Atmospheric Stress Corrosion Cracking (ASCC) Susceptibility of Stainless Alloys for Metallic Containers

2006 ◽  
Vol 932 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gen Nakayama
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Stress Corrosion ◽  
Stress Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Spent Nuclear Fuel ◽  
Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Surface Conditions ◽  
Decay Heat ◽  
Fuel Elements ◽  
Surface Environment

ABSTRACTMetallic canisters placed in concrete casks and containing spent nuclear fuel elements, will be exposed to a moist oceanic atmosphere while the decay heat generated in the fuel elements cools for more than fifty years. Thus, the surface environment of the metallic canisters will be wet and covered with chloride compounds. The canisters may suffer atmospheric stress corrosion cracking. Therefore, corrosion tests for some potential alloys were conducted in an aqueous bittern solution, containing 22% enriched chloride compounds simulating the expected surface conditions of the canisters, to aid in selecting appropriate alloys based on corrosion resistance. The results suggest that the corrosion resistance of ordinary stainless steels, such as SUS304 and SUS316, is not high enough to avoid ASCC (atmospheric stress corrosion cracking) in the environment. Thus, a higher-grade stainless steel, namely, NSSC270 (20Cr-18Ni-6Mo-0.2N-Low C)or SUS836L (23.5Cr-25Ni-5.5Mo-0.2N-Low C, equivalent to AL-6XN) has been selected for this application.

Influence of Alloying Elements on the Stress Corrosion Behavior of Austenitic Stainless Steel

CORROSION ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. LOGINOW ◽  
J. F. BATES
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Stress Corrosion ◽  
Stress Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Magnesium Chloride Solution ◽  
Stress Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Cold Worked

Abstract In certain applications, stress corrosion cracking of austenitic stainless steels has occurred when these steels are subjected to tension stresses (residual and applied) and are exposed to hot chloride solutions. Although stress corrosion cracking can be prevented by treatments to relieve residual stresses and by control of the environment, such procedures are expensive and not always reliable. An extensive study was therefore undertaken to develop a steel that would-be inherently resistant to stress corrosion cracking. The results of the study, conducted on stressed specimens of experimental steels immersed in a boiling 42% magnesium chloride solution, showed that carbon and nickel improved the stress corrosion resistance of annealed steels, and? nickel and silicon increased the resistance of cold-worked steels. It was also found that nitrogen decreased the resistance of annealed steels whereas phosphorus and molybdenum decreased the resistance of cold-worked steels. Manganese, copper, chromium, sulfur, and aluminum had little or no effect on stress corrosion resistance. This study resulted in the formulation of a steel composition containing 18% chromium, 18% nickel, 2% silicon, and 0.06% carbon, with low phosphorus and molybdenum contents. This steel was melted in an electric furnace; and1 its, stress corrosion, corrosion, and mechanical properties were determined. Test results show that the new steel (called USS 18-18-2 stainless steel) is much more resistant to stress; corrosion cracking than currently available austenitic stainless steels. Furthermore, the resistance of this steel is better than that of a 20% chromium, 34% nickel alloy that is being marketed; for its resistance to stress corrosion cracking.

Effect of Corrosion Inhibition on the Stress Corrosion Cracking of UNS S31603 Austenitic Stainless Steel

2012 ◽  
Vol 476-478 ◽  
pp. 256-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.A. Abuzeid ◽  
A.I. Aljoboury ◽  
M. Abou Zour
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Stress Corrosion ◽  
Corrosion Inhibitor ◽  
Corrosion Inhibition ◽  
Stress Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Desalination Plants ◽  
Brine Environment

Brine recirculation pumps are essential components used for circulation of brine in multi-stage flashing chambers desalination plants. Failure of these pumps would result in shutdown of the desalination plants. The rotating parts of these pumps (shaft and impeller) are usually made out of stainless steels or Duplex stainless steels. The pressure parts (casings) are usually made out of Ni-resist ductile irons (NDI). In recent years there have been a number of cases in which NDI casing materials failed by stress corrosion cracking (SCC) especially in the Arabian Gulf region. This makes re-evaluation and further studies on the performance of these materials of paramount importance due to process-related economic and reliability considerations. As possible substitutes to NDI casing materials, the authors of this research have recently published material demonstrating the superiority of the SCC resistance of the super DSS, UNS S32750, over the ASS, UNS S31603, in hot brine environment. Economically, the idea of using chemical corrosion inhibitors to enhance the SCC resistance of the ASS, UNS S31603, is appealing, non famous and worth looking at. In this work the effect of corrosion inhibition on the corrosion resistance and SCC of the ASS, UNS S31603, in hot brine environment, is investigated. Brine water was injected with typical treat rate of 350 ppm of passivating type commercially available Molybdate corrosion inhibitor. Theoretically the corrosion inhibitor was proposed to improve the corrosion resistance of ASS, UNS S31603, in brine solution. Electrochemical polarization measurements and SCC tests were used to evaluate the performance of the metal under inhibited and uninhibited environments. Results have shown that treating the brine with this particular type of inhibitor under this particular treat rate and test conditions increased the pitting tendency of the ASS, UNS S31603. Results from both SCC tests and electrochemical measurements are in agreement and both role out the possibility of enhancing corrosion resistance and SCC of ASS UNS S31603 using Molybdate inhibitor.

