Agglomeration, Industrial Districts and Industry Clusters: Trends of the 21st Century Literature

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett Anitra Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Industrial Districts ◽  
Industry Clusters ◽  
21St Century Literature ◽  
Century Literature

scholarly journals Biodeterioration of Glass-Based Historical Building Materials: An Overview of the Heritage Literature from the 21st Century

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (20) ◽  
pp. 9552
Author(s):  
Maria Filomena Macedo ◽  
Márcia Gomes Vilarigues ◽  
Mathilda L. Coutinho
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Stained Glass ◽  
Biodiversity Data ◽  
Historical Building ◽  
Real Samples ◽  
21St Century Literature ◽  
Cyanobacteria And Algae ◽  
Century Literature

The main goal of this work was to review the 21st century literature (2000 to 2021) regarding the biological colonisation and biodeterioration of glass-based historical building materials, particularly stained glass and glazed tiles. One of the main objectives of this work was to list and systematize the glass-colonising microorganisms identified on stained glass and glazed tiles. Biodiversity data indicate that fungi and bacteria are the main colonisers of stained-glass windows. Glazed tiles are mainly colonised by microalgae and cyanobacteria. Several studies have identified microorganisms on stained glass, but fewer studies have been published concerning glazed tiles. The analysis of colonised samples is a vital mechanism to understand biodeterioration, particularly for identifying the colonising organisms and deterioration patterns on real samples. However, the complexity of the analysis of materials with high biodiversity makes it very hard to determine which microorganism is responsible for the biodeteriogenic action. The authors compared deterioration patterns described in case studies with laboratory-based colonisation experiments, showing that many deterioration patterns and corrosion products are similar. A working group should develop guidelines or standards for laboratory experiments on fungi, bacteria, cyanobacteria, and algae on stained glass and glazed tiles.

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