Instrumenty polityki handlowej Unii Europejskiej a polski handel zagraniczny produktami rolno-spożywczymi / Trade policy instruments of the European Union versus the Polish foreign trade in agri-food products

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirosława Tereszczuk
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Trade Policy ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Food Products ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Polish Foreign

scholarly journals International Trade in Transport Services between Poland and the European Union

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 424
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Malkowska ◽  
Arkadiusz Malkowski
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Polish Economy ◽  
Polish Foreign

The structure of international trade in today’s global economy is undergoing transformation. The increase in the importance of services is a clear trend. In Polish foreign trade with the European Union countries, it is transport services that to the greatest extent create the trade surplus. These services significantly affect the environment, which makes it necessary to take measures aimed at the implementation of the green transport principles. The aim of the study was to provide a detailed description of transport services in Polish foreign trade with European Union (EU) countries and to assess the role of these services in Polish economy, including in terms of sustainable development. The study concerned transport services, consisting of four separate types: maritime transport, air transport, other transport services (except maritime and air) and postal and courier services. The time span of the study was 2010–2018. The latest secondary data from the official statistics of the National Bank of Poland and the Central Statistical Office were used for the purpose of the analysis. The research methods included: critical analysis of the source literature, analysis of secondary data (desk-research) and graphic methods (tables and diagrams), by means of which the results of the study were presented. The conclusions drawn are inductive and deductive in nature. The article describes in detail Polish trade in transport services with EU countries. It focuses on export, import and balance. The role of the examined services in foreign trade and Polish economy was assessed based on the analysis of the structure of export and import and the rate of export and import, geographical orientation of trade, as well as the activity of enterprises from the transport service sector, registered in Poland, including joint ventures. Research has shown that between 2010 and 2018 Polish export and import of transport services as part of trade relations with EU countries increased considerably. The conducted research indicates that transport services are a crucial element of Polish trade. The role of EU countries in the Polish trade in transport services was recognised as significant and growing. This has a positive impact on the country’s economy. The increasing role of road transport in the structure of the Polish trade indicates that Polish entities providing transport services are thriving in this demanding market. However, the analysis of the source literature indicated changes in the preferences of consumers, who increasingly often expect the implementation of sustainable development principles in the distribution of goods. Green marketing or green transport are concepts more and more frequently used to gain competitive advantage in the market. The transport sector in Poland is facing a major trend towards the implementation of sustainable development principles. In order to maintain sales growth internationally, the entities will have to implement sustainable development principles.

scholarly journals British-Slovak Foreign Trade Relations: Consequences of Brexit

2019 ◽  
pp. 341-353
Author(s):  
Marcel Kordos
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Current Status ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

The possibility of the UK's withdrawal from the European Union has never been more realistic and up-to-date since joining the European Communities (EC) as it is today. The UK is facing a unique situation. At present, this depends solely on the capabilities of European and British government officials, who negotiate the terms of withdrawal and future cooperation between the two entities. The main goal of this paper is based on the British – Slovak trade relations development analysis to figure out their impact within the Brexit consequences on the future Slovak economy and its current status in international economic relations. The paper also provides a basic overview of Brexit process and its possible impact on the EU's further functioning. Basic data will be drawn from generally accepted institutions, evaluating the UK and Slovak trade and economic performance. To accomplish this goal, methods such as analysis and comparison to illustrate the UK-Slovak foreign trade development, synthesis and logical deduction to discuss the Brexit impact on Slovak economic environment in the future are to be used; data from scientific and professional publications, periodical and non-periodical press. The paper presents the results of an empirical analysis, which showed that because of the size of economic relations between Slovakia and the United Kingdom and the number of goods and services being exported to the UK, the «hard» Brexit will be very unfavourable for Slovak foreign trade due to the possible tariffs being imposed. The research empirically confirms and theoretically proves that it can cause a significant weakening and slowdown in the Slovak economy. Either way, the upcoming Brexit process, that is the withdrawal of Great Britain from the European Union, would have a major impact not only on British, European but also on the world economy. The impact of Brexit on Slovakia's economy will not only be in reducing the possible growth of the economy, but also in employment and price increases. Keywords: EU single market, Britain's withdrawal from the EU, foreign trade policy instruments analysis, international economics, Slovak economy slowdown prediction, Slovak foreign trade commodity structure analysis.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF THE COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE IN POLISH FOREIGN TRADE IN FOOD AND NON-FOOD PRODUCTS ON THE WORLD AND EUROPEAN UNION MARKET

