Overview of Containerless Processing Technologies

1981 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Barmatz
Keyword(s):  
Space Shuttle ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Materials Processing ◽  
Containerless Processing ◽  
Processing Technologies ◽  
Air Jets ◽  
Developmental Progress ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
And Control ◽  
Near Future

ABSTRACTIn the near future, a large segment of the scientific community will have an opportunity to perform materials processing experiments on the Space Shuttle in the reduced gravity environment of space. Many of these experiments will require containerless processing techniques that provide manipulation and control of weightless (molten) materials without physical contact with container walls or other holding devices. A variety of containerless processing technologies are now being developed for space and ground-based materials processing facilities. The utilization of air jets or high intensity acoustic, electromagnetic or electrostatic fields can produce forces that support and manipulate materials. Most of the present containerless research is directed toward the development of high temperature systems capable of melting and resolidifying materials. This paper will review the materials processing capabilities and level of developmental progress of each technique. An introduction to available NASA test facilities will also be given.

scholarly journals Multi-Blockchain-Based IoT Data Processing Techniques to Ensure the Integrity of IoT Data in AIoT Edge Computing Environments

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 3515
Author(s):  
Sung-Ho Sim ◽  
Yoon-Su Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Constant Size ◽  
Computing Environments ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Cloud Servers ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
And Control

As the development of IoT technologies has progressed rapidly recently, most IoT data are focused on monitoring and control to process IoT data, but the cost of collecting and linking various IoT data increases, requiring the ability to proactively integrate and analyze collected IoT data so that cloud servers (data centers) can process smartly. In this paper, we propose a blockchain-based IoT big data integrity verification technique to ensure the safety of the Third Party Auditor (TPA), which has a role in auditing the integrity of AIoT data. The proposed technique aims to minimize IoT information loss by multiple blockchain groupings of information and signature keys from IoT devices. The proposed technique allows IoT information to be effectively guaranteed the integrity of AIoT data by linking hash values designated as arbitrary, constant-size blocks with previous blocks in hierarchical chains. The proposed technique performs synchronization using location information between the central server and IoT devices to manage the cost of the integrity of IoT information at low cost. In order to easily control a large number of locations of IoT devices, we perform cross-distributed and blockchain linkage processing under constant rules to improve the load and throughput generated by IoT devices.

scholarly journals Evidence for Phytoremediation and Phytoexcretion of NTO from Industrial Wastewater by Vetiver Grass

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Abhishek RoyChowdhury ◽  
Pallabi Mukherjee ◽  
Saumik Panja ◽  
Rupali Datta ◽  
Christos Christodoulatos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Reduction ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Vetiver Grass ◽  
Insensitive Munitions ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
And Control ◽  
Near Future

The use of insensitive munitions such as 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO) is rapidly increasing and is expected to replace conventional munitions in the near future. Various NTO treatment technologies are being developed for the treatment of wastewater from industrial munition facilities. This is the first study to explore the potential phytoremediation of industrial NTO-wastewater using vetiver grass (Chrysopogon zizanioides L.). Here, we present evidence that vetiver can effectively remove NTO from wastewater, and also translocated NTO from root to shoot. NTO was phytotoxic and resulted in a loss of plant biomass and chlorophyll. The metabolomic analysis showed significant differences between treated and control samples, with the upregulation of specific pathways such as glycerophosphate metabolism and amino acid metabolism, providing a glimpse into the stress alleviation strategy of vetiver. One of the mechanisms of NTO stress reduction was the excretion of solid crystals. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis confirmed the presence of NTO crystals in the plant exudates. Further characterization of the exudates is in progress to ascertain the purity of these crystals, and if vetiver could be used for phytomining NTO from industrial wastewater.

scholarly journals The Importance of Interphases in Energy Storage Devices: Methods and Strategies to Investigate and Control Interfacial Processes

Physchem ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-44
Author(s):  
Chiara Ferrara ◽  
Riccardo Ruffo ◽  
Piercarlo Mustarelli
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Solid Electrolyte Interphase ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Lithium Metal ◽  
Energy Storage Devices ◽  
Storage Devices ◽  
Lithium Metal Batteries ◽  
And Control ◽  
Near Future

Extended interphases are playing an increasingly important role in electrochemical energy storage devices and, in particular, in lithium-ion and lithium metal batteries. With this in mind we initially address the differences between the concepts of interface and interphase. After that, we discuss in detail the mechanisms of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation in Li-ion batteries. Then, we analyze the methods for interphase characterization, with emphasis put on in-situ and operando approaches. Finally, we look at the near future by addressing the issues underlying the lithium metal/electrolyte interface, and the emerging role played by the cathode electrolyte interphase when high voltage materials are employed.

