Correlations of Chemistry and Mineralogy of Western U.S. Fly Ash

1986 ◽  
Vol 86 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. McCarthy ◽  
O. E. Manz ◽  
D. M. Johansen ◽  
S. J. Steinwand ◽  
R. J. Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
North Dakota ◽  
Data Center ◽  
Low Rank ◽  
Research Development ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Fly Ashes ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Low Rank Coals

Fly ashes derived from low-rank coals mined principally in Montana, Wyoming and North Dakota are being studied by the Western Fly Ash Research, Development and Data Center [1]. Previous studies of the mineralogy of western U.S. fly ash by McCarthy et al. [1–3] using x-ray diffraction (XRD) form the framework of the present study. A database of chemical, mineralogical and physical properties, along with precursor coal characteristics, is being assembled. Based on studies to date of several hundred fly ash samples derived from lignite and subbituminous coals, as well as from several bituminous ashes, correlations of chemistry and mineralogy have been hypothesized and are being tested. These correlations are discussed below.

Western Fly Ash Research, Development and Data Center

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. McCarthy ◽  
O. E. Manz ◽  
R. J. Stevenson ◽  
D. J. Hassett ◽  
G. H. Groenewold
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
North Dakota ◽  
Knowledge Base ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Data Center ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Low Rank ◽  
Research Development ◽  
High Calcium ◽  
By Products

With financial support from utilities and ash brokers*, the Western Fly Ash Research, Development and Data Center was established under the aegis of the North Dakota Mining and Mineral Resources Research Institute in August of 1985. Research will be performed by the two North Dakota universities in Grand Forks and Fargo. The fundamental objective of the Center is to enhance the knowledge base of the properties (chemical, mineralogical and physical) and reactions of the coal by-products (principally fly ash, but including bottom ash and FGD waste) produced in the Midwestern and Great Plains regions of the US. Most of the study specimens will be high-calcium (ASTM Class C) ash derived from low-rank lignite and subbituminous coals mined in North Dakota, Montana and Wyoming, although ash from other regions and coals is also being studied. The enhanced knowledge base should lead to more widespread utilization of these by-products [1,2] or, where this is necessary, to their safe and cost-effective disposal [3].

Semi-Quantitative X-Ray Diffraction Analysis of Fly Ash by the Reference Intensity Ratio Method

1988 ◽  
Vol 136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory J. McCarthy ◽  
A. Thedchanamoorthy
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Diffraction Analysis ◽  
Intensity Ratio ◽  
Bituminous Coal ◽  
Low Rank ◽  
Standard Reference Materials ◽  
Ratio Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Common

ABSTRACTA protocol for relatively inexpensive and rapid semi-quantitative x-ray diffraction analysis of fly ash mineralogy by the Reference Intensity Ratio (RIR) method is described. RIR's for the common crystalline phases in fly ashes derived from low rank and bituminous coal are given. The method is semi-quantitative for some phases because of unavoidable overlaps of the stronger peaks suitable for quantitation. Use of the protocol is illustrated with the four fly ash Standard Reference Materials supplied by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Recommendations for implementation of this protocol in other laboratories and for improvements in quantitation of fly ash mineralogy are given.

X-Ray Diffraction Analysis of Fly ASH

1987 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 331-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.J. McCarthy ◽  
D.M. Johansen ◽  
S.J. Steinwand ◽  
A. Thedchanamoorthy
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Diffraction Analysis ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Aluminosilicate Glass ◽  
Low Rank ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Crystalline Phases ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Calcium Aluminosilicate ◽  
Intensity Ratios

AbstractMethods for, and results from, x-ray diffraction analysis of large numbers of fly ash samples obtained from U.S. power plants are described. Qualitative XRD indicates that low-calcium/Class F fly ash (usually derived from bituminous coal) consists typically of the crystalline phases quartz, mullite, hematite and magnetite in a matrix of aluminosilicate glass. Highcalcium fly ash (derived from low-rank coal) has a much more complex assemblage of crystalline phases that typically includes these four phases plus lime, periclase, anhydrite, alkali sulfates, tricalcium aluminate, dicalcium silicate, melilite, merwinlte and a sodalite-structure phase. Glass compositions among the particles are more heterogeneous and range from calcium aluminate to sodium calcium aluminosilicate, Every ash studied Is mixed with an internal Intensity standard (rutile) so that Intensity ratios can be used to make comparisons of the relative amounts of crystalline phases. An error analysis was performed to define the level of uncertainty in making these comparisons. These intensity ratios will be used for quantitative XRD phase analyses when reference intensity ratios for each fly ash phase become available.

Aggregate structure evolution of low-rank coals during pyrolysis by in-situ X-ray diffraction

2013 ◽  
Vol 116-117 ◽  
pp. 262-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meifen Li ◽  
Fangui Zeng ◽  
Haizhou Chang ◽  
Bingshe Xu ◽  
Wei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Low Rank ◽  
Structure Evolution ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Aggregate Structure ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Low Rank Coals

Microstructure and Physical Properties of Clay-Polymer Composites

2000 ◽  
Vol 628 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.N. Blanton ◽  
D. Majumdar ◽  
S.M. Melpolder
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Basal Plane ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Layered Clay

ABSTRACTClay-polymer nanoparticulate composite materials are evaluated by the X-ray diffraction technique. The basal plane spacing provided information about the degree of intercalation and exfoliation of the 2: 1 layered clay structure. Both intercalation and exfoliation are controlled by the identity of the polymer and the clay:polymer ratio.

