scholarly journals The waste water treatment situation in the former German democratic republic

2019 ◽  
pp. 119-140
Author(s):  
Manfred Lohse
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
German Democratic Republic ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
Federal States ◽  
East Berlin ◽  
Treatment Situation

It is well known that the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) and the German Democratic Republic (GDR) have reunited. The new federal states with about 17 millions inhabitants are: East-Berlin, Brandenburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommem, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt and Thiiringen. This paper (talk) begins with a description a of the sewage disposal situation at the time of the reunion and then goes on to discusses the improvements that will have to be made. Finally a few examples of the situation in the cities and rural areas will be presented.

scholarly journals Erratum

1974 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 543-543
Author(s):  
Rita Pankhurst
Keyword(s):  
Federal Republic ◽  
German Democratic Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
East Berlin ◽  
West Berlin

I am indebted to Professor Dr. Ernst Hammerschmidt of Hamburg University for pointing out that the manuscripts Dillmann No. 19 and No. 42 mentioned on p. 30 and listed on p. 40 of my article on ‘The library of Emperor Tewodros II at Mäqdäla (Magdala)’, BSOAS, xxxvi, 1, 1973, are in the Staatsbibliothek der Stiftung Preussischer Kulturbesitz in West Berlin, Federal Republic of Germany, and not, as stated in the article, in the Deutsche Staatsbibliothek, East Berlin, German Democratic Republic.

Monitoring and analysis of biogas output from decentralized anaerobic waste water treatment with simultaneous utilization of resources in Java, Indonesia

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-213
Author(s):  
M. Kaiser ◽  
S. Fuchs
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Integrated Water Resources Management ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Sustainable Technologies ◽  
Treatment Situation ◽  
Biogas Output ◽  
Sanitation Systems

In the province of Yogyakarta in Java, district of Gunungkidul is considered to be one of the poorest areas in Indonesia. Here, water shortage greatly affects the population, especially during the dry season, which lasts from April to October. The peculiarity of Gunungkidul is that despite high rainfall of about 1,800 mm per year, the water supply of the population is not guaranteed. Because of the karstic underground, rainfall rapidly seeps into the ground without sufficient surface storage. The current situation of sanitation systems consist of pit latrines or pour flush toilets and results in an inadequate waste water treatment. Untreated liquids infiltrates into the ground, thus posing a significant threat to groundwater quality. Owing to this reasons mentioned above, an integrated water resources management (IWRM) was established in the district of Gunungkidul. The aim of the IWRM-Indonesia project was to develop adaptable and sustainable technologies for the supply of the population in the project area with water in sufficient quantity and quality as well as the improvement of the waste water treatment situation, which is the focus of the study presented herein.

scholarly journals Infrastruktura jako instrument poprawy regionalnej konkurencyjności obszarów wiejskich

2017 ◽  
Vol 17(32) (3) ◽  
pp. 60-70
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Dolata
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
European Union ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Regional Competitiveness ◽  
Systematic Development ◽  
Fast Growth Rate

The paper presents basic issues related to regional competitiveness of rural areas and infrastructure. The main purpose of the study was to present the importance of infrastructure as one of the most important factors for the competitiveness of rural areas. Infrastructure is an element of territorial competitiveness potential, and infrastructural equipment influences the shaping of the level the so-call attributes of competitiveness. It also indicated the role that the European Union attributes to infrastructure as a pro-competitive instrument. The results of the conducted research confirmed that since Poland's accession to the structures of the European Union in rural areas a systematic development of their infrastructural facilities took place. Particularly fast growth rate was characterized by the development of sewerage and waste water treatment system.

