Zeolite - Salt Occlusion: A Potential Route for the Immobilisation of Iodine-129?

2003 ◽  
Vol 807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil C. Hyatt ◽  
Joseph A. Hriljac ◽  
Alia Choudhry ◽  
Laura Malpass ◽  
Gareth P. Sheppard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Uniform Distribution ◽  
Crystalline Phase ◽  
Thermally Stable ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Single Crystalline ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Elemental Silver

ABSTRACTReactions of zeolite Na-A with AgI, and the sodium, copper and lead forms of zeolites A, LTA, X and Y with NaI, have been examined as possible starting routes to the long term immobilisation of iodine-129. Heating the salts in air, at 500°C, with the sodium forms of the zeolites leads to the formation of occlusion products, where the iodide salt migrates into the zeolite pores. Detailed studies of the Na-A / 5AgI complex indicate it has a uniform distribution of Na, Si, Al, Ag and I, and is thermally stable to ca. 750°C, where there is a substantial weight loss as iodine is released. In situ powder X-ray diffraction studies have been used to monitor the occlusion reaction at 400°C, and show that the occlusion product decomposes to produce a single crystalline phase at 800°C prior to further decomposition at 850°C to a mixture of nepheline and elemental silver.

scholarly journals Mechanistic insight of KBiQ2 (Q = S, Se) using panoramic synthesis towards synthesis-by-design

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca McClain ◽  
Christos D. Malliakas ◽  
Jiahong Shen ◽  
Jiangang He ◽  
Chris Wolverton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystalline Phase ◽  
Phase Evolution ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Panoramic View ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mechanistic Insight

This work uses in situ powder X-ray diffraction studies to observe crystalline phase evolution over the course of multiple K-Bi-Q (Q = S, Se) reactions, thereby constructing a “panoramic” view of each reaction from beginning to end.

Rechargeable nonaqueous lithium/Mo6S8 battery

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 527-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Mulhern ◽  
R. R. Haering
Keyword(s):  
Discharge Rate ◽  
Active Material ◽  
Rate Capability ◽  
Constant Current ◽  
Electrochemical Cells ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Long Cycle Life

Electrochemical cells based on the intercalation of lithium into Mo6S8 were examined by derivative constant current chronopotentiometry, in situ X-ray diffraction, and long-term cycling. About three-quarters of the capacity of such cells oeeurs between 2.0 and 2.1 V with most of the remainder near 2.45 V. Li/Mo6S8 cells have a long cycle life, good discharge rate capability, and an energy density of at least 260 W∙h/kg (1 W∙h = 3.6 kJ) of active material. Such cells can be made by starting with cathodes made from ternary Chevrel phase compounds. AyMo6S8 (A = Cu, Fe, Ni), and electrochemically converting these materials to form LixMo6S8.

Gold model anodes for Li-ion batteries: Single crystalline systems studied by in situ X-ray diffraction

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (21) ◽  
pp. 6064-6069 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.U. Renner ◽  
H. Kageyama ◽  
Z. Siroma ◽  
M. Shikano ◽  
S. Schöder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Single Crystalline ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Li Ion

scholarly journals Upper Paleocene ultramafic igneous rocks offshore mid-Norway: Reinterpretation of the Vestbrona Formation as a sill complex

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. SK103-SK120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amer Hafeez ◽  
Sverre Planke ◽  
Dougal A. Jerram ◽  
John M. Millett ◽  
Dwarika Maharjan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Igneous Rocks ◽  
Contact Metamorphism ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Stratigraphic Framework ◽  
Northwest Europe ◽  
Migration Pathways

Continental breakup between northwest Europe and Greenland (approximately 56 Ma) was associated with widespread magmatism. Silica undersaturated alkaline porphyritic igneous rocks of a similar age have previously been dredged near the mid-Norwegian coast. These igneous rocks of the Vestbrona Formation have previously been interpreted as either igneous plugs or volcanic flows. New 3D seismic data indicate that relatively small sill complexes are abundant in the same region. In total, 36 sills with a size of [Formula: see text] have been mapped. In addition, 10 seismic horizons were interpreted and tied to nearby wells to obtain a robust stratigraphic framework. The sills mainly intrude Cretaceous and Paleocene sequences; however, one sill is also identified in the pre-Cretaceous sequences. The sills locally form erosional remnants on the seabed due to massive uplifting and erosion of the continental margin. Vintage igneous and sedimentary dredge samples have been reanalyzed, including petrography, geochemistry (X-ray fluorescence [XRF], X-ray diffraction [XRD]), biostratigraphy, and Ar-Ar geochronology. The new Ar-Ar data suggest that the sills are 1–2 Ma older than breakup (approximately 57–58 Ma). Furthermore, the biostratigraphy and petrography of two sediment samples suggest that the samples were collected from near in situ subcrops and not of an ice rafted origin. The sediment samples are of Danian age and are strongly metamorphosed, most likely by contact metamorphism resulting from heating during sill emplacement. The newly identified sills have implications for the petroleum prospectivity of the study area including source rock maturation within thermal aureoles and the long-term alteration of fluid migration pathways.

