Are gendered terms inference-loaded? Evidence from Greek talk-in-interaction

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-97
Author(s):  
Angeliki Alvanoudi
Keyword(s):  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
The Self ◽  
Relevant Aspect ◽  
Audio Recordings

The present study examines the relation between referential indexing of gender and speakers’ cognition in instances of gendered noticing in Greek talk-in-interaction, drawing on audio recordings of informal conversations as data and on conversation analysis as method. Gendered noticing occurs after actions that invoke specific presuppositions about gender, such as the norm of heterosexuality and stereotypes regarding ‘typical’ feminine and masculine attributes and behaviour. Speakers deploy gendered terms to attend to gender as a relevant aspect of context, and to position the self and others as women or men. It is shown that via gendered noticing, speakers uncover their covert assumptions about social gender and bring their conceptualisations of gender to the ‘surface’.

Shifting of “expert” and “novice” roles between/within two languages: Language socialization, identity, and epistemics in family dinnertime conversations

Multilingua ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noriko Takei ◽  
Matthew Burdelski
Keyword(s):  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
Language Socialization ◽  
The Self ◽  
Epistemic Status ◽  
Immigrant Family ◽  
Communicative Practices ◽  
Audio Recordings ◽  
Living Together ◽  
Expert And Novice ◽  
Epistemic Stances

AbstractThis article explores the construction and shifting of “expert” and “novice” roles between and within two languages (Japanese and English). Taking a language socialization perspective while drawing upon insights from conversation analysis on epistemics in interaction, it analyzes seven hours of audio recordings of dinnertime talk in a Japanese-speaking immigrant family with a university-aged adult daughter living together in Australia. The analysis identifies several key communicative practices, such as word definitions and repair, which participants deploy in displaying epistemic stances that constitute the self and family members as possessing relatively more or less knowledge and expertise (epistemic status) with respect to these two languages. The findings reveal the dynamics of language socialization in a bilingual/immigrant setting in which the relative roles of expert and novice emerge, shift, and are negotiated in interaction. In conclusion, the findings are discussed in relation to language expertise, power and hierarchy, agency and bidirectional language socialization.

The epic “Künnü körgen Kün Köök” in self-recording and audio recording

2021 ◽  
pp. 51-64
Author(s):  
L. N. Arbachakova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Live Performance ◽  
Audio Recording ◽  
Physical Effort ◽  
Heroic Epic ◽  
Audio Recordings ◽  
Small Period

The paper compares the variants of the Shor heroic epic “Künnü körgen Kün Köök” (“Kün Köök that saw the Sun”) recorded in 1999 with an interval of two months in the narrator’s self-recording (written in January 1999) and in audio recording (recorded in March 1999 by L. Arbachakova from V. E. Tannagashev (1932–2007). The version in the audio recording was performed by the Kai narrator accompanied by komus in the performer’s apartment in Myski city. V. E. Tannagashev learned this epic from his teacher P. N. Amzorov. The small period between the recordings resulted in insignificant discrepancies in the versions that were complementary and hardly influenced the qualitative content of the legend. The Kai narrator’s memory did not let him down, with the plots almost coinciding and different epic formulas used only in some fragments of typical places, or there were some permutations or omissions of lines. Sometimes the narrator uses synonymous words, or there are repetitions and reservations. However, there are practically no such flaws in the self-recordings. The typical points used by the kaichi, sometimes expanded and colorful, sometimes compressed, probably depended on his mood, as well as on different ways of fixing the epic (in the kaichi’s selfrecording and audio recordings). Live performance is influenced by the mood, health of the narrator, and other factors. Self-recordings made by hand are the most time-consuming since they require physical effort, perseverance, attention. It is perhaps for this reason that the recording turned out to be more shortened.

Transcription for Conversation Analysis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Galina B. Bolden ◽  
Alexa Hepburn
Keyword(s):  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
Social Action ◽  
Interaction Analysis ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Orthographic Representation ◽  
Transcription System ◽  
Social Actions ◽  
Audio Recordings ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The 1960S

The transcription system for Conversation Analysis (CA) was originally developed by Gail Jefferson, one of the founders of CA, in the 1960s. Jefferson’s transcription conventions aim to represent on paper what had been captured in field audio recordings in ways that would preserve and bring to light the interactionally relevant elements of the recorded talk. Conversation analytic research has demonstrated that various features of the delivery of talk and other bodily conduct are basic to how interlocutors carry out social actions in interaction with others. Without the CA transcription system it is impossible to identify these features, as it represents talk and other conduct in ways that capture the rich subtlety of their delivery. Jefferson’s system of conventions evolved side by side with, and was informed by the results of, interaction analysis, which has shown there are many significant aspects of talk that interactants treat as relevant but that are entirely missed in simple orthographic representation. Conversation analysts’ insistence on capturing not only what is said but also details of how something is said, including interactants’ visible behaviors, is based on the assumption that “no order of detail in interaction can be dismissed a priori as disorderly, accidental, or irrelevant” (according to John Heritage in 1984). Conversation analytic transcripts need to be detailed enough to facilitate the analyst’s quest to discover and describe orderly practices of social action in interaction.

