Stroboscopic X-Ray Diffraction Measurements of sub-ns Domain Dynamics in Ferroelectric Films

2004 ◽  
Vol 833 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Zolotoyabko ◽  
J. P. Quintana ◽  
D. J. Towner ◽  
B. W. Wessels
Keyword(s):  
Electric Fields ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
Argonne National Laboratory ◽  
Electrical Circuit ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Field Frequency ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Electric Field Frequency ◽  
Domain Motions ◽  
Domain Dynamics

ABSTRACTWe used the Advanced Photon Source (APS) at Argonne National Laboratory to perform fast (ps range) time-resolved diffraction measurements of the dynamic characteristics in BaTiO3 films subjected to strong high-frequency electric fields. The time-dependent lattice response measured at frequencies between 6.5 MHz and 1.3 GHz revealed damped domain movements with attenuation time rapidly increasing with electric field frequency, v. We found that at frequencies higher than ν ∼ 600 MHz the domain motions in BaTiO3 films become heavily damped, information that may be important to future device operation. A minimum attenuation time, τ ∼ 330 ps, measured at ν = 1.3 GHz was limited by the time constant of the electrical circuit.

scholarly journals Maximum a posteriori estimation of crystallographic phases in X-ray diffraction tomography

2015 ◽  
Vol 373 (2043) ◽  
pp. 20140392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doĝa Gürsoy ◽  
Tekin Biçer ◽  
Jonathan D. Almer ◽  
Raj Kettimuthu ◽  
Stuart R. Stock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Laboratory ◽  
Spinous Process ◽  
Argonne National Laboratory ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Polycrystalline Materials ◽  
Reconstruction Method ◽  
Diffraction Tomography ◽  
A Posteriori ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

A maximum a posteriori approach is proposed for X-ray diffraction tomography for reconstructing three-dimensional spatial distribution of crystallographic phases and orientations of polycrystalline materials. The approach maximizes the a posteriori density which includes a Poisson log-likelihood and an a priori term that reinforces expected solution properties such as smoothness or local continuity. The reconstruction method is validated with experimental data acquired from a section of the spinous process of a porcine vertebra collected at the 1-ID-C beamline of the Advanced Photon Source, at Argonne National Laboratory. The reconstruction results show significant improvement in the reduction of aliasing and streaking artefacts, and improved robustness to noise and undersampling compared to conventional analytical inversion approaches. The approach has the potential to reduce data acquisition times, and significantly improve beamtime efficiency.

Powder X-ray diffraction of capecitabine, C15H22FN3O6

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 282-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Kaduk ◽  
Amy M. Gindhart ◽  
Thomas N. Blanton
Keyword(s):  
Diffraction Data ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
Argonne National Laboratory ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Orthorhombic Space Group ◽  
Acta Cryst ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Data Density ◽  
Structure Determinations

Capecitabine (Xeloda) is a chemotherapy drug used to treat breast, gastric, and colorectal cancers. Commercial capecitabine crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group P212121 (#19) with a = 5.20587(3), b = 9.52324(4), c = 34.79574(21) Å, V = 1725.062(12) Å3, and Z = 4. A reduced cell search in the Cambridge Structural Database (Groom C. R., Bruno, I. J., Lightfoot, M. P., and Ward, S. C. (2016) Crystallogr. Sect. B: Struct. Sci., Cryst. Eng. Mater.72, 171–179) yielded three previous structure determinations (Rohlicek, J., Husak, M., Gavenda, A., Jegorov, A., Kratochvil, B., and Fitch, A. (2016). Acta Cryst. Sect. E: Crystallgr. Commun.72, 879–880, BOVDUM; Malińska, M., Krzeczyński, P., Czerniec-Michalik, E., Trzcińska, K., Cmoch, P., Kutner, A., and Woźniak, K. (2014). J. Pharm. Sci.103, 587–593, BOVDUM01 and BOVDUM02), using synchrotron powder data and later single crystal data at two temperatures. In this work, the sample was ordered from United States Pharmacopeial Convention (lot # G0J205), and analyzed as-received. The room temperature (295 K) crystal structure was refined using synchrotron (λ = 0.413914 Å) powder diffraction data, density functional theory (DFT), and Rietveld refinement techniques. Hydrogen positions were included as part of the structure, and were re-calculated during the refinement. The diffraction data were collected on a beamline 11-BM at the Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory and the powder X-ray diffraction pattern of the compound is provided. The agreement of the Rietveld-refined and DFT-optimized structures is poorest in the pentyl side chain, consistent with the disorder observed previously.