In situmonitoring of powder reactions in percolating solution by wet-cell X-ray diffraction techniques

2003 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 948-949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence N. Warr ◽  
Heiko Hofmann
Keyword(s):  
Open Systems ◽  
Reaction Chamber ◽  
Solution Chemistry ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Standard Powder ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Kinetics Of

This note describes how the kinetics of powder reactions in percolating solution can be studied by X-ray diffraction using a wet-cell flow-through reaction chamber. The device can be routinely moved between diffractometer and controlled laboratory (pressure, temperature) conditions with the ease of a standard powder holder. Short-termin situmeasurements and long-termquasiin situmonitoring of dissolution and crystallization reactions are possible with a minimum of sample preparation and little disturbance of the system. Measuring time-dependent changes in the concentration of crystalline reactants and products provides information for quantifying reaction kinetics and for determining dissolution and crystal growth mechanisms. Results can be compared with changes in solution chemistry of the collected eluate, enabling a more complete reconstruction of heterogeneous crystal–solution reactions in open systems.

Structural Evolution of Amorphous Ge2Sb2Te5 Thin Films in the Transition to the Crystalline Phase

2008 ◽  
Vol 1072 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riccardo De Bastiani ◽  
Alberto Maria Piro ◽  
Maria Grazia Grimaldi ◽  
Emanuele Rimini ◽  
Giuseppe Baratta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Crystalline Phase ◽  
Short Range ◽  
Structural Modification ◽  
Structural Evolution ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Kinetics Of

ABSTRACTThe crystallization kinetics of as-deposited amorphous Ge2Sb2Te5 thin films has been measured by in situ time resolved reflectivity. X-ray diffraction and Raman scattering analyses of partially transformed samples allowed to correlate the evolution of the transition to the structural modification in the long and short range configuration. The experimental results evidenced that during the early stages of crystallization there is a reduction of Ge-Te tetrahedral bonds, characteristics of the Ge coordination in amorphous Ge2Sb2Te5 films.

Exploring the rate dependence of phase evolution in P2-type Na2/3Mn0.8Fe0.1Ti0.1O2

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (19) ◽  
pp. 12115-12125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damian Goonetilleke ◽  
Sunny Wang ◽  
Elena Gonzalo ◽  
Montserrat Galcerán ◽  
Damien Saurel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrode Material ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Structural Evolution ◽  
Phase Evolution ◽  
Sodium Ion ◽  
Sodium Ion Batteries ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

P2-type Na2/3Mn0.8Fe0.1Ti0.1O2, a promising high-performance electrode material for use in ambient temperature sodium-ion batteries, is examined using operando and long-term in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction studies to reveal the structural evolution during battery function.

scholarly journals 1129 UK Based Experience of The Elipsetm Intragastric Balloon; Short Term Safety and Effectiveness

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_6) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Sandhya ◽  
B Oyewole ◽  
I Stefanova ◽  
S Mangat ◽  
S Monkhouse
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Gastric Balloon ◽  
Short Term ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sustained Weight Loss ◽  
Lost To Follow Up

Abstract Aim Intra Gastric Balloons (IGB) have been used over the last three decades as a minimally invasive, non-surgical weight-loss option. The ElipseTM gastric balloon (EIGB) is a ‘procedure-less’ gastric balloon which can be placed in an average of 20 minutes without the need of endoscopy or sedation. The aim of our study is to investigate the first cohort of patients in uk who underwent IGB capsule and short term follow up. Method Single centre retrospective study of the first consecutive 202 patients that had the Eclipse IGB inserted between May 2018 and November 2020. Patients swallow the ElipseTM capsule and pre-inflation x-ray is taken to confirm correct positioning after which the gastric balloon is inflated with 550mls of sterile water and a post-inflation x-ray is taken. The balloon is designed to be in-situ for 4 months and then automatically deflates. Results Out of 202 patients 24 were lost to follow-up, 146 patients followed up to an average of 15 weeks, while 26 patients followed up to 4 weeks. Average weight loss at 4 weeks was 6% Total Weight Loss (%TWL) while at last follow up 9.63% TWL. Majority of patients experienced post procedural reflux, abdominal pain, bloating and vomiting. 6 patients had early removal of the balloon due to severe symptoms (4), pancreatitis (1) and hyperinflation (1). 1 had early expulsion at 2 months. Conclusions Eclipse IGB is safe and effective in selective patients, however long-term follow is needed to compare it with the other balloons in terms of significant and sustained weight loss.

scholarly journals Micro-scale dissolution seams mobilise carbon in deep-sea limestones

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph E. Schrank ◽  
Michael M. W. Jones ◽  
Cameron M. Kewish ◽  
Grant A. van Riessen ◽  
Kathryn E. Elphick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Bulk Sample ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Calcite Cement ◽  
Diffraction Microscopy

AbstractMeasuring the amount of carbon captured in deep-sea limestones is fundamental to understanding the long-term carbon cycle because pelagic limestones represent Earth’s largest carbon sink since the mid-Mesozoic. However, their contribution to the long-term carbon cycle is poorly quantified. Here, we use X-ray fluorescence and scanning X-ray diffraction microscopy for high-resolution chemical and structural analysis of pelagic limestone from the Paleocene Kaiwhata Formation in New Zealand. We identify densely packed diagenetic micro-dissolution seams that are invisible to light and electron-beam microscopes in most cases. Mass-balance calculations indicate that individual seams remove ~50% of the calcite mud matrix while their bulk-sample carbon loss adds up to ~10%. The liberated carbon is trapped in situ as calcite cement or returned to the ocean during physical compaction or soft-sediment deformation. We suggest micro-dissolution structures may play an important role in the long-term carbon cycle by modulating carbon exchange between the geosphere and hydrosphere.

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