scholarly journals Simulated Sky

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Georg Zotti ◽  
Susanne M. Hoffmann ◽  
Alexander Wolf ◽  
Fabien Chéreau ◽  
Guillaume Chéreau
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Knowledge Transfer ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Transdisciplinary Research ◽  
Personal Computers ◽  
Open Source Project ◽  
The Rich

For centuries, the rich nocturnal environment of the starry sky could be modelled only by analogue tools such as paper planispheres, atlases, globes and numerical tables. The immersive sky simulator of the twentieth century, the optomechanical planetarium, provided new ways for representing and teaching about the sky, but the high construction and running costs meant that they have not become common. However, in recent decades, “desktop planetarium programs” running on personal computers have gained wide attention. Modern incarnations are immensely versatile tools, mostly targeted towards the community of amateur astronomers and for knowledge transfer in transdisciplinary research. Cultural astronomers also value the possibilities they give of simulating the skies of past times or other cultures. With this paper, we provide an extended presentation of the open-source project Stellarium, which in the last few years has been enriched with capabilities for cultural astronomy research not found in similar, commercial alternatives.

The non-psychopath's guide to managing an open source project

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 25-27
Author(s):  
George V. Neville-Neil
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Open Source Project

Respect your staff, learn from others, and know when to let go.

Clustered Iconography: A Resurrected Method for Representing Multidimensional Data

2020 ◽  
pp. 004912412091494
Author(s):  
Olav Muurlink ◽  
Anthony M. Gould ◽  
Jean-Etienne Joullié
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Multidimensional Data ◽  
Statistical Techniques ◽  
Graphical Representations ◽  
Graphical Methods ◽  
History Of ◽  
Research Findings

Development of graphical methods for representing data has not kept up with progress in statistical techniques. This article presents a brief history of graphical representations of research findings and makes the case for a revival of methods developed in the early and mid-twentieth century, notably ISOTYPE and Chernoff’s faces. It resurrects and improves a procedure, clustered iconography, which enables the presentation of multidimensional data through which readers engage more effectively with the presentation’s central message by way of an easier understanding of relationships between variables. The proposed technique is especially well adapted to the needs and protocols of open-source research.

"Us" vs. "Them". Communist Dialectical Images from Interwar Europe and Soviet Russia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adri Kácsor
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Visual Culture ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Political Propaganda ◽  
Political Transformations ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Soviet Russia ◽  
Interwar Europe

Brawny male workers vs. bulging bourgeois men. Working-class mothers burdened by the hardship of poverty and childcare vs. elegant upper-class women enjoying a lifestyle of privilege. Such juxtaposed images of workers and the rich were prevalent in the visual culture of communism throughout the twentieth century, appearing on posters, illustrations, and other genres of political propaganda across countries and continents. Although these didactic propaganda images have rarely been considered in histories of modernism and the avant-garde, this article argues that they were among the key visual inventions of twentieth-century communist visual culture given their highly innovative aesthetics and juxtaposed structure that provided them a potential to become dialectical. Drawing on examples from interwar Europe and Soviet Russia, this article examines how didactic juxtapositions could become dialectical images, triggering political transformations while also making revolutionary class consciousness visible for the viewer.

Englishness, Empire and Nostalgia: A Heterodox Religious Community's Appeal in the Inter-War Years

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 374-392
Author(s):  
Jane Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
World War I ◽  
British Empire ◽  
Belief Networks ◽  
Healing Ministry ◽  
World War ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
The World ◽  
Sense Of Identity ◽  
The Rich

This article looks at the ways in which the Panacea Society – a heterodox, millenarian group based in Bedford during the inter-war years – spread its ideas: through personal, familial and shared belief networks across the British empire; by building new modes of attracting adherents, in particular a global healing ministry; and by shipping its publications widely. It then examines how the society appealed to its (white) members in the empire in three ways: through its theology, which put Britain at the centre of the world; by presuming the necessity and existence of a ‘Greater Britain’ and the British empire, while in so many other quarters these entities were being questioned in the wake of World War I; and by a deliberately cultivated and nostalgic notion of ‘Englishness’. The Panacea Society continued and developed the idea of the British empire as providential at a time when the idea no longer held currency in most circles. The article draws on the rich resource of letters in the Panacea Society archive to contribute to an emerging area of scholarship on migrants’ experience in the early twentieth-century British empire (especially the dominions) and their sense of identity, in this case both religious and British.

scholarly journals From Frequency to Meaning: Vector Space Models of Semantics

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 141-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. Turney ◽  
P. Pantel
Keyword(s):  
Vector Space ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Human Language ◽  
Open Source Project ◽  
Word Context ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Vector Space Models ◽  
New Perspective

Computers understand very little of the meaning of human language. This profoundly limits our ability to give instructions to computers, the ability of computers to explain their actions to us, and the ability of computers to analyse and process text. Vector space models (VSMs) of semantics are beginning to address these limits. This paper surveys the use of VSMs for semantic processing of text. We organize the literature on VSMs according to the structure of the matrix in a VSM. There are currently three broad classes of VSMs, based on term-document, word-context, and pair-pattern matrices, yielding three classes of applications. We survey a broad range of applications in these three categories and we take a detailed look at a specific open source project in each category. Our goal in this survey is to show the breadth of applications of VSMs for semantics, to provide a new perspective on VSMs for those who are already familiar with the area, and to provide pointers into the literature for those who are less familiar with the field.

scholarly journals Jupyter: Thinking and Storytelling with Code and Data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Granger ◽  
Fernando Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Community Of Practice ◽  
Scientific Computing ◽  
Data Science ◽  
Climate Science ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Open Source Project ◽  
Interactive Computing ◽  
The Impact

Project Jupyter is an open-source project for interactive computing widely used in data science, machine learning, and scientific computing. We argue that even though Jupyter helps users perform complex, technical work, Jupyter itself solves problems that are fundamentally human in nature. Namely, Jupyter helps humans to think and tell stories with code and data. We illustrate this by describing three dimensions of Jupyter: interactive computing, computational narratives, and  the idea that Jupyter is more than software. We illustrate the impact of these dimensions on a community of practice in Earth and climate science.

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