Adenovirus keratoconjunctivitis: causative agent, epidemiology, clinical manifestations and treatment.

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A.N. Lukashev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Causative Agent ◽  
Clinical Manifestations

scholarly journals Highly Reduced Genome of the New Species Mycobacterium uberis, the Causative Agent of Nodular Thelitis and Tuberculoid Scrotitis in Livestock and a Close Relative of the Leprosy Bacilli

mSphere ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrej Benjak ◽  
Charlotte Avanzi ◽  
Yvonne Benito ◽  
Franck Breysse ◽  
Christophe Chartier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Causative Agent ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Close Relative ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mycobacterial Genome ◽  
Mycobacterium Lepromatosis ◽  
Dairy Animals ◽  
Phylogenomic Analyses

ABSTRACT Nodular thelitis is a chronic enzootic infection affecting dairy cows and goats. The causative agent was recently shown to be related to the leprosy-causing bacilli Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium lepromatosis. In this study, the genome of this pathogen was sequenced and analyzed. Phylogenomic analyses confirmed that the pathogen present in nodular thelitis and tuberculoid scrotitis is a distinct species related to the leprosy bacilli and Mycobacterium haemophilum. Because the pathogen was originally isolated from a bovine udder, it was named “Mycobacterium uberis.” The genome of “M. uberis” is only 3.12 Mb in length, which represents the smallest mycobacterial genome identified so far but which is close to that of leprosy bacilli in size. The genome contains 1,759 protein-coding genes and 1,081 pseudogenes, indicative of extensive reductive evolution and likely the reason that M. uberis cannot be grown axenically. The pseudogenization and genome reduction in M. uberis seem to have been to some extent independent from the results determined for the genomes of the leprosy bacilli. IMPORTANCE M. uberis is an emerging skin pathogen in dairy animals. Its genome underwent massive reduction and gene decay, leading to a minimal set of genes required for an obligatory intracellular lifestyle, which highly resembles the evolution of the leprosy agents M. leprae and M. lepromatosis. The genomic similarity between M. uberis and the leprosy bacilli can help in identifying key virulence factors of these closely related species or in identifying genes responsible for the distinct differences between thelitis or scrotitis and leprosy with respect to clinical manifestations. Specific DNA markers can now be developed for quick detection of this pathogen.

scholarly journals Anisakiasis Pada Ikan Laut Di Indonesia: Prevalensi, Sebaran Dan Potensi Patogenitasnya Pada Manusia

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Forman Erwin Siagian ◽  
Esy Maryanti
Keyword(s):  
Causative Agent ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Marine Fishes ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Nematode Worm ◽  
Global Data

Nematode worm Anisakis sp is the causative agent of anisakiasis, a zoonosis which continues to be a health problem in humans, globally. Its clinical spectum varies from mild to very severe and always connected with sea fishes, one important source of nutrition for the community that cannot be ignored. In addition, consumer’s behavior and lifestyle in processing and consuming sea fishes also have has the potency as the predisposing factor for its transmission and clinical manifestations. This review article aimed to describes recent global data on anisakiasis and its occurrence in marine fishes of Indonesian waters and the risk of transmission in the community.

Cases of Q fever detected in residents of the novosibirsk region hospitalized with suspection of infections transmitted by ticks

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 229-236
Author(s):  
E. I. Bondarenko ◽  
E. S. Filimonova ◽  
E. I. Krasnova ◽  
E. V. Krinitsina ◽  
S. E. Tkachev
Keyword(s):  
Causative Agent ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Laboratory Diagnostics ◽  
Novosibirsk Region ◽  
Complex Approach ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Republic

Coxiella burnetii is the causative agent of Q fever (coxiellosis), which, in addition to acute manifestations, often occurs in a latent form, is prone to chronic course and, in the absence of antibiotic therapy, has a high risk of disability or death. As a result of the presence of a wide range of clinical manifestations specific to other infectious diseases, the use of laboratory test methods (LTM) is required to make a diagnosis. The presence of Q fever anthropurgic foci in the Novosibirsk region was described in the 90s of the last century, but due attention to its laboratory diagnostics is not paid in this region. The aim of the study was to identify genetic and serological markers of the causative agent, C. burnetii, in patients of the Novosibirsk region who were admitted for treatment with fever with suspected tick-borne infections (TBIs). DNA marker of the causative agent of Q fever was detected in blood samples by real time PCR in 9 out of 325 patients. In three patients, the presence of C. burnetii DNA was confirmed by sequencing of the IS1111 and htpB gene fragments. In ELISA tests, antibodies against the causative agent of coxiellosis were detected in the blood sera of 4 patients with positive results of PCR analysis. Contact with tick was registered in 7 out of 9 patients who had C. burnetii DNA and lacked markers of other TBIs. Six people were infected in the Novosibirsk region, two suffered from tick’s bite in Altai, and one case was from the Republic of Kyrgyzstan. Thus, a complex approach using both PCR analysis and ELISA provided the identification of markers of the Q fever causative agent in patients admitted with suspected TBIs, thereby differentiating it from other infections. Contact with ticks in most cases suggests that infection with C. burnetii had a transmissible pathway.

