Kinetics of Oxidation of Ni Aluminide Exposed to Oxygen-Sulfur Atmospheres

1986 ◽  
Vol 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Natesan
Keyword(s):  
Nickel Aluminide ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
Argonne National Laboratory ◽  
Alumina Scale ◽  
Gas Mixture ◽  
Development Effort ◽  
Kinetics Of Oxidation ◽  
Oak Ridge ◽  
Energy Applications ◽  
Kinetics Of

AbstractAs part of a development effort on nickel aluminides based on Ni3Al as structural materials for fossil energy applications, oxidation/sulfidation studies are being conducted at Argonne National Laboratory on materials that are being developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Sheet samples of nickel aluminide, containing 23.5 at, % Al, 0.5 at. % Hf, and 0.2 at. % B were tested in an annealed condition and after preoxidation treatments. Continuous weight-change measurements were made at 875°C by a thermogravimetric technique in exposure atmospheres of air, a low-p02 gas mixture, and low-p02 gas mixtures with several levels of sulfur. getailed analyses of the corhosion product scale layers were conducted using a scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive x-ray analyzer and an electron microprobe. The air-exposed specimens developed predominantly nickel oxide; the specimen exposed to a low-p02 environment developed an aluminum oxide scale. As the sulfur content of the gas mixture increased, the alumina scale exhibited spallation and the alloy tended to form nickel sulfide as the reaction phase. The results indicated that the sulfidation reaction in nickel aluminide specimens (both bare and preoxidized) was determined by the rate of transport of nickel from the substrate through the scale to the gas/alumina scale interface, mechanical integrity of the scale, and the H2S concentration in the exposure environment.

Development of Testing Methodologies for Onsite Radioactive Material Storage Containers

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew R. Feldman
Keyword(s):  
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
Nuclear Material ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Radioactive Material ◽  
Development Effort ◽  
Nuclear Facilities ◽  
Los Alamos National Laboratory ◽  
Oak Ridge ◽  
Transportation Technologies

Based on a recommendation from the Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board, the Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Nuclear Safety Policy and Assistance (HS-21) has recently issued DOE Manual 441.1-1 entitled Nuclear Material Packaging Manual. This manual provides guidance regarding the use of non-engineered storage media for all special nuclear material throughout the DOE complex. As part of this development effort, HS-21 has funded the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Transportation Technologies Group (TTG) to develop and demonstrate testing protocols for such onsite containers. ORNL TTG to date has performed preliminary tests of representative onsite containers from Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and Los Alamos National Laboratory. This paper will describe the testing processes that have been developed.

scholarly journals NDE Development for Ceramics for Advanced Heat Engines

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. McClung ◽  
D. R. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Process Development ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
Argonne National Laboratory ◽  
Ceramic Technology ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Oak Ridge ◽  
Heat Engines ◽  
X Ray Computed

Following an assessment of needs for NDT and characterization of ceramics for the DOE program, Ceramic Technology for Advanced Heat Engines (CTAHE), many NDT projects have been implemented under the sponsorship of CTAHE to address the needs. Tasks at Argonne National Laboratory have involved X-ray computed tomography and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging. The Oak Ridge National Laboratory has emphasized high-frequency ultrasonics, low-voltage radiography, and an advanced system for X-ray computed tomography. A brief investigation was made by Radiation Sciences, Inc., into the feasibility of synchrotron-computed tomography for ceramics. New programs recently initiated at Allison and Garrett integrate ultrasonics, radiography, and other methods into a major effort on life prediction. New programs at Norton and GTE on advanced processing of ceramics also place heavy emphasis on several methods of NDT for process development and control. Initial work on NDT standards has begun in ASTM Committees E-7 and C-28.

Amorphization Kinetics of Zr (Cr,Fe)2 Under Ion Irradiation

1992 ◽  
Vol 279 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. T. Motta ◽  
L. M. Howe ◽  
P. R. Okamoto
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Irradiation ◽  
Ion Irradiation ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
Argonne National Laboratory ◽  
Matrix Interface ◽  
Thin Foils ◽  
Intermetallic Precipitates ◽  
Kinetics Of

ABSTRACTThin foils of Zircaloy-4 were irradiated with 350 KeV 40Ar ions in the dual ion beam/HVEM facility at Argonne National Laboratory at 300 – 650 K. The irradiation-induced araorphization of the intermetallic precipitates Zr (Cr, Fe)2 and Zr2 (Ni, Fe) was studied in situ. For Zr (Cr,Fe)2 precipitates the dose-to-amorphization was found to increase exponentially with temperature, with a critical temperature of about 650 K. The amorphization morphology was shown to be homogeneous, with no preferential site for nucleation, in contrast to neutron-irradiation amorphization which started at the precipitate-matrix interface. For Zr2 (Ni,Fe) precipitates it was found that amorphization occurred at 550 K and 600 K, whereas in neutron irradiation no amorphization has been observed at those temperatures. The results are discussed in the context of the previous experimental results of neutron and electron irradiation and likely amorphization mechanisms are proposed.

