scholarly journals New analytical methodology for studies of treatment procedures of landfill leachates - experiences from a pilot plant study

2019 ◽  
pp. 273-275
Author(s):  
Lennart Mårtensson ◽  
Staffan Bergström ◽  
Britt-Marie Svensson ◽  
Lennart Mathiasson
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Chemical Oxidation ◽  
Landfill Leachates ◽  
Analytical Methodology ◽  
Msw Landfill ◽  
Analytical Protocol ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Treatment Procedures

In this study we have in pilot scale tested different methods for treatment of leachate from amunicipal solid waste (MSW) landfill, Only to focus on sum parameters, nutrients and metalswhen designing treatment methodology for landfill leachate is not enough, it is also importantto measure the content of toxic organic compounds in low concentrations, However, it is notpractical to analyse all substances in the leachate and for making evaluation of treatmentsfeasible our own analytical protocol was created, The efficiency of tested treatmentprocedures was evaluated by measuring changes in concentrations of a number of chosenparameters and organic compounds before and after treatment The treatment methods testedthat showed the highest efficiency towards organic pollutants in leachate were ozonetreatment and chemical oxidation with Fenton's reagent However, more natural basedmethods like filtering the leachate through a bed with peat mixed with carbon containingbottom-ash showed promising results.

scholarly journals Assessment methodology for volatile organic compounds from leachate treatment and other waste handling activities

2019 ◽  
pp. 291-294
Author(s):  
Lennart Mårtensson ◽  
Lars Thörneby ◽  
Staffan Bergström ◽  
Diauddin Nammari ◽  
Lennart Mathiasson
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Vapour Phase ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Glycol Ethers ◽  
Leachate Treatment ◽  
Model Studies ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Treatment Procedures

Volatile organic compounds (VOC) are typically defined as those predominantly presentin the vapour phase in air at ambient temperature, They range in volatility from methaneto n-e 16 above and include all chemical groups - alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, esters,glycol ethers, halogens and hydrocarbons, Many of the voes are produced and emittedwhen organic matter decomposes from microbiological activity, A great number ofvolatile compounds been identified in the air in the vicinity of landfills, voes emittedfrom landfills pose as health concern and odour annoyance for the neighbourhood, Highconcentrations of voes have also been identified in the working environments at wastehandling facilities, Emissions of volatile organics from leachate, and how the treatmentsystem affects the fate of the voes have been reported, A variety of different samplingstrategies and sampling media can be used to address different monitoring requirements,including adsorption tubes and impingers with a suitable absorption solution, Finalanalysis of voes can be performed with a combination of thermodesorption ofadsorption tubes and Ge-MS, Model studies of the emission of voes from the watersurface, at the actual site in ponds or in the laboratory, can be performed in order tofacilitate budget calculations using a special designed hood, Results from analysis ofleachate before and after treatment procedures, using purge and trap methodology, showshow some identified voes such as for example benzene, toluene, xylen and trimethylbenzene are to some extent removed from the liquid,

Pretreatment of landfill leachate by chemical oxidation processes

2010 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ján Derco ◽  
Andreja Gotvajn ◽  
Jana Zagorc-Končan ◽  
Beáta Almásiová ◽  
Angelika Kassai
Keyword(s):  
Organic Pollution ◽  
Chemical Oxidation ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Landfill Leachates ◽  
Oxidative Treatment ◽  
Treatment Techniques ◽  
First Order Kinetics ◽  
Fenton’S Oxidation ◽  
Treatment Procedures ◽  
Fenton's Oxidation