The use of ‘my side telling’ during history taking in psychiatric consultations

2021 ◽  
pp. 146144562110016
Author(s):  
Xueli Yao
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
History Taking ◽  
Patients Rights ◽  
Outpatient Visits ◽  
Psychiatric Outpatient ◽  
Audio Recordings ◽  
Sense Of Reality ◽  
Psychiatric Conditions

Using the method of conversation analysis, this article examines an interactional practice through which psychiatric practitioners exhibit knowledge about their patients’ problems, symptoms, or experiences in psychiatric outpatient consultations. This practice is referred to as ‘my side telling’. The data were from audio recordings of 55 psychiatric outpatient visits to four psychiatrists in China. In the data, the psychiatrists employ ‘my side telling’ within larger sequences of talk where psychiatrists solicit their patients to elaborate on their problems or experiences, treating prior answers of the patients as unsatisfactory. Based on empirical study of the data, it is argued that ‘my side telling’ in psychiatry is not merely used to elicit information. Rather, through facing patients with facts or evidence which the psychiatrists got from other sources, it acquires a confrontative function and may be employed as a tool to test the patients’ sense of reality and willingness to talk about their experiences. Thus, it is shown to work towards assessing patients for possible psychiatric conditions and forming diagnostic hypotheses. I further argue that ‘my side telling’ allows the psychiatrists to achieve a balance between respecting the patients’ rights to report their own experiences and influencing the directions in which the information is reported.

Participation of a Conversation Partner in the Word Searches of a Person With Aphasia

1999 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary L. Oelschlaeger
Keyword(s):  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
Life Experience ◽  
The Self ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Online Analysis ◽  
Direct Gaze ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Sequential Organization ◽  
Conversation Partner ◽  
Conversational Sequences

Conversation analysis was applied to answer the question of when and how a conversation partner participates in the word searches of a person with aphasia. Thirty-eight videotaped conversational sequences from eight naturally occurring conversations of a single couple were analyzed. Sequences were characterized by the spouse’s participation in the self-initiated word searches of her partner, who had aphasia. Sequences were analyzed on a turn-by-turn basis to reveal their sequential organization. Results showed that participation was determined by interactional techniques and interactional resources. Interactional techniques included direct and indirect invitations to participate. Direct invitation was constructed via direct gaze or a wh- question. Indirect invitation was constructed with verbal and nonverbal signals, including specific metalanguage and downward gaze. Interactional resources were information states derived from both life experience and online analysis. Research and clinical implications are discussed.

scholarly journals Constituting agency in the delivery of telephone-mediated victim support

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Weatherall
Keyword(s):  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Syntactic Variation ◽  
Individual Agency ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
Telephone Helpline ◽  
Victims Of Crime ◽  
Empirical Demonstration

© 2020, © 2020 Taylor & Francis. In telephone helpline interactions, a practical problem for participants is how to advance a relevant course of action about what can be done within the institution’s remit that may not be what a caller asks for or needs. This study investigates how call-takers progress delivering support for callers ringing a service for victims of crime and trauma. It focuses on how actions are advanced by the call-taker using linguistic formats that can be broadly characterised as directive-commissive speech acts. The research asks how agency is constituted through the linguistic format parties’ use to display what can be done and who decides. Using conversation analysis to examine 80 cases where the delivery of support is progressed, the results show that subtle morpho-syntactic variation in the format of interrogatives (i.e., ‘Did you want to,’ ‘Do you want to’) display orientations to who can do or decide upon a future course of action. Evidence is presented that the ‘did you form’ tilts the agency toward the Self as something she can progress whereas the ‘do you’ format tilts the balance toward the Other to decide. More obviously, the actions can be formulated in terms of the Self committing to an action (e.g., ‘I’ll pop you through’) or as clearly deferring to the Other to decide (e.g., ‘would you like me to’). This study furthers the general intellectual project of discursive psychology by providing an empirical demonstration of the way classic questions about the nature of subjectivity and individual agency can be re-specified as shared practices for accomplishing action in social interaction.