Building the TeraGrid

2005 ◽  
Vol 363 (1833) ◽  
pp. 1715-1728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter H Beckman
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
Argonne National Laboratory ◽  
The United States ◽  
Parallel Computer ◽  
Software Environment ◽  
Distributed Resources ◽  
Oak Ridge ◽  
California Institute Of Technology ◽  
Institute Of Technology

On 1 October 2004, the most ambitious high-performance Grid project in the United States—the TeraGrid—became fully operational. Resources at nine sites—the San Diego Supercomputer Center, the California Institute of Technology, the National Center for Supercomputing Applications, the University of Chicago/Argonne National Laboratory, Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center, Texas Advanced Computing Center, Purdue University, Indiana University and Oak Ridge National Laboratory—were joined via an ultra-fast optical network, unified policies and security procedures and a sophisticated distributed computing software environment. Funded by the National Science Foundation, the TeraGrid enables scientists and engineers to combine distributed, multiple data sources with computation at any of the sites or link massively parallel computer simulations to extreme-resolution visualizations at remote sites. A single shared utility lets multiple resources be easily leveraged and provides improved access to advanced computational capabilities. One of the demonstrations of this new model for using distributed resources, Teragyroid, linked the infrastructure of the TeraGrid with computing resources in the United Kingdom via a transatlantic data fibre link. Once connected, the software framework of the RealityGrid project was used to successfully explore lattice-Boltzmann simulations involving lattices of over one billion sites.

Auxiliary Beam Stress Improved Laser Welding for Repair of Irradiated Light Water Reactor Components

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Chen ◽  
Jonathan Tatman ◽  
Zhili Feng ◽  
Roger Miller ◽  
Wei Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Welding ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Nuclear Reactor ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Light Water Reactor ◽  
Development Effort ◽  
Light Water ◽  
Water Reactor ◽  
Oak Ridge

Abstract The welding task focuses on development of advanced welding technologies for repair and maintenance of nuclear reactor structural components to safely and cost-effectively extend the service life of nuclear power reactors. This paper presents an integrated research and development effort by the Department of Energy Light Water Reactor Sustainability Program through the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) and Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) to develop a patent-pending technology, Auxiliary Beam Stress Improved Laser Welding Technique, that proactively manages the stresses during laser repair welding of highly irradiated reactor internals without helium induced cracking (HeIC). Finite element numerical simulations and in-situ temperature and strain experimental validation have been utilized to identify candidate welding conditions to achieve significant stress compression near the weld pool during cooling. Preliminary welding experiments were performed on irradiated stainless-steel plates (Type 304L). Post-weld characterization reveals that no macroscopic HeIC was observed.

Proof-of-Concept Flowsheet Tests for Cesium Removal from Tank Waste by Caustic-Side Solvent Extraction

2002 ◽  
Vol 713 ◽  
Author(s):  
David B. Chamberlain ◽  
Scott Aase ◽  
Hassan A. Arafat ◽  
Cliff Conner ◽  
Ralph A. Leonard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
Argonne National Laboratory ◽  
Decontamination Factor ◽  
High Level Waste ◽  
Savannah River ◽  
Alkyl Aryl ◽  
Oak Ridge ◽  
Cesium Removal ◽  
Tank Waste

ABSTRACTA caustic-side solvent extraction (CSSX) process to remove cesium from Savannah River Site (SRS) high-level waste has been developed through a joint program with Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), the Savannah River Technical Center (SRTC), and Argonne National Laboratory (ANL). The CSSX solvent consists of four components: (1) an extractant, a calixarene crown, calix[4]arene-bis(tert-octylbenzo-crown-6) designated BOBCalixC6, (2) a modifier, an alkyl aryl polyether, 1-(2,2,3,3,-tetrafluoropropoxy)-3-(4-sec-butylphenoxy)-2-propanol, also called Cs-7SB, (3) a suppressant, an alkyl amine, trioctylamine (TOA), and (4) a diluent, Isopar®L. The solvent composition is 0.01 M BOBCalixC6, 0.50 M Cs-7SB, and 0.001 M TOA in Isopar®L. In this program we have developed and demonstrated a flowsheet that can be used to process SRS tank waste. To this end, a series of flowsheet tests were completed using simulated waste in a 2-cm centrifugal contactor at ANL. Three short-term (3-4 hours) tests were completed to demonstrate various aspects of the flowsheet. These tests were followed by a 71-h test where the solvent was recycled 42 times. In each case, we met or exceeded the key process goals: (1) cesium removal from the waste with a decontamination factor greater than 40,000, (2) concentration of cesium in the aqueous strip effluent by a factor of 15 using dilute nitric acid, and (3) stripping the solvent sufficiently to allow it to be recycled many times. The results from the 71-h test are discussed.