Physical and Mechanical Properties of Cement Paste Were Used Partially with Fly Ash and Kaolin Waste

2017 ◽  
Vol 866 ◽  
pp. 199-203
Author(s):  
Chidchanok Chainej ◽  
Suparut Narksitipan ◽  
Nittaya Jaitanong
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Lime Water ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Iron Mold

The aims of this research were study the microstructures and mechanical properties for partial replacement of cement with Fly ash (FA) and kaolin waste (KW). Ordinary Portland cement were partially replaced with FA and KW in the range of 25-35% and 10-25% by weight of cement powder. The kaolin waste was ground for 180 minutes before using. The specimen was packing into an iron mold which sample size of 5×5×5 cm3. Then, the specimens were kept at room temperature for 24 hours and were moist cured in the incubation lime water bath at age of 3 days. After that the specimens were dry cured with plastic wrap at age of 3, 7, 14 and 28 days. After that the compounds were examined by x-ray diffraction patterns (XRD) and the microstructures were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The compressive strength was then investigated.

Monitoring of Fluctuations in the Physical and Chemical Properties of a High-Calcium Fly Ash

1987 ◽  
Vol 113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Schlorholtz ◽  
Ken Bergeson ◽  
Turgut Demirel
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
High Calcium ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

ABSTRACTThe physical and chemical properties of fly ash produced at Ottumwa Generating Station have been monitored since April, 1985. The fly ash is produced from burning a low sulfur, sub-bituminous coal obtained from the Powder River Basin near Gillette, Wyoming. One-hundred and sixty samples of fly ash were obtained during the two year period. All of the samples were subjected to physical testing as specified by ASTM C 311. About one-hundred of the samples were also subjected to a series of tests designed to monitor the self-cementing properties of the fly ash. Many of the fly ash samples were subjected to x-ray diffraction and fluorescence analysis to define the mineralogical and chemical composition of the bulk fly ash as a function of sampling date. Hydration products in selected hardened fly ash pastes, were studied by x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The studies indicated that power plant operating conditions influenced the compressive strength of the fly ash paste specimens. Mineralogical and morphological studies of the fly ash pastes indicated that stratlingite formation occurred in the highstrength specimens, while ettringite was the major hydration product evident in the low-strength specimens.

scholarly journals Thermal, Structural, and Physical Properties of Freeze Dried Tropical Fruit Powder

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Athmaselvi ◽  
C. Kumar ◽  
M. Balasubramanian ◽  
Ishita Roy
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Tropical Fruit ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Fruit Powder ◽  
Lcr Meter

This study evaluates the physical properties of freeze dried tropical (guava, sapota, and papaya) fruit powders. Thermal stability and weight loss were evaluated using TGA-DSC and IR, which showed pectin as the main solid constituent. LCR meter measured electrical conductivity, dielectric constant, and dielectric loss factor. Functional groups assessed by FTIR showed presence of chlorides, and O–H and N–H bonds in guava, chloride and C–H bond in papaya, and chlorides, and C=O and C–H bonds in sapota. Particle size and type of starch were evaluated by X-ray diffraction and microstructure through scanning electronic microscopy. A semicrystalline profile and average particle size of the fruit powders were evidenced by X-ray diffraction and lamellar/spherical morphologies by SEM. Presence of A-type starch was observed in all three fruits. Dependence of electric and dielectric properties on frequency and temperature was observed.

scholarly journals Characterization of Fly Ash Generated from Matla Power Station in Mpumalanga, South Africa

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1788-1795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olushola S. Ayanda ◽  
Olalekan S. Fatoki ◽  
Folahan A. Adekola ◽  
Bhekumusa J. Ximba
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Coal Fly Ash ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Point Of Zero Charge ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Power Station ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry

In this study, fly ash was obtained from Matla power station and the physicochemical properties investigated. The fly ash was characterized by x-ray fluorescence, x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Surface area, particle size, ash and carbon contents, pH, and point of zero charge were also measured. The results showed that the fly ash is alkaline and consists mainly of mullite (Al6Si2O13) and quartz (SiO2). Highly toxic metals As, Sb, Cd, Cr, and Pb as well as metals that are essential to health in trace amounts were also present. The storage and disposal of coal fly ash can thus lead to the release of leached metals into soils, surface and ground waters, find way into the ecological systems and then cause harmful effect to man and its environments.

Influence of Fly Ash on Corrosion Resistance of Refractory Forsterite-Spinel Ceramics

2021 ◽  
Vol 325 ◽  
pp. 181-187
Author(s):  
Martin Nguyen ◽  
Radomír Sokolář
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transition Zones ◽  
Refractory Ceramics ◽  
Scanning Electron

This article examines the influence of fly ash on corrosion resistance of refractory forsterite-spinel ceramics by molten iron as a corrosive medium. Fly ash in comparison with alumina were used as raw materials and sources of aluminium oxide for synthesis of forsterite-spinel refractory ceramics. Raw materials were milled, mixed in different ratios into two sets of mixtures and sintered at 1550°C for 2 hours. Samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis and thermal dilatometric analysis. Crucibles were then made from the fired ceramic mixtures and fired together with iron at its melting point of 1535°C for 5 hours. The corrosion resistance was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy on the transition zones between iron and ceramics. Mixtures with increased amount of spinel had higher corrosion resistance and mixtures with fly ash were comparable to mixtures with alumina in terms of corrosion resistance and refractory properties.

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