System Functioning Efficiency and Other System Operational Properties: Research Problems, Evaluation Method

Introduction. The aim of this article is to conduct a theoretical analysis of the ethnic self-awareness of the Mordovians, the dynamics of interaction between the Russian and Mordovian mentalities in a multi-ethnic environment. To determine the general outline of ethnic processes in the global information space on the example of their intercultural communication competence. To identify the most significant trends in the transformation of ethnic identity and their globalization processes impact. To justify the need to address the study of the national identity of the Mordvins. Materials and Methods. The solution to research problems was provided by a set of complementary theoretical (scientific literature analysis of the problem under investigation, comparative analysis, comparison, generalization, systematization) and empirical (expert evaluation method) methods. Results. A number of preliminary observations were made, indicating the peculiarities of the problem under investigation (some experts perceive issues of ethnic identity very acutely. There are works in which attention is paid not so much to understanding the essence of the phenomenon as to its politicized interpretation). Positive (preservation of cultural identity) and negative (assimilation, depopulation, growth in the number of inter-ethnic contacts, contradictory nature of ethnic identity) trends in the development of ethnic consciousness of the Mordovian people are noted. Changes in ethnic self-awareness in the conditions of transformation of Russian society, as well as their consequences, are revealed. The issues of modern ethno-cultural vectors of development of Mordovian self-awareness are discussed. It is concluded that the development of the ethnic self-awaress of the Mordovian ethnic group in the context of globalization is quite successful, but requires serious intervention. Discussion and Conclusion. Ethnic self-awareness is associated with the development and construction of one’s own identity. Over the past two decades, under the influence of a number of factors, ethnic identity has been transformed. Despite the positive dynamics in the development of ethnic consciousness, the population of the Republic of Mordovia began to experience the renewal of culture, which is hindering the preservation of ethnic identity (gradual loss of ethnic identity, language). The catalyst for these trends is globalization, the influence of mass media, which replicate patterns of new behavior. Accordingly, it is necessary to have a competent and theoretically thought-out external and systematic activity of all structures of society that covers all spheres of life and responds to changes in society. A systematic, critically generalized analysis of socio-cultural processes, understanding and preserving elements of Mordovian culture, embedded in the process of social development is essential.

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Evaluation method for imaging plate resolution by means of phase contrast transfer function

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100139688 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 53 ◽

pp. 662-663 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

T. Oikawa ◽

H. Kosugi ◽

F. Hosokawa ◽

D. Shindo ◽

M. Kersker

Keyword(s):

Transfer Function ◽

Phase Contrast ◽

Evaluation Method ◽

Amorphous Film ◽

Imaging Plate ◽

X Rays ◽

Special Shape ◽

Contrast Transfer Function ◽

Contrast Image ◽

Specimen Shape

Evaluation of the resolution of the Imaging Plate (IP) has been attempted by some methods. An evaluation method for IP resolution, which is not influenced by hard X-rays at higher accelerating voltages, was proposed previously by the present authors. This method, however, requires truoblesome experimental preperations partly because specially synthesized hematite was used as a specimen, and partly because a special shape of the specimen was used as a standard image. In this paper, a convenient evaluation method which is not infuenced by the specimen shape and image direction, is newly proposed. In this method, phase contrast images of thin amorphous film are used.Several diffraction rings are obtained by the Fourier transformation of a phase contrast image of thin amorphous film, taken at a large under focus. The rings show the spatial-frequency spectrum corresponding to the phase contrast transfer function (PCTF). The envelope function is obtained by connecting the peak intensities of the rings. The evelope function is offten used for evaluation of the instrument, because the function shows the performance of the electron microscope (EM).

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Combining Values

Guides Newsletter ◽

10.1001/amaguidesnewsletters.2002.marapr01 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 1-4, 12 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Christopher R. Brigham

Keyword(s):

Lower Extremity ◽

Upper Extremity ◽

Evaluation Method ◽

Proximal Phalanx ◽

Common Error ◽

The Third ◽

Whole Person ◽

Impairment Ratings ◽

Upper Extremity Impairment ◽

The Individual

Abstract To account for the effects of multiple impairments, evaluating physicians must provide a summary value that combines multiple impairments so the whole person impairment is equal to or less than the sum of all the individual impairment values. A common error is to add values that should be combined and typically results in an inflated rating. The Combined Values Chart in the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment, Fifth Edition, includes instructions that guide physicians about combining impairment ratings. For example, impairment values within a region generally are combined and converted to a whole person permanent impairment before combination with the results from other regions (exceptions include certain impairments of the spine and extremities). When they combine three or more values, physicians should select and combine the two lowest values; this value is combined with the third value to yield the total value. Upper extremity impairment ratings are combined based on the principle that a second and each succeeding impairment applies not to the whole unit (eg, whole finger) but only to the part that remains (eg, proximal phalanx). Physicians who combine lower extremity impairments usually use only one evaluation method, but, if more than one method is used, the physician should use the Combined Values Chart.

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