The Advantages of a Compact Filter for Individual or Semi-Collective Waste Water Treatment

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Fazio ◽  
G. Warot ◽  
P. Vander Borght
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Surface Distribution

In certain rural areas, collective water treatment is not an economically viable solution due to the cost of the water collection facilities (difficult terrain, distance between the houses); for various reasons, however, the traditional individual water treatment system is not highly regarded (bad installation, insufficient maintenance, …) and thus, work has been carried out to develop a high-performance and compact alternative solution for domestic waste water treatment. This alternative system makes use of a compact sand filter installed downstream from the septic tank, the filter's performance is based on supply regulation and improvement of the waste's surface distribution. Hydraulic laboratory studies and follow-up on a testing stand using real effluent have enabled us to develop a standardized compact system which is suitable for use in most terrains. The filter's purification performance is outstanding; at a daily supply rate of 150 l/m2, the average purification yields are over 90 % for COD, BOD, NH4, NKT From the bacteriological point of view, bacterial contamination is also significantly reduced. Laboratory tests are being carried out at present, with the aim of further improving purification by inducing a denitrification process enabling reduction of nitrate levels. This system's compact overall dimensions and relatively low cost mean that it can be used not only for individual waste water treatment but also for effluent treatment for small communities (≤ 400 inhabitant equivalent).

The new technology of waste water treatment by using bioreactors with bio membranous movable bed – biochips

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 276-292
Author(s):  
Maria Y. Savostyanova ◽  
◽  
Lidia А. Norina ◽  
Arina V. Nikolaeva ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Waste Waters ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Movable Bed

Retaining of water resources quality is one of the global ecological problems of the modern time. The most promising direction in solving the problem of water resources protection is the reduction of negative environmental influence of waste water from production facilities by upgrading the existing water treatment technologies. To treat utility water, technical and rain water from site facilities of Transneft system entities, the specialists developed and approved standard technological diagrams, which are used in producing treatment facilities. The standard technological diagrams provide for all necessary stages of waste water treatment ensures the reduction of pollution level to normal values. However, during operation of treatment facilities it was established, that to ensure the required quality of waste water treatment with initially high levels of pollution, the new technological solutions are necessary. The author presents the results of scientific-research work, in the context of which the best affordable technologies were identified in the area of the treatment of waste water with increased content of pollutants and non-uniform ingress pattern. On the basis of the research results the technical solutions were developed for optimization of operation of existing waste water treatment facilities by means of using combined treatment of technical and rain waters and utility waste waters and applying bioreactor with movable bed – biochips. The use of bioreactor with movable bed allows the increase in the area of active surface, which facilitates increase and retention of biomass. Biochips are completely immersed into waste waters, and biofilm is formed on the entire volume of immersion area, facilitating retention of biomass and preventing formation of sediments. Due to mixing the floating device with biofilm constantly moves along the whole area of bioreactor, and, in doing so, speeds up biochemical processes and uniformity of treatment. The advantages of a bioreactor with movable bed – its active sludge durability against increased and changing pollutant concentrations, change of waste water temperature and simplicity of application – ensured the possibility of its use for blending utility waters, technical and rain waters.

REVIEWS OF ELECTROCOAGULATION PROCESS ON WASTE WATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Taty Hernaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Technique ◽  
Industrial Waste Water ◽  
Strong Current ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
Electrocoagulation Process

Waste water treatment by industry usually uses chemicals that may lead to additional environmental pollution load. On the other hand, water demand increases and environmental regulations regarding waste water disposal requirements that apply more stringent. It is necessary for waste treatment technique that accommodate this requirement. Electrocoagulation process is a technique of wastewater treatment that has been chosen because the technique is environmentally friendly. This paper will review some of the research or application electrocoagulation process which is conducted on industrial waste water. Types of industrial waste water that is to be reviewed include: industries batik, sarongs, textiles, palm oil, slaughterhouses, food, leather tanning, laundry, pulp and paper. Overview reviewed in this research include the waste water treatment process in several processing variations such as: change in time, electricity and kind of electrodes. The results of the research with electrocoagulation process in the industry are the removal efficiency of TSS, COD, BOD5, Chrome, phosphate, surfactants, color turbidity influenced by several factors including time, strong current, voltage, distance and type of electrode and pH. The results of the study with electrocoagulation process in the industry is the removal efficiency of TSS, COD, BOD5, chromium, phosphate, surfactant, turbidity color that are influenced by several factors including time, strong current, voltage, distance and type of electrode and pH. It is hoped the information presented in this article can be a reference for similar research for the improvement of research on the process ektrokoagulasi.Key words: elektrocoagulation, removal eficiency, environmental friendly

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