scholarly journals GENDER BIAS AND CHILD LABOR: SPAIN, LATIN AMERICA AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES FROM A LONG-TERM COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE*

2016 ◽  
pp. 57-72
Author(s):  
Enriqueta Camps-Cura
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Gender Bias ◽  
Child Labor ◽  
Comparative Perspective

scholarly journals May Circular Economy make sustainability strategies financially rewarding in Latin America?

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (70) ◽  
pp. e1011489
Author(s):  
Carlos Scheel
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Latin America ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Environmental Crisis ◽  
Citizen Education ◽  
Linear Chains ◽  
Sustainability Strategies

Is it possible to solve the tremendous economic-environmental policy challenges imposed on developing countries' industries and governments due to the intense demands by international organizations to restrain the crisis of global warming? Let us look at some initiatives proposed to address the environmental crisis: By means of greenwashing the conventional linear chains of the most polluting industries. Through public policies and strict legislation, with exorbitant fines. Through extreme citizen education efforts. Through innovative technologies. The answer is none of the above. Even with the technological advancements and the growth of markets, and the governments' ambitious long-term commitments, the likelihood of adherence thereto is almost nil, mainly for developing countries, if something drastic, disruptive and comprehensive is not carried out.

Populism and Political Representation

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth M. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
Comparative Perspective ◽  
The Political ◽  
Institutional Conditions ◽  
Political Exclusion ◽  
Natural Means

This article examines populism as a mode of political representation from a cross-regional, comparative perspective and considers some explanations as to why it appears to be thriving and, arguably, spreading in many developing countries. It begins by considering the political and economic conceptualizations of populism, particularly in Latin America and with respect to its logic in the cultural, or ideational, dimension of politics. It then discusses the structural and institutional conditions for populism, such as democracy, authoritarianism, and civil society. The article argues that populism is a natural means of appealing to and incorporating mass political constituencies characterized by weak or widely discredited representative institutions, where many citizens are marginalized or alienated from such institutions due to socioeconomic or political exclusion.

scholarly journals The Historical Origins of Poverty in Developing Countries

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sambit Bhattacharyya
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
Colonial History ◽  
Unified Framework ◽  
Historical Factors ◽  
Historical Origins

This article explores the historical origins of poverty and the root causes of poverty in developing countries. It first considers the theories that explain the root causes (geography, disease, colonial history, slave trade, culture, and technology) of poverty before describing a novel, unified framework that unites these theories. The central thesis is that Western Europe benefited from favorable geography that led to highly productive agriculture, food surpluses, and institutions conducive to development. In contrast, Africa continues to suffer from unfavorable geography and disease. Institutional weaknesses in Latin America and Russia explain their relatively weak long-term economic performance. The article argues that these historical factors matter for contemporary patterns of development across the globe.

The influence of inflation targeting on the pass-through effect of the exchange rate

2018 ◽  
pp. 70-84
Author(s):  
Ph. S. Kartaev ◽  
Yu. I. Yakimova
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Inflation Targeting ◽  
Policy Regime ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
The Exchange Rate ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
The Impact

The paper studies the impact of the transition to the inflation targeting regime on the magnitude of the pass-through effect of the exchange rate to prices. We analyze cross-country panel data on developed and developing countries. It is shown that the transition to this regime of monetary policy contributes to a significant reduction in both the short- and long-term pass-through effects. This decline is stronger in developing countries. We identify the main channels that ensure the influence of the monetary policy regime on the pass-through effect, and examine their performance. In addition, we analyze the data of time series for Russia. It was concluded that even there the transition to inflation targeting led to a decrease in the dependence of the level of inflation on fluctuations in the ruble exchange rate.

Markets, Technological Change and Economic Growth (The Quaid-i-Azam Lecture)

1994 ◽  
Vol 33 (4I) ◽  
pp. 327-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard G. Lipsey
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
The United States ◽  
Industrial Countries ◽  
Canadian Institute ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
Short Time

I am honoured to be invited to give this lecture before so distinguished an audience of development economists. For the last 21/2 years I have been director of a project financed by the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research and composed of a group of scholars from Canada, the United States, and Israel.I Our brief is to study the determinants of long term economic growth. Although our primary focus is on advanced industrial countries such as my own, some of us have come to the conclusion that there is more common ground between developed and developing countries than we might have first thought. I am, however, no expert on development economics so I must let you decide how much of what I say is applicable to economies such as your own. Today, I will discuss some of the grand themes that have arisen in my studies with our group. In the short time available, I can only allude to how these themes are rooted in our more detailed studies. In doing this, I must hasten to add that I speak for myself alone; our group has no corporate view other than the sum of our individual, and very individualistic, views.

Nesting Expectations: What Can the Mexican and Argentinean Cash Transfers Tell Us about the Development of Development?

1969 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-169
Author(s):  
Andrés Dapuez
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Cash Transfers ◽  
Conditional Cash Transfers ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Transfer Programs

Latin American cash transfer programs have been implemented aiming at particular anticipatory scenarios. Given that the fulfillment of cash transfer objectives can be calculated neither empirically nor rationally a priori, I analyse these programs in this article using the concept of an “imaginary future.” I posit that cash transfer implementers in Latin America have entertained three main fictional expectations: social pacification in the short term, market inclusion in the long term, and the construction of a more distributive society in the very long term. I classify and date these developing expectations into three waves of conditional cash transfers implementation.

Populism and Polarization in Comparative Perspective: Constitutive, Spatial and Institutional Dimensions

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Kenneth M. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Political Competition ◽  
Electoral Competition ◽  
Comparative Perspective ◽  
Political Polarization ◽  
Political Agenda ◽  
The Political ◽  
Consistent Effect ◽  
The Us ◽  
Issue Dimensions

Abstract Polarization may be the most consistent effect of populism, as it is integral to the logic of constructing populist subjects. This article distinguishes between constitutive, spatial and institutional dimensions of polarization, adopting a cross-regional comparative perspective on different subtypes of populism in Europe, Latin America and the US. It explains why populism typically arises in contexts of low political polarization (the US being a major, if partial, outlier), but has the effect of sharply increasing polarization by constructing an anti-establishment political frontier, politicizing new policy or issue dimensions, and contesting democracy's institutional and procedural norms. Populism places new issues on the political agenda and realigns partisan and electoral competition along new programmatic divides or political cleavages. Its polarizing effects, however, raise the stakes of political competition and intensify conflict over the control of key institutional sites.

scholarly journals Globalization and educational inequality during the 18th to 20th centuries: Latin America in global comparison

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joerg Baten ◽  
Christina Mumme
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Educational Inequality ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Global Comparison ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Rich

AbstractThis paper explores the inequality of numeracy and education by studying school years and numeracy of the rich and poor, as well as of tall and short individuals. To estimate numeracy, the age-heaping method is used for the 18th to early 20th centuries. Testing the hypothesis that globalization might have increased the inequality of education, we find evidence that 19th century globalization actually increased inequality in Latin America, but 20th century globalization had positive effects by reducing educational inequality in a broader sample of developing countries. Moreover, we find strong evidence for Kuznets’s inverted U hypothesis, that is, rising educational inequality with GDP per capita in the period until 1913 and the opposite after 1945.

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