scholarly journals Antagonism potency of dark Septate endophytes against Pyricularia oryzae for improving health of rice plants

Jurnal Agro ◽  
10.15575/9589 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-147
Author(s):  
Dini Yuliani ◽  
Bonny P W ◽  
Soekarno Soekarno ◽  
Abdul Munif ◽  
Surono Surono
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Colony Growth ◽  
Pyricularia Oryzae ◽  
Dark Septate Endophytes ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Dark Septate Endophyte ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Wet Weight

Blast disease caused by Pyricularia oryzae (Po) is the main disease affecting rice production. Dark septate endophytes (DSEs) is known to improve plant performance and suppress disease. This study evaluated DSEs antagonism potency against P. oryzae in improving the rice plant's health. The research stages consisted of: (1). DSE and Po growth rate; (2). Antagonism of DSEs against Po; (3). Chitinase; (4). DSEs Viability; (5). DSEs application to rice seeds in nurseries. The results showed the growth of APDS 3.2 colonies had fulfilled Petri (d = 9 cm) at three days after incubation (DAI), while 4.1 BTG and TKC 2.2.a at 7 DAI.  Po had slow colony growth required 20 DAI. Inhibition of APDS 3.2 against Po was 43.75%, higher than of 4.1 BTG (38.60%) and of TKC 2.2.a (39.76%). The rice plants inoculated with APDS 3.2 had a relatively higher at seedling height, root length, wet weight, and dry weight than those inoculated with TKC 2.2.a and 4.1 BTG. The highest DSEs colonization was found in APDS 3.2 at 50.56%, followed by TKC 2.2.a (46.67%) and 4.1 BTG (40%). DSEs fungus has the potential to suppress rice blast pathogens by improving the health of rice plants, especially APDS 3.2.Key words: Colonization, Growth Rate, Viability  Penyakit blas yang disebabkan oleh Pyricularia oryzae (Po) merupakan penyakit utama yang memengaruhi produksi padi. Dark septate endophyte (DSE) diketahui mampu meningkatkan performa tanaman dan menekan penyakit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi potensi antagonisme DSE terhadap P. oryzae dalam meningkatkan kesehatan tanaman padi. Tahapan Penelitian terdiri atas: (1). Kecepatan tumbuh DSE dan Po; (2). Antagonisme DSE terhadap Po; (3). Kitinase; (4). Viabilitas DSE; (5). Aplikasi DSE pada benih padi di persemaian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pertumbuhan koloni APDS 3.2 telah memenuhi petri (d= 9 cm) pada 3 hari setelah inkubasi (HSI), sedangkan 4.1 BTG dan TKC 2.2.a pada 7 HSI. Pertumbuhan koloni Po lambat membutuhkan 20 HSI. Penghambatan APDS 3.2 terhadap Po sebesar 43,75% lebih tinggi dibandingkan 4.1 BTG (38,60%) maupun TKC 2.2.a (39,76%). Tanaman padi yang diinokulasi APDS 3.2 memiliki tinggi, panjang akar, bobot basah, dan bobot kering relatif lebih tinggi dibandingkan yang diinokulasi TKC 2.2.a dan 4.1 BTG. Kolonisasi DSE tertinggi dijumpai pada APDS 3.2 sebesar 50,56%, diikuti TKC 2.2.a (46,67%) dan 4.1 BTG (40%). Cendawan DSE memiliki potensi untuk menekan patogen blas padi dengan cara meningkatkan kesehatan tanaman padi, khususnya APDS 3.2.

scholarly journals Studying of Cultural Properties of Pyricularia oryzae Cav. Strains in the South of Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
Dmitry Nartymov ◽  
Evgeny Kharitonov ◽  
Elena Dubina ◽  
Sergey Garkusha ◽  
Margarita Ruban ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pyricularia Oryzae ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
The South ◽  
Directional Growth ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Affected Plant ◽  
Cultural Traits ◽  
Plant Form ◽  
Using Data

This article presents the results of the development of a methodology for describing the main morphological and cultural traits of the Pyricularia oryzae Cav. strains widespread in the south of Russia. At the same time, the types of traits are identified and listed, which make it possible to unambiguously determine the uniqueness and variety of the pathogen. The relationships and patterns established using cluster and statistical analysis make it possible to identify the conditions for the development of a pathogen that determine its predominant forms. Thus, research shows that leaf forms of P. oryzae strains isolated from rice plants with leaf form of blast disease have an equally directional growth pattern of a colony with a felt structure, and strains isolated from neck-affected plant form often produce a zone of a colony with a clumpy structure. The classification of cultural traits will make it possible to obtain scientifically grounded and comparable data that can be used in the analysis of the interaction of P. oryzae strains with rice plants on various varieties and in various agro-technological conditions in order to improve and rationalize agricultural activities. The study opens up the possibility of using data in breeding, making it possible to identify forms of a pathogen that infect certain varieties.

