to enhance SAA after inhibition by organic carbon source sodium acetate addition at a high C/N ratio of 10/1. The start-up of anammox bacteria from the aerobic–anaerobic suspended biomass was successful, with hydrazine significantly accelerating anammox activity and decreasing denitrifier activity, making the method applicable for side-stream as well as mainstream treatment.

Sinks and sources of anammox bacteria in a wastewater treatment plant – screening with qPCR

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 441-451
Author(s):  
Linda Kanders ◽  
Maike Beier ◽  
Regina Nogueira ◽  
Emma Nehrenheim
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Reject Water ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Reliable Source ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Anammox Process

Abstract The deammonification process, which includes nitritation and anammox bacteria, is an energy-efficient nitrogen removal process. Starting up an anammox process in a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) is still widely believed to require external seeding of anammox bacteria. To demonstrate the principle of a non-seeded anammox start-up, anammox bacteria in potential sources must be quantified. In this study, seven digesters, their substrates and reject water were sampled and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to quantify both total and viable anammox bacteria. The results show that mesophilic digesters fed with nitrifying sludge (with high sludge ages) can be classified as a reliable source of anammox bacteria. Sludge hygienization and dewatering of digestate reduce the amount of anammox bacteria by one to two orders of magnitude and can be considered as a sink. The sampled reject waters contained on average &gt;4.0 × 104 copies mL−1 and the majority of these cells (&gt;87%) were viable cells. Furthermore, plants with side-stream anammox treatment appear to have higher overall quantities of anammox bacteria than those without such treatment. The present study contributes to the development of sustainable strategies for both start-up of anammox reactors and the possibility of improving microbial management in WWTPs.

Comparison of two treatments for the removal of selected organic micropollutants and bulk organic matter: conventional activated sludge followed by ultrafiltration versus membrane bioreactor

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 733-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Sahar ◽  
M. Ernst ◽  
M. Godehardt ◽  
A. Hein ◽  
J. Herr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Macrolide Antibiotics ◽  
Organic Micropollutants ◽  
Removal Rates ◽  
Conventional Activated Sludge

The potential of membrane bioreactor (MBR) systems to remove organic micropollutants was investigated at different scales, operational conditions, and locations. The effluent quality of the MBR system was compared with that of a plant combining conventional activated sludge (CAS) followed by ultrafiltration (UF). The MBR and CAS-UF systems were operated and tested in parallel. An MBR pilot plant in Israel was operated for over a year at a mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) range of 2.8–10.6 g/L. The MBR achieved removal rates comparable to those of a CAS-UF plant at the Tel-Aviv wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) for macrolide antibiotics such as roxythromycin, clarithromycin, and erythromycin and slightly higher removal rates than the CAS-UF for sulfonamides. A laboratory scale MBR unit in Berlin – at an MLSS of 6–9 g/L – showed better removal rates for macrolide antibiotics, trimethoprim, and 5-tolyltriazole compared to the CAS process of the Ruhleben sewage treatment plant (STP) in Berlin when both were fed with identical quality raw wastewater. The Berlin CAS exhibited significantly better benzotriazole removal and slightly better sulfamethoxazole and 4-tolyltriazole removal than its MBR counterpart. Pilot MBR tests (MLSS of 12 g/L) in Aachen, Germany, showed that operating flux significantly affected the resulting membrane fouling rate, but the removal rates of dissolved organic matter and of bisphenol A were not affected.

Start-up of the Anammox process in a membrane bioreactor

2006 ◽  
Vol 126 (4) ◽  
pp. 475-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Trigo ◽  
J.L. Campos ◽  
J.M. Garrido ◽  
R. Méndez
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Anammox Process

scholarly journals Achieving fast start-up of anammox process by promoting the growth of anammox bacteria with FeS addition

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunzhen Zou ◽  
Beibei Guo ◽  
Xuming Zhuang ◽  
Liying Ren ◽  
Shou-Qing Ni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Nitrite Reductase ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Fast Start ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Anammox Process

Abstract The effects of FeS on nitrogen removal performance and microbial community of anammox process were studied. During the start-up period, the removal efficiencies of nitrite and total nitrogen were significantly improved by FeS. The addition of FeS increased the content of iron ions in the reactor and promoted the synthesis of heme c, which was involved in the formation of various enzymes. Compared with the control, the abundance of anammox bacteria in the FeS reactor was increased by 29%, and the expression level of the nirS gene (encoding cd1 type nitrite reductase containing heme) was nearly doubled. The content of nitrite reductase (ammonia-forming) in the community was increased by 26.4%. The difference in functional bacteria and enzyme contents in the microbial community resulted in a difference in nitrogen removal rate (NRR) between the two reactors. High-throughput results indicated that FeS increased the richness and diversity of microbial community and enhanced the metabolic function of the microbial community. The addition of FeS did not change the dominant position of Ca. Kuenenia in both reactors. But the relative abundance of heterotrophic denitrifying bacteria was reduced with FeS, which may be related to the inhibition effect of S2− produced by FeS.

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