scholarly journals COVID-19: A Thunderstorm for mankind

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-93
Author(s):  
Ham Nazmul Ahasan ◽  
Musavvir Samin
Keyword(s):  
Causative Agent ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Hubei Province ◽  
Viral Pneumonia ◽  
Medical Professionals ◽  
New Findings

In December 2019 an outbreak of viral pneumonia occurredinWuhan, Hubei Province of People’sRepublic of China (PRC). Later, it was found the responsible virus was SARS-CoV-2 and WHOrecognized it as a Pandemic on 11th March 2020. As of 15th July, in 213 countries, 580,038 deathshave occurred among 13,382,020 cases. Currently, many research are going on throughout theworld and they are coming up with new findings and observations every day. Based on the currentpublished literatures, this review systemically summarizes up to date information regarding structureof the causative agent, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatmentoptions of COVID-19 in the hope that it will add to the knowledge of medical professionals andformulate better plans for future. Bangladesh J Medicine July 2020; 31(2) :81-93

Neurological and psychological aspects of COVID-19 infection (literature review)

2021 ◽  
pp. 36-49
Author(s):  
Svetlana Viktorovna Bulgakova ◽  
Natalya Olegovna Zakharova ◽  
Ekaterina Vyacheslavovna Treneva ◽  
Alla Valentinovna Nikolaeva
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Psychological Disorders ◽  
Psychological Aspects ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Rehabilitation Measures ◽  
Need For Rehabilitation

The SARS-CoV-2 virus is the causative agent of the COVID-19 pandemic. The spectrum of clinical manifestations ranges from asymptomatic to critical, life threatening. COVID-19 is known to be a multi-organ disease, not just the respiratory system. It also becomes obvious that neurological and psychological disorders that occur during the acute phase of infection can persist in the postmorbid period, which dictates the need for rehabilitation measures. This literature review is devoted to the analysis of data on the pathogenesis, clinic, rehabilitation of neurological, psychological manifestations of COVID-19 (neuro-COVID), prospects for further research.

scholarly journals RABBIT POX

1934 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 441-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry S. N. Greene
Keyword(s):  
Causative Agent ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Intimate Relationship ◽  
Endothelial Damage ◽  
Breeding Colony ◽  
Atypical Form ◽  
Small Nodule ◽  
Small Pox ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Extensive Necrosis

The lesions found in animals with epidemic rabbit pox have been described in this paper. The most distinctive gross lesion in all organs and tissues was the small nodule or papule which was found to consist of mononuclear infiltration and necrosis. Diffuse lesions were also found in which the infiltration was widespread and accompanied by edema, hemorrhage and extensive necrosis of affected tissues and organs. The possibility of the diffuse lesions being due to the action of secondary invaders was considered, but available evidence indicated that the different types, including pneumonia, represented reactions to a single causative agent. Moreover, an intimate relationship was observed to exist between lesions and small blood vessels in which primary endothelial damage was usually apparent. The degree of vascular damage generally corresponded to the extent of the lesion and it is probable that this in turn corresponded to the dose of the causative agent. The close analogy between the clinical manifestations and pathological processes of this disease in the rabbit and small pox in man led to the conclusion that the disease in the rabbit is essentially the same as small pox, and that it is probably produced by a virus closely related to the virus of small pox. Available evidence indicated that the infection originated in the Institute and that it spread in atypical form or masked by some other disease until it reached the breeding colony as a clearly defined epidemic infection.

scholarly journals COMPLEMENT FIXATION TESTS IN CHRONIC INFECTIVE DEFORMING ARTHRITIS AND ARTHRITIS DEFORMANS

1914 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. W. Hastings
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Complement Fixation ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Streptococcus Viridans ◽  
Arthritis Deformans ◽  
Comparison Of The Results

