Island Colonization of Carabidae: Neutrality or Habitat Choice?

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Zalewskia ◽  
Werner Ulrich
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Heterogeneity ◽  
Habitat Choice ◽  
Ground Beetles ◽  
Dispersal Ability ◽  
Wing Development ◽  
Neutral Model ◽  
Rank Tests ◽  
Island Colonization ◽  
Species Pairs ◽  
Significant Factors

Carabidae of 15 island and two forested mainland sites from the largest archipelago in Poland, the Mazurian Lake Mamry, were sampled to infer whether island colonization can be linked to habitat heterogeneity and island isolation or whether a previously applied neutral model explains observed spatial distributions best. Kruskall-Wallis rank tests and regression analysis did not point to wing development (a proxy for dispersal ability), island isolation, and heterogeneity as significant factors that influence occupancy. Subsequent analysis of species co-occurrences and nestedness pointed to random pairwise species associations. Co-occurrence analysis of all species pairs found many fewer significantly non-random species pairs (at the 5% error benchmark) than expected by chance. These results do not point to habitat selection by ground beetles but rather favor the view that island colonization is a random process that is best modeled from a neutral perspective.

scholarly journals The Effect of Landscape on the Diversity in Urban Green Areas

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 613-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Kirichenko-Babko ◽  
Grzegorz Łagód ◽  
Dariusz Majerek ◽  
Małgorzata Franus ◽  
Roman Babko
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Ground Beetles ◽  
Dispersal Ability ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Natural Landscape ◽  
Urban Green ◽  
Urban Green Areas ◽  
Green Areas ◽  
High Species Richness ◽  
The City

Abstract This article presented the results of a comparative analysis of carabid species compositions (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in urban green areas of the City of Lublin, Eastern Poland. In this study, the occurrence and abundance of ground beetles were analysed according to habitat preference and dispersal ability. A total of 65 carabid species were found in the three green areas. Obviously, the high species richness of ground beetles in the greenery of the Lublin is determined by the mostly undeveloped floodplain of the river Bystrzyca. The species richness of carabids and their relative abundance decrease in the assemblage of green areas under the effect of isolation of green patches and fragmentation of the semi-natural landscape elements in the urban environment. Generalists and open-habitat species significantly prevailed in all green areas. The prevailing of riparian and forest species at floodplain sites of the river Bystrzyca demonstrated the existence of a connection of the carabid assemblage with landscape of river valley. The Saski Park and gully “Rury” are more influenced by urbanization (fragmentation, isolation of green patches) and recreation that is consistent with the significant prevalence of open-habitats species in the carabid beetle assemblage.

scholarly journals A simple spatially explicit neutral model explains range size distribution of reef fishes

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Alzate ◽  
Thijs Janzen ◽  
Dries Bonte ◽  
James Rosindell ◽  
Rampal S. Etienne
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Reef Fishes ◽  
Range Size ◽  
Monte Carlo Algorithm ◽  
Dispersal Ability ◽  
Spatially Explicit ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Neutral Model ◽  
Dispersal Events

AbstractAimThe great variation in range sizes among species has fascinated ecologists for decades. In reef-associated fish species, which live in fragmented habitats and adopt a wide range of dispersal strategies, we may expect species with greater dispersal ability to spread over larger ranges. However, empirical evidence for such a positive relationship between dispersal and range size in reef fishes remains scarce. Here, we unveil the more nuanced role of dispersal on the range size distribution of reef associated fishes using empirical data and a novel spatially explicit model.LocationTropical Eastern PacificMajor taxa studiedReef-associated fishesMethodsWe estimated range size distributions for six different guilds of all reef-associated fishes with different dispersal abilities. We used a one-dimensional spatially explicit neutral model, which simulates the distribution of species along a linear coastline to explored the effect of dispersal, speciation and sampling on the distribution of range sizes. Our model adopts a more realistic gradual speciation process (protracted speciation) and incorporates important long distance dispersal events with a fat-tail dispersal kernel. We simulated our model using a highly efficient coalescence approach, which guarantees the metacommunity, is sampled at dynamic equilibrium. We fitted the model to the empirical data using an approximate Bayesian computation approach, with a sequential Monte Carlo algorithm.ResultsStochastic birth, death, speciation and dispersal events alone can accurately explain empirical range size distributions for six different guilds of tropical, reef-associated fishes. Variation in range size distributions among guilds are explained purely by differences in dispersal ability with the best dispersers covering larger ranges.Main conclusionsA simple combination of neutral processes with guild-specific dispersal ability provides a general explanation for both within- and across-guild range size variation. Our results support the theoretically expected, but empirically much debated, hypothesis that dispersal promotes range size.