Stress Corrosion Cracking of Duplex Stainless Steels

2013 ◽  
Vol 794 ◽  
pp. 552-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indranil Chattoraj
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Stress Corrosion ◽  
Stress Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Fracture Morphology ◽  
Selective Dissolution ◽  
Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Duplex Stainless Steels ◽  
Secondary Phases

The relative superiority of duplex stainless steels (DSS) over austenitic grades with regards to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) is discussed. The benefits of N to SCC resistance of DSS are provided. The selective dissolution of phases and its impact on corrosion SCC is reviewed. The hydrogen embrittlement of DSS is reviewed with emphasis on the ferrite participation, the role of environments and fracture morphology. The evolution of secondary phases and precipitates and the resultant change in corrosion resistance and SCC in DSS is discussed.

The Importance of Corrosion Research

CORROSION ◽  
1962 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 311t-315t ◽  
Author(s):  
H. H. UHLIG
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Stress Corrosion ◽  
Stress Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Corrosion Control ◽  
Corrosion Research

Abstract The advent of stainless steels marks a symbolic advance in man's struggle against rust. Their availability through research has been an important factor in industrial and architectural progress. Cathodic protection, which began as a fundamental research project in electrochemistry, now makes possible the transportation of oil and gas in pipelines, contributes longer life to hot-water tanks, and provides potentially large savings in many other areas. The national economy benefits in the order of hundreds of millions of dollars annually through this and additional corrosion control measures adopted by the automotive, oil and chemical industries. Protection of boilers through water treatment and improvement in the corrosion resistance of steel used for tin-coated containers for food and beverages are further examples of economic advantages gained through corrosion research. The over-all savings, however, have been not only in dollars, but also in the conservation of natural resources, and in the reduction of accidents caused by stress-corrosion cracking of pressure vessels, or corrosion fatigue of critical components of airplanes and of other high-speed machinery. Recent advances in corrosion science and engineering have led to vapor-phase inhibitors, new alloys for resisting chemical media and elevated temperature environments, titanium alloys of improved corrosion resistance, anodic protection, and stainless steels resistant to stress-corrosion cracking. The full contributions of these developments to the total national production have not yet been realized. Corrosion failures affect all industries, all communities, hence all people, with no one group feeling responsible for investing in a research program which benefits everybody. Like problems of public health, the solutions must be met on a broad front with general public support. It is proposed that a National Institute for Corrosion Control be created paralleling the National Institutes of Health. Such an Institute would be concerned with research and development, with the training of men, and with the dissemination of corrosion knowledge. The positive influence of such an organization could have an appreciable impact on the American economy. 1.2.1,1,2.2

AMBRONZE 413

Alloy Digest ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Stress Corrosion ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Stress Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Electrical Contact ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Tin Bronze

Abstract AMBRONZE 413 is a copper-tin bronze recommended for plater's plates and electrical contact springs. It is relatively immune to stress-corrosion cracking. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, joining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: Cu-201. Producer or source: Anaconda American Brass Company.

NICROFER 5716 HMoW

Alloy Digest ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Stress Corrosion ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Stress Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Crevice Corrosion ◽  
Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Nickel Chromium ◽  
Corrosion Pitting

Abstract NICROFER 5716 HMoW is a nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloy with tungsten and extremely low carbon and silicon contents. It has excellent resistance to crevice corrosion, pitting and stress-corrosion cracking. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Ni-324. Producer or source: Vereingte Deutsche Metallwerke AG.

NAS 825

Alloy Digest ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Stress Corrosion ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Nickel Alloy ◽  
Stress Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Corrosion Resistant

Abstract NAS 825 is a corrosion-resistant nickel alloy that has resistance to both oxidizing and reducing environments, and with 42% nickel, the alloy is very resistant to chloride-ion stress-corrosion cracking. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Ni-694. Producer or source: Nippon Yakin Kogyo Company Ltd.

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