AbstractKinetics and efficiency of Fenton’s and ozonation processes for the pretreatment of two landfill leachates (fresh and mature) resulting from municipal waste disposal were studied. Both samples presented high organic load, high toxicity and low biodegradability. These were the reasons why oxidative treatment was proposed. Fresh and mature leachate showed different behaviors in the oxidation experiments. The final extents of removal were attained in comparable time intervals in both oxidation systems. Maximal removal of organics by the Fenton’s oxidation reached more than 50 % according to COD. Zero or first order kinetics were found the best to describe the organic components (in terms of COD and DOC) removal by the Fenton’s oxidation for both landfill leachates. Higher reaction rate values of the Fenton’s oxidation were achieved with fresh leachate samples. The efficiency of initial organics removal with ozone was about 70 % for mature leachate, while in case of the fresh one only 41 % of COD were removed. The best fits of COD and DOC experimental data from oxidation of fresh and mature leachates were obtained by a combined kinetic model. No significant improvement of the biodegradability of landfill leachates was achieved using these treatment procedures. Regarding toxicity, ozonation showed to be more effective than the Fenton’s oxidation. Advanced oxidation experiments confirmed that the Fenton’s oxidation and ozonation are comparable oxidative treatment techniques for the reduction of organic pollution in the investigated municipal landfill leachates. However, neither of them is effective enough to be used as a pretreatment method followed by biological treatment.

Pilot-scale neutralisation of underground mine water

1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
pp. 141-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Maree ◽  
G. J. van Tonder ◽  
P. Millard ◽  
T. C. Erasmus
Keyword(s):  
Mine Water ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Underground Mine ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Fluidised Bed ◽  
Chemical Composition Of Water ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Time Required

Traditionally acid mine water is neutralised with lime (Ca(OH)2). Limestone (CaCO3) is a cheaper alternative for such applications. This paper describes an investigation aimed at demonstrating that underground mine water can be neutralised with limestone in a fluidised-bed. The contact time required between the limestone and the acid water, chemical composition of water before and after treatment, and economic feasibility of the fluidised bed neutralisation process are determined. A pilot plant with a capacity of 10k1/h was operated continuously underground in a gold mine. The underground water could be neutralised effectively using the limestone process. The pH of the water was increased from less than 3 to more than 7, the alkalinity of the treated water was greater than 120 mg/l (as CaCO3) and the contact time required between mine water and limestone was less than 10 min (the exact contact time depends on the limestone surface area). Chemical savings of 56.4% can be achieved compared to neutralisation with lime.

scholarly journals Species and characteristics of volatile organic compounds emitted from an auto-repair painting workshop

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Y. Song ◽  
H. Chun
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Butyl Acetate ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Voc Emissions ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Adsorption Systems

AbstractVolatile organic compounds (VOCs) are secondary pollutant precursors having adverse impacts on the environment and human health. Although VOC emissions, their sources, and impacts have been investigated, the focus has been on large-scale industrial sources or indoor environments; studies on relatively small-scale enterprises (e.g., auto-repair workshops) are lacking. Here, we performed field VOC measurements for an auto-repair painting facility in Korea and analyzed the characteristics of VOCs emitted from the main painting workshop (top coat). The total VOC concentration was 5069–8058 ppb, and 24–35 species were detected. The VOCs were mainly identified as butyl acetate, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene compounds. VOC characteristics differed depending on the paint type. Butyl acetate had the highest concentration in both water- and oil-based paints; however, its concentration and proportion were higher in the former (3256 ppb, 65.5%) than in the latter (2449 ppb, 31.1%). Comparing VOC concentration before and after passing through adsorption systems, concentrations of most VOCs were lower at the outlets than the inlets of the adsorption systems, but were found to be high at the outlets in some workshops. These results provide a theoretical basis for developing effective VOC control systems and managing VOC emissions from auto-repair painting workshops.

scholarly journals Effect of wood biomass components on self-heating

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nozomi Miyawaki ◽  
Takashi Fukushima ◽  
Takafumi Mizuno ◽  
Miyao Inoue ◽  
Kenji Takisawa
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Chemical Oxidation ◽  
Spontaneous Ignition ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Self Heating ◽  
Inorganic Substances ◽  
Before And After