2019 ◽  
Vol XXI (1) ◽  
pp. 92-100
Author(s):  
Iwona Szczepaniak
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Relative Advantage ◽  
Trade Surplus ◽  
The World ◽  
Polish Foreign ◽  
The Eu

The progressive processes of globalisation, integration and liberalisation of economies are the reason for which the competitiveness of economic entities is increasingly analysed in the context of their links with the international market. One of the ways to assess competitiveness is to analyse the comparative (relative) advantage in trade in products of a given economic sector. The objective of the article is to assess the comparative advantage in Polish foreign trade in food and non-food products, both in total Polish trade and with European Union Member States. The studies used the RTA relative trade advantage index. The data source was the WITS-Comtrade commercial database. The studies show that, in the years 2004-2017, there was a rapid development of Polish foreign trade in food products, in particular with the EU, resulting in a high trade surplus. Trade in non-food products grew more slowly, and the trade balance was negative. It is shown that Poland had a comparative advantage and was competitive on the world market (also on the EU market) in trade in these products, but did not have such an advantage in total trade in non-food products. The results obtained indicate international competitiveness of the Polish food sector and its large importance for national trade and payment balance.

scholarly journals Comparative advantages in Polish export to the European Union — food products vs selected groups of non-food products

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-308
Author(s):  
Iwona Szczepaniak
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Food Products ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Food Sector ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Comparative Advantages ◽  
Research Period ◽  
The Eu

Research background: Globalisation and economic integration are the reasons for which the competitiveness of economic entities is analysed more and more often in the context of their relations with the international market. One of the ways to assess the competitiveness of the Polish food sector is an analysis of comparative (relative) advantages in the export of this sector’s products. Purpose of the article: The objective of this paper is to assess comparative advantages in Polish export of food products to the European Union against a background of selected groups of non-food products. Methods: The study used the B. Balassa’s revealed comparative advantage (RCA) index. The study is preceded by a brief review of foreign trade results. The source of data was the WITS-Comtrade commercial database. The analysis was carried out at the level of the HS sections (in commodity terms). The research period covered the years 2003–2015. Findings & Value added: In the years 2003–2015, export of food increased nearly six times and its import — more than 4.5 times. The major partners of Poland as regards trade in food were the EU countries. The food sector was one of few sectors of the economy with the positive trade balance. Polish export to the EU was characterised by a diversified level of comparative advantages. From among 20 HS sections, in 2015 Poland had comparative advantages in export to the EU countries for products from 10 sections (2 food and 8 non-food). Those products accounted for 11% and 70% of Polish export to the EU, respectively. The development of Polish foreign trade in food products during the Polish membership in the EU as well as fairly high comparative advantages in the export of these products to the EU indicate the competitiveness and significant importance of the Polish food sector for the national economy.

scholarly journals Foreign trade aspect of Serbia’s accession to the European Union

2013 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-364
Author(s):  
Stevan Rapaic ◽  
Dragana Dabic
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Trade Policy ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Foreign Trade Policy ◽  
Government Control ◽  
Association Agreement ◽  
Full Member ◽  
Common Trade ◽  
The Impact

From the past experience, most governments conclude that it is necessary to carry out carefully planned foreign trade policy based on a high degree of liberalization dosed with government control. This kind of foreign trade policy is being implemented both by Serbia and by the European Union, which established the Common Trade Policy (CTP) in 1957. Bearing in mind that Serbia has signed the Stabilization and Association Agreement striving to become a full member of the European Union, it is clear that, in due course, its foreign trade policy must be in line with the European one. This is not an easy task, because parallel to the process of accession to the EU, Serbia is conducting negotiations on accession to the World Trade Organization and those two processes are intertwined and connected. This paper analyses Serbia?s process of accession to the European Union and the impact of this process on its foreign trade policy as well as the future of its foreign trade relations with previous major partners.