1. From a comparison of the results with arthritis deformans recorded in tables III, IV, and VI, and with the control cases recorded in table VII, one is justified in concluding that Streptococcus viridans is an infectious agent and excites the production of a complement-fixing substance (fixateur) in the organism in cases of arthritis deformans, and, therefore, Streptococcus viridans is the probable causative agent of the disease in many cases of arthritis deformans. Probably 40 per cent. and more of cases of arthritis deformans should be considered as chronic infective deforming arthritis. 2. Rarely the clinical manifestations of arthritis deformans may be due to gonococcus infection. 3. The serum from one case may react positively to two different organisms, most frequently to Streptococcus viridans and to gonococcus, when the reaction to the former should be considered the indicator of the causative agent, since with the latter infection is often latent in the genito-urinary tract. Incidence of gonococcus infection is high and the clinical manifestations of arthritis deformans are rarely produced by gonococcus infection.

scholarly journals Disseminated Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Colombia: Report of 27 Cases

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iván D. Vélez ◽  
Alejandra Jiménez ◽  
Daniel Vásquez ◽  
Sara M. Robledo
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Mixed Race ◽  
Upper Extremities ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Kala Azar ◽  
Clinical Presentations

Disseminated leishmaniasis (DL) is a poorly described disease that is frequently misdiagnosed as other clinical manifestations of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) such as diffuse CL or post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis. Twenty-seven cases of DL diagnosed between 1997 and 2015 are described. A higher prevalence was observed in men (mean age 32 years). The number of lesions per patient ranged from 12 to 294, distributed mainly in the upper extremities, face and trunk. The lesions were mostly plaques or nodules. Seven patients had nasal mucous damage, 74% of the patients were of mixed race, 92% lived in northwestern Colombia, and Leishmania (Viannia) panamensis was identified as the causative agent in 58% of cases. Eighteen patients recovered with pentavalent antimonial. The importance of distinguishing DL from those other clinical presentations is based on the fact that disseminated, diffuse and post-kala-azar CL are very different in etiology, clinical manifestations and response to treatment and prognosis.

scholarly journals Actinomycosis: A multidisciplinary approach to a clinical problem

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milomir Djokic ◽  
Vesna Begovic ◽  
Slobodan Loncarevic ◽  
Rajko Vulovic ◽  
Jovan Dimitrijevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Causative Agent ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Clinical Problem ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Intermittent Fever ◽  
Genital Tract Infection ◽  
Thoracic Pain ◽  
Drug Of Choice ◽  
Infected Area ◽  
High Doses

Actinomycosis is caused by microorganisms of the Actinomyces species, found in the oral cavity, gastrointestinal and genital tract. Infection by Actimomyces species mainly causes chronic supurative disease of the oral cervico-facial, thoracic, and abdominal regions. Clinical manifestations have been described at every level, but the disease is relatively rarely diagnosed. The causative agent is considered to be an opportunistic pathogen associated with infection, trauma, surgical procedures, or associated with a neoplasm or foreign body. Symptoms include intermittent fever, weight loss abdominal or thoracic pain, pseudotumor and tumor masses, and local symptoms from the infected area. Pseudotumor and tumor masses are diagnosed by ultrasonography and computerized tomography. The diagnosis is confirmed by the presence of a causative agent in biopsy or surgically acquired samples. The treatment includes the administration of high doses of antibiotics (penicillin, amoxicillin, ceftriaxone) for at least 6-12 months, as well as surgical tretment. Penicillin is a drug of choice. This infection is often polymicrobial, so that antibiotic therapy should include agents that act against the associated pathogens. Treatment outcome and prognosis in these three cases were excellent, despite the prolonged course of the extensive disease.

scholarly journals Malaria in pregnancy in Hodiedah, Republic of Yemen

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 245-253
Author(s):  
A. M. Assabri ◽  
A. A. Muharram
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Pregnant Woman ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Malaria In Pregnancy ◽  
Laboratory Investigations ◽  
The Republic ◽  
In Pregnancy ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

In the Republic of Yemen, Plasmodium falciparum is the predominant causative agent of malaria and is associated with adverse consequences for pregnant women and their babies. The prevalence and clinical manifestations of malaria among 500 pregnant [260] and non-pregnant [240] women were compared. Clinical examinations, laboratory investigations and a structured questionnaire were used to collect data. The prevalence of malaria was higher among pregnant women [55%] than non-pregnant women [20%]. Anaemia was significantly more prevalent among pregnant woman than non-pregnant women and also more prevalent in pregnant women with malaria than non-pregnant women with malaria.

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