Time-resolved studies of the order–disorder phase transformations in rare-earth–transition metal intermetallics with 2-17 stoichiometry

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 2886-2896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.Y. Kostogorova-Beller ◽  
M.J. Kramer ◽  
J.E. Shield
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Phase Transformations ◽  
Rietveld Method ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
Argonne National Laboratory ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Lattice Parameters ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Alloying Additions

High-temperature order–disorder transformations in R2T17 and R2T17-M-C intermetallics with R = Pr, Sm, Dy, Tb; T = Co, Fe; and M = Zr, Nb were studied utilizing time-resolved synchrotron x-ray diffraction at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) at the U.S. Department of Energy’s Argonne National Laboratory (Argonne, IL). High-energy synchrotron radiation provides intense, highly penetrating x-rays, which are ideal for in situ studies of phase transformations. Alloying additions are used to stabilize formation of metastable phases; their influence on order recovery was investigated. The experimental setup utilized Debye–Scherrer geometry; specimens were heated at a rate of 10 K/min. Full-profile diffraction patterns collected every 10 s were refined in sequence using the Rietveld method to track changes of lattice parameters and phase assemblages during heating. Sharp changes observed in the evolution of temperature-dependent lattice parameters suggested formation of ordered structure via nucleation and growth. Both 2-17 polymorphs co-existed in light and heavy rare-earth systems at high temperatures. The presence of alloying additions in the solid solution greatly influenced long-range order formation.

scholarly journals High-Speed Flow Visualization of a Canonical Airblast Atomizer Using Synchrotron X-Rays

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore J. Heindel ◽  
Timothy B. Morgan ◽  
Thomas J. Burtnett ◽  
Julie K. Bothell ◽  
Danyu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Near Field ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
Bubble Formation ◽  
Liquid Core ◽  
Argonne National Laboratory ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Spray Formation

Abstract Liquid sprays play a key role in many engineering processes and the dynamics at the nozzle exit have a significant impact on the downstream spray characteristics. However, visualizing the spray in this region is extremely challenging because, under most operating conditions, the spray is optically dense. High intensity white beam X-rays, like those found at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) at Argonne National Laboratory, can be used to produce time-resolved measurements of the liquid-gas structures in the spray near-field region. In this study, high temporal and spatial resolution X-ray images were acquired at the 7-BM beamline at APS of an atomization process using a canonical airblast atomizer consisting of coaxial liquid and gas jets. Unique flow structures were observed under various operating conditions, including bag, ligament, wisp, droplet, and air bubble formation, as well as hollowing of the liquid core into a crown at the liquid needle exit. Conditions where these structures exist are presented and their impact on spray formation are discussed.

Synthesis of (PVA/PEG: ZnO and Co3O4) Nanocomposites: Characterization and Gamma Ray Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 47-56
Author(s):  
Hanan H. Jassim ◽  
Fouad Sh. Hashim
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Polymer Nanocomposite ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Polymeric Matrix ◽  
Nanocomposite Films ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Field Frequency ◽  
Electric Field Frequency ◽  
Solution Cast ◽  
Ft Ir

Polymer blend (PVA/PEG) and its nanocomposites with constant ZnO and different ratios of Co3O4 NPs films synthesized using solution cast technique. The obtained products were identified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Optical characteristics have been studied by UV-visible spectroscopy. FT-IR spectra confirmed of the produce the functional groups present in polymer nanocomposite systems. XRD analysis confirmed the formation nanocomposite films more crystalline from the polymeric matrix. SEM showed a powerful dispersion of ZnO and Co3O4 NPs on the surface of the polymeric matrix. The D.C electrical conductivity of the polymeric system (PVA/PEG) increases after addition of and Co3O4 NPs for all temperatures under test. D.C measurements indicate that all films having one activation energy, and that its value increases with the increase in the percentage of addition. The A.C electrical properties showed that the dielectric constant and dielectric loss for all films decreases with the increase of the electric field frequency, and that its values increase with the increasing of the wt.% of Co3O4 NPs. The (PVA/PEG) and its nanocomposite with ZnO and different wt.% of Co3O4 films have good linear attenuation coefficients for gamma ray radiation.

Thermal Expansion of Ti5Si3 with Ge, B, C, N, or O Additions

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 1780-1785 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Williams ◽  
M. J. Kramer ◽  
M. Akinc
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Expansion ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
Argonne National Laboratory ◽  
High Energy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Synchrotron Source ◽  
Cornell University ◽  
Thermal Expansion Coefficients ◽  
Expansion Coefficients ◽  
Photon Source

The crystallographic thermal expansion coefficients of Ti5Si3 from 20 to 1000 °C as a function of B, C, N, O, or Ge content were measured by high-temperature x-ray diffraction using synchrotron sources at Cornell University (Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source; CHESS) and Argonne National Laboratory (Advanced Photon Source; APS). Whereas the ratio of the thermal expansion coefficients along the c and a axes was approximately 3 for pure Ti5Si3, this ratio decreased to about 2 when B, C, or N atoms were added. Additions of O and Ge were less efficient at reducing this thermal expansion anisotropy. The extent by which the thermal expansion was changed when B, C, N, or O atoms were added to Ti5Si3 correlated with their expected effect on bonding in Ti5Si3.