scholarly journals A DNA barcode library for ground beetles of Germany: the genus Agonum Bonelli, 1810 (Insecta, Coleoptera, Carabidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-207
Author(s):  
Michael J. Raupach ◽  
Karsten Hannig ◽  
Jérome Morinière ◽  
Lars Hendrich
Keyword(s):  
Ground Beetle ◽  
Dna Barcode ◽  
Ground Beetles ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Dna Barcodes ◽  
Intraspecific Variations ◽  
Species Pairs ◽  
Large Genus ◽  
Total Dna ◽  
The Given

The ground beetle genus Agonum Bonelli, 1810 is a large genus of the tribe Platynini with many species that show high amounts of intraspecific variations, making a correct identification challenging. As part of the German Barcode of Life initiative, this publication provides a comprehensive DNA barcode library for species of Agonum that are reported for Germany. In total, DNA barcodes from 258 beetles and 23 species were analysed using the Barcode of Life Data System (BOLD) workbench, including sequences from former studies and 68 newly-generated sequences. The neighbour-joining analyses, based on K2P distances, revealed distinct clustering for all studied species, with unique Barcode Index Numbers (BINs) for 15 species (65%). BIN sharing but distinct clustering was found for three species pairs: Agonum micans/Agonum scitulum, Agonum impressum/Agonum sexpunctatum and Agonum duftschmidi/Agonum emarginatum. The given dataset and its analysis represent another important step in generating a comprehensive DNA barcode library for the ground beetles of Germany and Central Europe in terms of modern biodiversity research.

scholarly journals A DNA barcode library for ground beetles of Germany: the genus Amara Bonelli, 1810 (Insecta, Coleoptera, Carabidae)

ZooKeys ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 759 ◽  
pp. 57-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Raupach ◽  
Karsten Hannig ◽  
Jérôme Morinière ◽  
Lars Hendrich
Keyword(s):  
Dna Barcode ◽  
Ground Beetles ◽  
Dna Barcodes ◽  
Haplotype Sharing ◽  
Reference Library ◽  
Considerable Difficulty ◽  
Molecular Species Identification ◽  
Difficult Genus ◽  
Species Pairs ◽  
Extensive Reference

The genus Amara Bonelli, 1810 is a very speciose and taxonomically difficult genus of the Carabidae. The identification of many of the species is accomplished with considerable difficulty, in particular for females and immature stages. In this study the effectiveness of DNA barcoding, the most popular method for molecular species identification, was examined to discriminate various species of this genus from Central Europe. DNA barcodes from 690 individuals and 47 species were analysed, including sequences from previous studies and more than 350 newly generated DNA barcodes. Our analysis revealed unique BINs for 38 species (81%). Interspecific K2P distances below 2.2% were found for three species pairs and one species trio, including haplotype sharing between Amaraalpina/Amaratorrida and Amaracommunis/Amaraconvexior/Amaramakolskii. This study represents another step in generating an extensive reference library of DNA barcodes for carabids, highly valuable bioindicators for characterizing disturbances in various habitats.

scholarly journals Geographic and subsequent biotic isolations led to a diversity anomaly of Heterotropa (Aristolochiaceae) in insular versus continental regions of the Sino-Japanese Floristic Region

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daiki Takahashi ◽  
Yu Feng ◽  
Shota Sakaguchi ◽  
Yuji Isagi ◽  
Ying-Xiong Qiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Floral Traits ◽  
Dispersal Ability ◽  
Geographic Isolation ◽  
Floral Trait ◽  
Trait Evolution ◽  
Climatic Oscillations ◽  
Distribution Ranges ◽  
Species Pairs

AbstractThe Sino-Japanese Floristic Region is highly diverse with respect to temperate plants. However, the reasons for this diversity are poorly understood because most studies have only considered geographic isolation caused by climatic oscillations. Heterotropa (genus Asarum; Aristolochiaceae) diverges here and shows high species diversity in insular systems (63 species) compared to continental areas (25 species). Heterotropa shows low dispersal ability with small distribution ranges, implying diversification by geographic events, and high floral diversity, implying pollinator-mediated diversification. To reveal how abiotic and biotic factors have shaped the diversity anomaly of Heterotropa, we conducted phylogenetic analysis using ddRAD-seq and chloroplast genome datasets including 79 species, estimation of floral trait evolution, and comparison of isolation factors within clades based on distribution range and floral trait analysis. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that Heterotropa originated in mainland China and expanded to the Japanese Archipelago in the Miocene, and the major clades almost correspond to geographic distributions. Floral traits evolved repeatedly in the tip nodes within the clades. Although the major clades include a high proportion of species pairs showing isolation by floral traits, there are no conditional relationships between two isolation factors, indicating that most species pairs with floral trait isolation are distributed allopatrically. The repeated exposure and submergence of land-bridges caused by climatic oscillations would have led to significant population fragmentation in insular systems. Thus, the diversity anomaly of Heterotropa would have resulted from geographic and climatic events during the Miocene, while subsequent repeated floral trait evolution would have followed geographic isolation during the Pleistocene.