scholarly journals Vegetative growth response of upland rice to Actinomycetes, Azospirillum and Azotobacter

2021 ◽  
Vol 911 (1) ◽  
pp. 012060
Author(s):  
Agung Gunawan ◽  
Yusminah Hala ◽  
Alimuddin Ali ◽  
Oslan Jumadi ◽  
Muhammad Junda
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Rice Plant ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria ◽  
Total N ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Wet Weight

Abstract The research aims is to determine the suitability of nitrogen fixing bacteria, namely Actinomycetes, Azospirillum and Azotobacter with upland rice seeds to the speed of radicle formation and growth of upland rice plants. Upland rice plant growth measurement parameters include; speed of formation of radicle length, upland rice plant height, number of upland rice tillers, dry weight of the top of upland rice plants and roots of upland rice plants, wet weight of upland rice plants and roots of upland rice plants, and total N of upland rice plants and upland roots Testing the application of N2 fixing bacteria on upland rice plants on a laboratory scale was carried out to determine the suitability of microbes with upland rice plant seeds in vitro. The pot test was carried out to determine the suitability of the N2 fixing bacteria with the vegetative growth of upland rice plants in vivo. Data were analyzed using ANOVA with Duncan’s advanced test. The results showed that upland rice plants inoculated with Actinomycetes, Azospirillum and Azotobacter showed significantly different growth from upland rice plants without nitrogen fixing bacteria treatment, namely the radicle formation speed and radicle length, plant height, number of tillers, wet weight, dry weight, and total N (%) plants. It can be concluded that the inoculation of nitrogen-fixing bacteria on upland rice plants has a significant effect on plant vegetative growth parameters and plant nitrogen content.

scholarly journals PENGARUH EKSTRAKSI BIJI DAN KOMBINASI MEDIA TANAM TERHADAP PENYEMAIAN LABAN (Vitex pinnata L. Kuntze)

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-95
Author(s):  
Hartina Hartina ◽  
Ratna Kusuma ◽  
Dwi Susanto
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Relative Growth Rate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Seed Growth ◽  
Seed Extraction ◽  
Wet Weight

AbstrakPenyemaian laban dengan menggunakan metode ekstraksi biji belum banyak dilakukan dan perlu penambahan bahan pembenah tanah untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan semai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ekstraksi biji dan kombinasi media tanam terhadap penyemaian laban (Vitex pinnata L. Kuntze). Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan 2 faktor perlakuan yaitu ekstraksi biji (A0= ekstraksi basah dan A1= ekstraksi kering) dan kombinasi media tanam (M0= Tanah, M1= tanah + pasir, M2= tanah + kompos, M3= tanah + cocopeat), masing-masing diulang sebanyak 3 kali. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji varian (ANOVA) dengan taraf kepercayaan 95%, uji lanjut menggunakan uji Duncan pada taraf kepercayaan 95%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pada perlakuan ekstraksi biji kering dapat meningkatkan rata-rata persentase berkecambah sebesar 65,83% dan kecepatan tumbuh biji sebesar 3,25%, namun belum dapat meningkatkan pertambahan tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, berat basah akhir, berat kering akhir dan laju pertumbuhan relatif. Kombinasi jenis media tanam tanah + kompos dapat meningkatkan persentase berkecambah sebesar 73,33% dan kecepatan tumbuh benih sebesar 3,40%. Penelitian ini sangat penting dalam penyiapan bibit siap tanam dalam budi daya V. pinnata.Abstract Seedling using seed extraction method has not been explored much and it needs to add soil enhancers to increase seedling growth. This research aims to determine the effect of seed extraction and combinations of planting media to seeding Laban (Vitex pinnata L. Kuntze). This research used a complete randomized design with two treatment factors namely seed extraction (A0= wet extraction, A1= dry extraction) and combinations of plant medium (M0= soil, M1= soil + sand, M2= soil + compost, M3= soil + cocopeat) were repeated three times each. The data were analyzed by using variance test (ANOVA) at 95% level of confidence and continued using Duncan test at 95% level of confidence. The result showed that the dry seed extract treatment increased the average of germination percentage by 65.83% and seed growth rate about 3.295% but could not increase plant height, leaf number, final wet weight, final dry weight dan relative growth rate. The combination of planting media  + compost increased the germination percentage by 73.33% and the seed growth about 3.40%, but not yet able to increase plant height, leaf number, final wet weight, final dry weight and relative growth rate of laban plant. This research is very important in preparing ready-to-plant seedlings in V. pinnata cultivation.