Strategy for Internationalization of the Spanish Economy and Foreign Trade in Agri-Food Products

2020 ◽  
pp. 88-92
Author(s):  
A.M. Anikina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Spanish Economy ◽  
Foreign Markets

Spain is member of the European Union, one of the main countries – major producers and exporters of agricultural products. The article raises the positive dynamics of increasing the export of agricultural products, as well as the strategy for promoting these products on foreign markets. The article presents data on the main agricultural products produced in the country.

CHANGES IN THE INTERNATIONAL TRADE SALES OF APPLES IN POLAND AFTER the ACCESSION TO THE EUROPEAN UNION

2018 ◽  
Vol XX (3) ◽  
pp. 138-144
Author(s):  
Maria Rysz
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Positive Balance ◽  
Independent States ◽  
Bad Weather ◽  
Polish Foreign

The aim of the study was to determine the changes in Polish foreign trade in apples between 2004 and 2016. The paper analyses quantitative and valuable changes in export, import and the balance of Polish apples turnover. There are also presented main sales directions of apples in Poland. As shown in the data, the foreign trade of Polish apples has been continuously growing since the accession to the European Union. The data show that continuously since 2004, despite the turbulence in 2005-2008, 2014-2016 (Russian embargo and bad weather conditions in 2007 and 2010), there has been a positive balance in foreign trade. The main recipients of Polish apples in the analysed period were: countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States (Russia in 2004/2005 and 2008-2013, Belarus, Ukraine, Kazakhstan), new EU-13 Member States (including Romania, the Czech Republic, Lithuania and Latvia), “ old “EU-15 countries (mainly Germany), and after 2014, among others Serbia, Egypt, Bosnia and Herzegovina and the United Arab Emirates.

scholarly journals Comparative advantages in Polish export to the European Union — food products vs selected groups of non-food products

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-308
Author(s):  
Iwona Szczepaniak
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Food Products ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Food Sector ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Comparative Advantages ◽  
Research Period ◽  
The Eu

Research background: Globalisation and economic integration are the reasons for which the competitiveness of economic entities is analysed more and more often in the context of their relations with the international market. One of the ways to assess the competitiveness of the Polish food sector is an analysis of comparative (relative) advantages in the export of this sector’s products. Purpose of the article: The objective of this paper is to assess comparative advantages in Polish export of food products to the European Union against a background of selected groups of non-food products. Methods: The study used the B. Balassa’s revealed comparative advantage (RCA) index. The study is preceded by a brief review of foreign trade results. The source of data was the WITS-Comtrade commercial database. The analysis was carried out at the level of the HS sections (in commodity terms). The research period covered the years 2003–2015. Findings & Value added: In the years 2003–2015, export of food increased nearly six times and its import — more than 4.5 times. The major partners of Poland as regards trade in food were the EU countries. The food sector was one of few sectors of the economy with the positive trade balance. Polish export to the EU was characterised by a diversified level of comparative advantages. From among 20 HS sections, in 2015 Poland had comparative advantages in export to the EU countries for products from 10 sections (2 food and 8 non-food). Those products accounted for 11% and 70% of Polish export to the EU, respectively. The development of Polish foreign trade in food products during the Polish membership in the EU as well as fairly high comparative advantages in the export of these products to the EU indicate the competitiveness and significant importance of the Polish food sector for the national economy.

EVALUATION OF EXPORT DEVELOPMENT OPPORTUNITIES FROM TURKEY TO LITHUANIA

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnė JOTAUTAITĖ ◽  
Eglė JOTAUTIENĖ
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Database Analysis ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Agriculture Industry ◽  
Textile Products

In this paper, export opportunities of textile products from Turkey to Lithuania are analyzed. The main goal of this article is to present an analysis of the opportunities to import textile products from Turkey to Lithuania. The empirical research basing on the statistical database analysis was used. The analysis of Turkey’s markets was showed that the economy is strongly dependent on exports of various products from Turkey and it is about one forth of Turkey’s GDP (Gross Domestic Product). The bulk of exports from Turkey is t o countries in the European Union. Turkey is one of the world’s largest manufacturers and exporters of textiles. The analysis of Lithuanian markets was indicated that Lithuania has a feasible market for imports due to its fast growing GDP, increasing labor wages and modernization of agriculture industry. Furthermore, advantageous and adequate policies of Lithuania’s foreign trade should encourage the development of imports to this country. The demand for textile products in Lithuania is growing rapidly and it is one of the most important sectors in fostering its economy

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