AbstractBiomass may ignite due to biological oxidation and chemical oxidation. If this phenomenon (spontaneous ignition) is controlled, it would be possible to produce biochar at a lower cost without the need for an external heat resource. We investigated if self-heating could be controlled by using sawdust and bark chips. When sawdust and bark chips were used under controlled conditions, the bark chips temperature increased to the torrefaction temperature. The ash content of bark chips was ~ 2%d.b. higher than that of sawdust; consequently, the inorganic substances contained in the bark chips might affect the self-heating. Self-heating was suppressed when inorganic substances were removed by washing with water. Therefore, the inorganic substances in the biomass might have affected self-heating. The inorganic element contents of the bark chips were measured by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry before and after washing. The potassium content of the bark chips was reduced remarkably by washing, and there was a possible influence of potassium on self-heating. Finally, the effect of moisture content on self-heating was investigated to obtain stable reactivity. Thus, at a moisture content of 40%w.b., a steady self-heating behavior may be realized.

Changes on recovery in the concentrations of tryptophan and the biogenic amine metabolites in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with affective illness

1973 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Ashcroft ◽  
Ivy M. Blackburn ◽  
D. Eccleston ◽  
A. I. M. Glen ◽  
W. Hartley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Homovanillic Acid ◽  
Affective Illness ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Depressed Group ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Acid Metabolites ◽  
Bipolar Patients ◽  
Manic Patients

SYNOPSISThe concentration of the acid metabolites of dopamine, and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), homovanillic acid (HVA), and 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid (5-HIAA) respectively, were estimated in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients suffering from either unipolar or bipolar affective illness, both before and after recovery. Significantly low concentrations of HVA and 5-HIAA (P<0·01 and 0·05 respectively) were found in the unipolar depressed group and these did not return to normal on recovery. Depressed bipolar patients had levels within normal limits. In bipolar manic patients the HVA concentration fell on recovery to a level significantly lower (P<0·05) than controls. There was no difference in the levels of tryptophan in the CSF of any of the groups of patients nor was there any alteration on recovery. There was a high correlation between 5-HIAA and HVA in the same CSF. These findings are against the amine hypothesis which postulated in depression a lowered concentration of transmitter amine at synaptic junction.

Pilot-scale and mechanistic study of the degradation of typical odors and organic compounds in drinking water by a combined UV/H2O2-BAC process

Chemosphere ◽  
2022 ◽  
pp. 133419
Author(s):  
Qingyue Jiang ◽  
Yonglei Wang ◽  
Liping Tian ◽  
Yulei Liu ◽  
Jianguang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Mechanistic Study

scholarly journals Characteristics of Graphene Oxide Films Reduced by Using an Atmospheric Plasma System

Nanomaterials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chii-Rong Yang ◽  
Shih-Feng Tseng ◽  
Yu-Ting Chen
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Sheet Resistance ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Pyrolytic Graphite ◽  
Chemical Oxidation ◽  
Atmospheric Plasma ◽  
Graphene Oxides ◽  
Plasma Irradiation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Bond Peak

The chemical oxidation method can be used to mass-produce graphene oxides (GOs) from highly oriented pyrolytic graphite. However, numerous oxygen-containing functional groups (hydroxyl, epoxy, carbonyl, etc.) exist in typical GO surfaces, resulting in serious electrical losses. Hence, GO must be processed into reduced graphene oxide (rGO) by the removal of most of the oxygen-containing functional groups. This research concentrates on the reduction efficiency of GO films that are manufactured using atmospheric-pressure and continuous plasma irradiation. Before and after sessions of plasma irradiation with various irradiation times, shelters, and working distances, the surface, physical, and electrical characteristics of homemade GO and rGO films are measured and analyzed. Experimental results showed that the sheet resistance values of rGO films with silicon or quartz shelters were markedly lower than those of GO films because the rGO films were mostly deprived of oxygen-containing functional groups. The lowest sheet resistance value and the largest carbon-to-oxygen ratio of typical rGO films were approximately 90 Ω/sq and 1.522, respectively. The intensity of the C–O bond peak in typical rGO films was significantly lower than that in GO films. Moreover, the intensity of the C–C bond peak in typical rGO films was considerably higher than that in GO films.

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