scholarly journals Antifungal activity of crude extracts of Ageratum conyzoides and Chromolaena odorata for management of Lasiodiplodia theobromae and Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae through in vitro evaluation

2021 ◽  
Vol 886 (1) ◽  
pp. 012008
Author(s):  
Asman Asman ◽  
Adelvia ◽  
Ade Rosmana ◽  
Sylvia Sjam ◽  
Hamdayanty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Biomass ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Colony Growth ◽  
Chromolaena Odorata ◽  
Ageratum Conyzoides ◽  
Lasiodiplodia Theobromae ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Poison Food Technique

Abstract Lasiodiplodia is an important genus of fungi causing destructive diseases on perennial crops, including cocoa. Two crucial species of Lasiodiplodia that cause diseases in cocoa are Lasiodiplodia theobromae and Lasiodiplodia pseutheobromae. A variety of weeds is the potential to be applied as botanical fungicides to control the pathogens. The main objective of this study was to evaluate Ageratum conyzoides and Chromolaena odorata leaf extract to inhibit the growth of L. theobromae and L. pseudotheobromae on a synthetic medium. Solvent organic was methanol for weed extraction with a ratio of 1:5. The experiment was conducted through the poison food technique method, both in the solid and liquid medium in three different concentrations, 1, 3, and 5%. The result showed that A. conyzoides and C. odorata were significantly inhibited the colony growth of both Lasiodiplodia in all concentrations in a solid medium. A. conyzoides performed better than C. odorata in all concentrations of both Lasiodiplodia in inhibition. A. conyzoides 5% performed well to suppress the colony growth of L. pseudotheobromae (100%), followed by A. conyzoides 3% and A. conyzoides 1%. A. conyzoides 5% able to inhibit the colony growth of L. theobromae until 100%, followed by A. conyzoides 3% and 1%. Meanwhile, A. conyzoides and C. odorata extract tested on PDB medium at 1, 3, and 5% reduced the fungal biomass significantly at all concentrations. C. odorata was found most effective in inhibiting fungal biomass of both pathogens either on wet weight or on dry weight at 1, 3, and 5% %. A. conyzoides and C. odorata can manage the growth of L. theobromae and L. pseudotheobromae through in vitro conditions.

scholarly journals Efek Penambahan Limbah Lokal Jerami Dan Sekam Padi Bagi Pertumbuhan Jamur Tiram Putih (Pleurotus ostreatus)

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-76
Author(s):  
Afifah Nur Shobah ◽  
Swastika Oktavia
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Pleurotus Ostreatus ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Oyster Mushroom ◽  
Microscopic Fungi ◽  
Artificial Medium ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

White oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) is a group of microscopic fungi that are used as food.  P. ostreatus is cultivated in an artificial medium derived from sawdust and has been sterilized. However, the use of sawdust also has problems. Straw and husk of rice can be used as mushroom growing media because they contain organic ingredients such as cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. This study aimed to know the growth of white oyster mushroom (P. ostreatus) on straw and husk of rice as an artificial medium and to know the best composition of straw and husk of rice that can be got highly produced of white oyster mushroom (P. ostreatus). The methods of this research were experimental with ten treatments and included several stages including preparation of tools, materials and research sites, the stage of cultivation of P. ostreatus and data collection. This study used an experimental method with a completely randomized design consisting of 40 experimental units. The results obtained were the most optimal P. ostreatus mycelium growth in K1J2S1 treatment with a mean growth rate of 30,60 cm / 30 days, the highest wet weight was K3J1S0 which was 85,83 g while the highest dry weight was in K1J2S1 treatment that is equal to 8,71 g.

BIOASSAY OF PROLACTIN

1969 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles S. Nicoll
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Assay Sensitivity ◽  
Mucosal Epithelium ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Total Dry Weight

ABSTRACT The response of the pigeon crop-sac to systemically acting prolactin (injected subcutaneously) was evaluated by measuring the wet weight of the responsive lateral lobes of the organ and by determining the dry weight of a 4 cm diameter disc of mucosal epithelium taken from one hemicrop. Of several different injection schedules tested, administration of prolactin in four daily injections was found to yield optimal responses. When compared with a graded series of prolactin doses, measurement of the mucosal dry weight proved to be a better method of response quantification than determination of the crop-sac wet weight with respect to both assay sensitivity and precision. The submucosal tissue of the crop-sac was estimated to constitute about 64 % of the total dry weight of the unstimulated organ and it was found to be relatively unresponsive to prolactin stimulation in comparison with the mucosa. The lipid content of the mucosal epithelium was determined using unstimulated crop-sacs or tissues which showed varying degrees of prolactin-induced proliferation. The fat content of the mucosal epithelial cells increased only slightly more rapidly than the dry weight or the defatted dry weight of the mucosa. Suggestions are made for the further improvement of the systemic crop-sac assay for prolactin.