scholarly journals The Patients' Practises Disclosing Subjective Experiences in the Psychiatric Intake Interview

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enikö Èva Savander ◽  
Jukka Hintikka ◽  
Mariel Wuolio ◽  
Anssi Peräkylä
Keyword(s):  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
Local Control ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
The Self ◽  
Subjective Experiences ◽  
Negative Experience ◽  
Self Disclosure ◽  
Specific Symptom ◽  
Diagnostic Interviews ◽  
Intake Interview

In psychiatric diagnostic interviews, a clinician's question designed to elicit a specific symptom description is sometimes met with the patient's self-disclosure of their subjective experience. In shifting the topical focus to their subjective experiences, the patients do something more or something other than just answering the question. Using conversation analysis, we examined such sequences in diagnostic interviews in an outpatient clinic in Finland. From 10 audio-recorded diagnostic interviews, we found 45 segments where medical questions were met with patients' self-disclosures. We show four sequential trajectories that enable this shift of topic and action. There are four possible trajectories: (1) the patient first answers the medical question and the clinician acknowledges this answer, whereupon the patient shifts to a self-disclosure of their subjective experience; (2) the patient first gives the medical answer but shifts to self-disclosure without the clinician's acknowledgement of that answer; (3) the patient produces an extensive answer to the medical question and, in the course of producing this, shifts into the self-disclosure; (4) the patient does not offer a medical answer but designs the self-disclosure as if it were the answer to the medical question. We argue that in the shifts to the self-disclosure of their subjective negative experience, the patients take local control of the interaction. These shifts also embody a clash between the interactional projects of the participants. At the end of the paper, we discuss the clinical relevance of our results regarding the patient's agency and the goals of the psychiatric assessment.

Self-authorizing action: On let me X in English social interaction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Elliott M. Hoey
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
The Self ◽  
First Person ◽  
Autonomous Action ◽  
Naturally Occurring

Abstract This article contributes to conversation analytic research on the formatting of imperative actions by focusing on the English first person imperative let me/lemme X as it appears in a range of naturally occurring interactions. I argue that lemme X is a practice for displacing what was projectably relevant in a given environment in favor of a self-authorized action. This as a result tends to advance the speaker's interests/initiatives. The analysis accounts for speakers’ apparent presumption of permission in unilaterally undertaking their lemme X action by reference to the placement, design, and subsequent orientations to the self-authorized action. The construction is discussed in terms of the distribution of agency and it is suggested that lemme X is particularly suited to advancing activities that favor autonomous action by the speaker and which involve the recipient only minimally. (Conversation analysis, imperatives, directives, English, agency)*

Say What? An Analysis of Spontaneous Self-Talk Categorization

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 390-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judy L. Van Raalte ◽  
Allen E. Cornelius ◽  
Maureen K. Copeskey ◽  
Britton W. Brewer
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
The Self ◽  
Observer Bias ◽  
Self Talk ◽  
Audio Recordings ◽  
Dart Throwing

Research exploring spontaneously generated self-talk has involved recording performers’ self-talk categorized by researchers. The actor-observer bias, suggests that actors (performers) and observers (researchers) may perceive the same situation (e.g., self-talk) differently. The purpose of this study was to explore the actor-observer bias and validity of self-talk categorization. College students’ (n = 30) spontaneous self-talk was audio recorded during a dart throwing task. Participants then listened to and categorized their self-talk. Three independent researchers reviewed written transcripts and categorized the self-talk. Another three researchers who had not read the transcripts listened to audio recordings and categorized the same self-talk. Results confirmed actor-observer bias predictions. Spontaneous self-talk ratings made by participants were similar to but distinct from those made by researchers reading transcripts or listening to self-talk audio recordings. These results suggest that participant categorization of spontaneous self-talk may be a valid strategy to enhance understanding of self-talk used in competitive settings.

scholarly journals Quarantine Life Is Stillness and Dialogue: A Reflective Autoethnography During a Global Pandemic

2020 ◽  
pp. 107780042096017
Author(s):  
Shiyu (Sharon) Zheng
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Audio Recordings ◽  
Helping Others ◽  
The Way

This reflective autoethnography uses writing, photos, and audio recordings to present my 14-day quarantine in times of COVID-19 from arriving in China, meeting my handler, developing relationships through online chats, to helping others out in a Chinese hotel. This article serves as a reference for people in quarantine to fight against the fear, frustration, and depression that can arise from being isolated. Experiencing friendliness during these struggles, especially some of the self-inspiration and encouragement that can be stimulated by friendliness, will support us to change the way we think, live, and deal with difficulties, not just now but in future.

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