Tracking Systems Evaluation for the “Hybrid Lighting System”

Solar Energy ◽  
2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Beshears ◽  
G. J. Capps ◽  
D. D. Earl ◽  
J. K. Jordan ◽  
L. C. Maxey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical System ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
Development Effort ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Tracking Systems ◽  
Lighting System ◽  
Oak Ridge ◽  
Solar Tracker

As part of the design and development effort for the “Hybrid Lighting System,” Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) scientists have evaluated two potential candidate-tracking systems for the solar collector. The first system, the WattSun Solar Tracker, built by Array Technologies, utilizes a patented, closed loop, optical sun sensor to sense the sun’s position and track it. The second tracking system, SolarTrak Controller, built by Enhancement Electronics, Inc., is a micro controller-based tracking system. The SolarTrak micro controller-based Tracker’s sun position is determined by computing the celestial bearing of the sun with respect to the earth using the local time, date, latitude, longitude and time zone rather than sensing the relative bearing of the sun with optical receptors. This system connects directly to the mechanical system hardware supplied by Array Technologies. Both the WattSun Solar Tracker and the SolarTrak Controller were mounted on the prototype “Hybrid Lighting” mechanical system (array) hardware. A simple switch allowed independent testing of each system. Upon completion of the evaluation of the two systems we found the WattSun Solar Tracker controller to be unacceptable for use with our prototype hybrid lighting system. The SolarTrak Controller has performed well to date and provides suitable tracking accuracy for use with our prototype “Hybrid Lighting System”. After a six-month evaluation period at ORNL, the first prototype “Hybrid Lighting System” was installed at Ohio University as part of an “Enhanced Practical Photosynthetic CO2 Mitigation.” This document will highlight the results of the tracker investigation and outline the remaining issues to be addressed, to provide a suitable tracking system for our “Hybrid Lighting” collector.

Ammonia Condensation on Smooth and Fluted Aluminum Tubes

1982 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Domingo ◽  
J. W. Michel
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Flux ◽  
Tube Bundle ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
Argonne National Laboratory ◽  
Smooth Tube ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Oak Ridge ◽  
Aluminum Tubes ◽  
Overall Performance

Experiments relative to heat exchangers for ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) systems have been completed for ammonia condensing on the outside of four aluminum tubes of three types: a smooth tube, a single (external) fluted tube, and two double (internal/external) fluted tubes. Composite heat transfer coefficients (coefficients that include vapor-side plus wall resistance) are reported for a smooth tube condensing horizontally and at various tilt angles, and for a single-fluted tube condensing vertically. Overall heat transfer data are given for both double-fluted tubes. The primary conclusions from this study were as follows: (a) smooth tube condensing performance was maximum for the horizontal orientation, where, for a given heat flux, composite coefficients were 2.1 times vertical smooth tube (1.2 m long) values; (b) a vertically oriented, single-fluted tube gave the highest performance among the tubes studied with composite condensing coefficients, at a given heat flux, up to 5.2 times the vertical smooth tube values; (c) overall performance for a tube with inside and outside flutes was 25 percent greater than observed for a tube having identical outside flutes but a smooth inside surface; (d) overall performance was virtually unchanged for a double-fluted aluminum tube as the number of external flutes was reduced from 45 to 36; and (e) overall heat transfer results from Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) double-fluted, vertical, single-tube tests were in approximate agreement with vertical, double-fluted condenser tube bundle data obtained by the Argonne National Laboratory (ANL).

scholarly journals Introduction: Frontiers of Electron Microscopy in Materials Science

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 377-377
Author(s):  
Wayne King
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
National Science Foundation ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
Argonne National Laboratory ◽  
Brookhaven National Laboratory ◽  
Oak Ridge ◽  
National Science ◽  
Materials Research

The Ninth Frontiers of Electron Microscopy in Materials Science Conference (FEMMS 2003) was held October 5–10, 2003 at the Claremont Resort and Spa in Berkeley, CA. Major sponsors for this meeting included Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Argonne National Laboratory, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, National Science Foundation, and University of California at Davis. Sponsors also included LEO Electron Microscopy Ltd. (Carl Zeiss SMT), E. A. Fischione, Inc., Gatan, Inc., Thermo NORAN (Thermo Electron Corp.), FEI Company, Hitachi-HHTA, JEOL USA, Inc., Seiko Instruments, and CEOS GmbH.

scholarly journals A Cradle for New Steel Technologies

1998 ◽  
Vol 120 (11) ◽  
pp. 60-64
Author(s):  
Michael Valenti
Keyword(s):  
Steel Industry ◽  
Nickel Aluminide ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Centrifugally Cast ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Oak Ridge ◽  
Reduce Emissions ◽  
The U.S

The U.S. Department of Energy is reducing various risks through its Office of Industrial Technologies (OIT), which shares the cost of developing and implementing technologies that promise to save energy, reduce emissions, and increase productivity of the US steel industry. The OIT signed a compact with the American Iron and Steel Institute and the Steel Manufacturers' Association in May 1995 to collaborate with the U.S. steel industry on three critical research and development areas: process efficiency, recycling, and environmental engineering. Researchers at Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Tennessee developed the nickel aluminide alloy for the rollers, which were centrifugally cast by Sandusky International in Sandusky, OH. This material has superior temperature resistance, which gives it longer service life in the annealing furnace than conventional stainless steel. A phosphor-based sensing technology being tested at Burns Harbor will enable steelmakers to accurately measure the temperature of highly reflective steel strips whose emissivity can skew the readings of optical pyrometers.

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