Effect of rhizobacteria strains on the induction of resistance in barley genotypes against Cochliobolus sativus

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Adam
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Pseudomonas Putida ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cochliobolus Sativus ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Barley Genotypes

SummaryEnhancement of the resistance level in plants by rhizobacteria has been proven in several pathosystems. This study investigated the ability of four rhizobacteria strains (Pseudomonas putida BTP1 and Bacillus subtilis Bs2500, Bs2504 and Bs2508) to promote the growth in three barley genotypes and protect them against Cochliobolus sativus. Our results demonstrated that all tested rhizobacteria strains had a protective effect on barley genotypes Arabi Abiad, Banteng and WI2291. However, P. putida BTP1 and B. subtilis Bs2508 strains were the most effective as they reduced disease incidence by 53 and 38% (mean effect), respectively. On the other hand, there were significant differences among the rhizobacteria-treated genotypes on plant growth parameters, such as wet weight, dry weight, plant height and number of leaves. Pseudomonas putida BTP1 strain was the most effective as it significantly increased plant growth by 15-32%. In addition, the susceptible genotypes Arabi Abiad and WI2291 were the most responsive to rhizobacteria. This means that these genotypes have a high potential for increase of their resistance against the pathogen and enhancement of plant growth after the application of rhizobacteria. Consequently, barley seed treatment with the tested rhizobacteria could be considered as an effective biocontrol method against C. sativus.

Respon Akar Bibit Aren Genjah (Arenga pinnata) Di Pembibitan Pada Pemberian Dosis dan Interval Pupuk Organik Cair Nasa

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Yetti Elidar
Keyword(s):  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Treatment Combination ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Dose Study ◽  
Palm Sugar ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

Research on the response of roots of palm sugar palm seeds (Arenga pinnata) in nurseries at doses and intervals of Nasa liquid organic fertilizer. Aims to determine the dosage, interval and combination of dosages and fertilization intervals with Nasa liquid organic fertilizer which can provide the best dry weight of the roots in the nursery. The research design used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3x3 factorial experiments and each treatment was repeated 8 (eight) times, consisting of: the first factor was the treatment of POC Nasa dose in a concentration of 3 cc POC Nasa per liter of water (D) consists of 3 levels, namely: d1 = 300 ml POC Nasa, d2 = 400 ml POC Nasa, d3 = 500 ml POC Nasa, while the second factor is the treatment of POC Nasa Interval (I) consisting of 3 levels, namely: i1 = 2 once a week, i2 = once every 3 weeks, i3 = once every 4 weeks. The results of the POC Nasa dose study had a significant effect on leaf wet weight, leaf dry weight, root wet weight and root dry weight. The best dose at this level are: d2 (400 ml of Nasa liquid organic fertilizer), the interval of liquid organic fertilizer Nasa has a significant effect on leaf wet weight, leaf dry weight, root wet weight and root dry weight. The best dose at this level is: i1 (once every 2 weeks). The treatment combination has no significant effect on all parameters. 

PHYTOTOXICITY OF WASTEWATER CONTAINING CADMIUM (Cd) USING OLEANDER

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 1231-1238
Author(s):  
Zeki & Ridha
Keyword(s):  
Translocation Factor ◽  
Preliminary Test ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Exposure Dose ◽  
Test Duration ◽  
Plant Analysis ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Simulated Wastewater ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Plant Shoots

This study was aimed to investigate the ability of N.oleander to remove Cadmium (Cd) from wastewater. A prolonged toxicity test was performed in a single exposure and run for 65 days with various concentrations of Cd. Plants were grown in sand medium and irrigated with simulated wastewater contaminated with Cd, using different concentrations (0, 10, 25, 50, 75 mg/L), which were chosen based on previous preliminary test. The results of physical observation of the plants didn’t show any withering symptoms. The Cd concentration in plants increased, while in water decreased. The results of plant analysis showed that Cd concentration in plant shoots (stems and leaves) was higher than that in roots for almost all exposure doses along the test duration. The concentration of Cd in water decreased significantly from the first week of the test and become (0 mg/l) on day-35 for 10 and 25 mg/l exposure doses, while exceeded the permissible limits for 50 and 75 mg/l exposure doses and were 0.14 and 0.91 mg/l, respectively. Wet weight and dry weight of Oleander decreased with increasing Cd concentration level except for 10 mg/l exposure dose where the plant wet weight and dry weight increased at the end of the test. Bioaccumulation factor (BAF) and Translocation Factor (TF) was found to be greater than 1, indicating that Oleander is a successful hyperaccumulator for Cd.

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