The significance of topographic complexity in habitat selection and persistence of a declining marsupial in the Kimberley region of Western Australia

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosemary Hohnen ◽  
Katherine Tuft ◽  
Sarah Legge ◽  
Naomi Walters ◽  
Lucy Johanson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Selection ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Habitat Heterogeneity ◽  
Fire History ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Habitat Choice ◽  
North West ◽  
Topographic Complexity ◽  
The North

Mammalian species in northern Australia are declining. The resources that many species from this region require to persist in the landscape remain poorly understood. We examined habitat selection and diet of the scaly-tailed possum (Wyulda squamicaudata, hereafter called Wyulda) in the north-west Kimberley, Western Australia, in relation to variation in complexity of rocky habitat, habitat heterogeneity, and recent fire history. We fitted GPS tags to 23 Wyulda between January 2013 and February 2014 and analysed step selection between GPS fixes to describe habitat choice. We assessed diet by microscopic analysis of plant fragments from 47 faecal samples. Individual Wyulda preferentially foraged in locations with high rock complexity and high habitat heterogeneity in a wide variety of habitats, but denned exclusively in complex rock piles. They used savannas of a range of post-fire ages, including recently burnt (1–2 months after fire) and long unburnt (>24 months after fire). They were highly frugivorous with, on average, 77% of plant fragments per scat sample identified as fruit epidermal layers. Overall, rock complexity appears to be an important landscape attribute for Wyulda, as it may provide den sites and protect fire-sensitive landscape features such as fruiting trees and habitat heterogeneity.

scholarly journals A DNA barcode library for ground beetles of Germany: the genus Pterostichus Bonelli, 1810 and allied taxa (Insecta, Coleoptera, Carabidae)

ZooKeys ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 980 ◽  
pp. 93-117
Author(s):  
Michael J. Raupach ◽  
Karsten Hannig ◽  
Jérome Morinière ◽  
Lars Hendrich
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Ground Beetle ◽  
Dna Barcode ◽  
Ground Beetles ◽  
Dna Barcodes ◽  
Haplotype Sharing ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Biodiversity Research ◽  
Species Pairs

Species of the ground beetle genus Pterostichus Bonelli, 1810 are some of the most common carabids in Europe. This publication provides a first comprehensive DNA barcode library for this genus and allied taxa including Abax Bonelli, 1810, Molops Bonelli, 1810, Poecilus Bonelli, 1810, and Stomis Clairville, 1806 for Germany and Central Europe in general. DNA barcodes were analyzed from 609 individuals that represent 51 species, including sequences from previous studies as well as more than 198 newly generated sequences. The results showed a 1:1 correspondence between BIN and traditionally recognized species for 44 species (86%), whereas two (4%) species were characterized by two BINs. Three BINs were found for one species (2%), while one BIN for two species was revealed for two species pairs (8%). Low interspecific distances with maximum pairwise K2P values below 2.2% were found for four species pairs. Haplotype sharing was found for two closely related species pairs: Pterostichus adstrictus Eschscholtz, 1823/Pterostichus oblongopunctatus (Fabricius, 1787) and Pterostichus nigrita Paykull, 1790/Pterostichus rhaeticus Heer, 1837. In contrast to this, high intraspecific sequence divergences with values above 2.2% were shown for three species (Molops piceus (Panzer, 1793), Pterostichus panzeri (Panzer, 1805), Pterostichus strenuus (Panzer, 1793)). Summarizing the results, the present DNA barcode library does not only allow the identification of most of the analyzed species, but also provides valuable information for alpha-taxonomy as well as for ecological and evolutionary research. This library represents another step in building a comprehensive DNA barcode library of ground beetles as part of modern biodiversity research.

Ethnogeriatrics: Development and Application of the Cohort Analysis Tool

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-52
Author(s):  
Melen McBride
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Speech Language Pathology ◽  
Clinical Tool ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Practice Teaching ◽  
Language Pathology ◽  
Significant Factors

Ethnogeriatrics is an evolving specialty in geriatric care that focuses on the health and aging issues in the context of culture for older adults from diverse ethnic backgrounds. This article is an introduction to ethnogeriatrics for healthcare professionals including speech-language pathologists (SLPs). This article focuses on significant factors that contributed to the development of ethnogeriatrics, definitions of some key concepts in ethnogeriatrics, introduces cohort analysis as a teaching and clinical tool, and presents applications for speech-language pathology with recommendations for use of cohort analysis in practice, teaching, and research activities.

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