Preparation of Ultra-Fine Powder Using Supercritical Fluids: A Review

2011 ◽  
Vol 148-149 ◽  
pp. 509-515
Author(s):  
De Dong Hu ◽  
Wei Qiang Wang ◽  
Zhi Quan Zhao ◽  
Gui Min Zhang ◽  
Wen Qin Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ultrafine Particles ◽  
Surface Effect ◽  
Quantum Effect ◽  
Fine Powder ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Powder Materials ◽  
Supercritical Fluid Technology ◽  
Particle Preparation ◽  
And Control ◽  
Near Future

The size of ultrafine particles ranges between 1~1000nm, including metal, non-metallic, organic, inorganic and biological powder materials. Because of its inherent surface effect, small size effect and quantum effect, it has special optical properties, thermal properties, magnetic properties and mechanical properties which had been widely used in various industrial fields. Supercritical fluid technology has been used to obtain ultra-fine powder of several kind of materials. This work is focused on the systematic production of ultra-fine powder using RESS and SAS process. A systematic summary is made and different measures adopted according to the related circumstances are presented. We also summarize the effect of the process parameters of RESS and SAS process. The ongoing and more extensive research on mechanism and control measures of size, morphology and size distribution of particle should provide a better understanding of particle formation mechanism and achieve the goal of integrated use of different measures to control particle preparation process in the near future.

A Comprehensive Review on Reconfigurable Drones: Classification, Characteristics, Design and Control Technologies

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Saddam Hocine Derrouaoui ◽  
Yasser Bouzid ◽  
Mohamed Guiatni ◽  
Islam Dib
Keyword(s):  
Fault Tolerant ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Cluttered Environments ◽  
Viable Solution ◽  
Promising Solution ◽  
Design Characteristics ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Control Technologies ◽  
And Control ◽  
Near Future

Recently, reconfigurable drones have gained particular attention in the field of automation and flying robots. Unlike the conventional drones, they are characterized by a variable mechanical structure in flight, geometric adaptability, aerial reconfiguration, high number of actuators and control inputs, and variable mathematical model. In addition, they are exploited to flight in more cluttered environments, avoid collisions with obstacles, transport and grab objects, cross narrow and small spaces, decrease different aerial damages, optimize the consumed energy, and improve agility and maneuverability in flight. Moreover, these new drones are considered as a viable solution to provide them with specific and additional functionalities. They are a promising solution in the near future, since they allow increasing considerably the capabilities and performance of classical drones in terms of multi-functionalities, geometric adaptation, design characteristics, consumed energy, control, maneuverability, agility, efficiency, obstacles avoidance, and fault tolerant control. This paper explores very interesting and recent research works, which include the classification, the main characteristics, the various applications, and the existing designs of this particular class of drones. Besides, an in-depth review of the applied control strategies will be presented. The links of the videos displaying the results of these researches will be also shown. A comparative study between the different types of flying vehicles will be established. Finally, several new challenges and future directions for reconfigurable drones will be discussed.

scholarly journals Enabling Smart Buildings by Indoor Visible Light Communications and Machine Learning

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuping Dang ◽  
Guoqing Ma ◽  
Basem Shihada ◽  
Mohamed-Slim Alouini
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Data Transmission ◽  
Visible Light Communications ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Smart Building ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Tremendous Amount ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
And Control

<pre>The smart building (SB), a promising solution to the fast-paced and continuous urbanization around the world, is an integration of a wide range of systems and services and involves a construction of multiple layers. The SB is capable of sensing, acquiring and processing a tremendous amount of data as well as performing proper action and adaptation accordingly. With rapid increases in the number of connected nodes and thereby the data transmission demand in SBs, conventional transmission and processing techniques are insufficient to provide satisfactory services. To enhance the intelligence of SBs and achieve efficient monitoring and control, both indoor visible light communications (VLC) and machine learning (ML) shall be applied jointly to construct a reliable data transmission network with powerful data processing and reasoning abilities. In this regard, we envision an SB framework enabled by indoor VLC and ML in this article.</pre>

Design, Measurements and Characterization of Smart Electronic Board for PV Streetlight based on LED and High Intensity Discharge Lamps

2013 ◽  
pp. 153-165
Author(s):  
Paolo Visconti ◽  
Daniele Romanello ◽  
Giovanni Zizzari ◽  
Vito Ventura ◽  
Giorgio Cavalera
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Electronic Board ◽  
Lighting Systems ◽  
And Control ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Hid Lamps

This work presents an electronic board for driving and control of High Intensity Discharge (HID) lamps and Light Emitting Diode (LED) lamps. The proposed electronic board is able to drive HID or LED lamps by means of a reconfigurable output. This feature allows using the ballast in lighting systems that currently use traditional discharge lamps, as well as keeping the same ballast when discharge lamps are replaced by LED modules in the near future, when LED street lighting systems will be more affordable. Additionally, since the lighting system is designed to be used in rural areas where there is no public electricity, each lighting point incorporates a system to convert solar energy into continuous voltage by means of photovoltaic panels. In this work, energy saving issues are taken into account.

Issues and Challenges (Privacy, Security, and Trust) in Blockchain-Based Applications

2021 ◽  
pp. 196-209
Author(s):  
Siddharth M. Nair ◽  
Varsha Ramesh ◽  
Amit Kumar Tyagi
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Security Issue ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
And Control ◽  
Near Future

The major issues and challenges in blockchain over internet of things are security, privacy, and usability. Confidentiality, authentication, and control are the challenges faced in security issue. Hence, this chapter will discuss the challenges and opportunities from the prospective of security and privacy of data in blockchain (with respect to security and privacy community point of view). Furthermore, the authors will provide some future trends that blockchain technology may adapt in the near future (in brief).

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