Electrical Tomography Sensing and Dielectrophoresis in Microchannel for 3D Particle Mixing

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Tantiyani Ali Othman ◽  
Je-Eun Choi ◽  
Masahiro Takei
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Electrical Tomography ◽  
Field Frequency ◽  
Particle Mixing ◽  
Measurement Plane ◽  
Electric Field Frequency ◽  
The Relationship

The present study describes the electrical tomography sensing and dielectrophoresis (DEP) force for visualize the 3D particle mixing in the microchannel system. In the presence of non-uniform electric fields generated by point microelectrodes, the dynamic distribution behaviors of a polystyrene particle and deionized water had been investigated in this system. Microchannel was fabricated with five cross sections where 12 electrodes were installed for each measurement plane. In this experiment, the relationship between electric field frequency and DEP force of particles are calculated at different electric frequencies and diameter of particles. The applied electric field intensities are E = ±1 V/mm, ±3 V/mm and ±5 V/mm while the electric field frequencies are f = 1 kHz, 10 kHz, 100 kHz and 1 MHz and the diameter of particles are 1.3μm, 1.5μm and 2.0μm are investigated in this experiment. Simultaneously, imaged by manipulating tomography sensing at cross section A, C and D and the coupled DEP forces at cross section B and D, the particles flowing had been visualized and concentrate uniformly at near the outlets. The electrical capacitances and DEP forces between the electrode pairs of the microchannel were measured and the ECT tomograms representing the particle distribution were constructed from the measured capacitance data for each cross section in microchannel.

Nanosecond-Scale Domain Dynamics in BaTiO 3 Probed by Time-Resolved X-Ray Diffraction

2003 ◽  
Vol 290 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Zolotoyabko ◽  
J. P. Quintana ◽  
D. J. Towner ◽  
B. H. Hoerman ◽  
B. W. Wessels
Keyword(s):  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Domain Dynamics

Pyromorphite formation and stability after quick lime neutralisation in the presence of soil and clay sorbents

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Chappell ◽  
Kirk G. Scheckel
Keyword(s):  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
Argonne National Laboratory ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Quick Lime ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Soil Systems ◽  
Diffraction Patterns

Environmental context. Questions remain regarding the potential risk of human Pb exposure from metal-contaminated soils. Studies show that the risk of human exposure is more accurately linked to the toxicity of the Pb species in soil than the total quantity of Pb. This work explores the practicality of converting Pb to a less toxic, less bioavailable species called pyromorphite in the presence of soil. Abstract. Soluble Pb is immobilised in pure systems as pyromorphite by adding sources of P, but doubts remain about the effectiveness of this approach in natural soil systems, particularly given the ability of soil humic substances to interfere with Pb-mineral formation. In addition, recent thermodynamic modelling predicts that pyromorphite formed by the addition of phosphoric acid to Pb-contaminated soils, followed by neutralisation with quick lime (Ca(OH)2) will destabilise the mineral, reverting the Pb back to more soluble species such as cerussite or anglesite. In this paper, we describe experiments to form pyromorphite in the presence of two different sorbents: a reference smectite called Panther Creek Bentonite, and a commercially available, organically rich potting mixture. We present X-ray diffraction (XRD) evidence suggestive of pyromorphite formation, yet, like similar studies, the evidence is less than conclusive. Linear combination fits of Pb X-ray absorption fine-structure spectroscopy (XAFS) data collected at the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory show that pyromorphite is the major Pb species formed after the addition of phosphoric acid. Furthermore, XAFS data shows that neutralising with quick lime enhances (as opposed to reducing) pyromorphite content in these systems. These results call into question relying solely on XRD data to confirm or deny the existence of minerals like pyromorphite, whose complex morphology give less intense and more complicated diffraction patterns than some of the simpler Pb minerals.

scholarly journals Dispersion of Switching Processes in Ferroelectric Ceramics

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
O. V. Malyshkina ◽  
Anton Yurievich Eliseev ◽  
R. M. Grechishkin
Keyword(s):  
Electric Fields ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
High Amplitude ◽  
Wide Frequency Range ◽  
The Self ◽  
Ferroelectric Ceramics ◽  
Field Frequency ◽  
Self Heating ◽  
Electric Field Frequency

The influence of the switching processes on self-heating of ferroelectric PZT ceramics samples was studied in high-amplitude sine and meander electric fields in a wide frequency range of 50 to 1500 Hz. It is shown that the linear dependence of the self-heating temperature on the electric field frequency is observed only in low-frequency region. It was found that there exists a maximum on the frequency dependence of the self-heating temperature. The critical frequency fcr corresponding to this maximum depends on both the properties of the material and geometry of the sample.

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