The Conservation of Ancient Glass

2002 ◽  
Vol 757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Boccia Paterakis
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Ancient Glass ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Corrosion Mechanisms ◽  
Fill Materials

ABSTRACTGlass undergoes various corrosion mechanisms during burial. The state of deterioration and corrosion phenomena are deciding factors in the choice of conservation materials and techniques. Among the conservation treatments reviewed for ancient, archaeological glass are pre-treatment storage, cleaning, consolidation of weakened and de-vitrified glass, adhesives for reconstruction, and fill materials for restoration. The most recent materials and techniques used by conservators are presented. The concepts of permanence and reversibility with regard to conservation methods and materials are examined.

Two native types of phytochrome A, phyAʹ and phyAʺ, differ by the state of phosphorylation at the N-terminus as revealed by fluorescence investigations of the Ser/Ala mutant of rice phyA expressed in transgenic Arabidopsis

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitaly A. Sineshchekov ◽  
Larissa A. Koppel ◽  
Cordelia Bolle
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Arabidopsis ◽  
Emission Spectra ◽  
Total Content ◽  
The State ◽  
Serine Phosphorylation ◽  
Phytochrome A ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Etiolated Seedlings ◽  
Pre Treatment

Phytochrome A (phyA) mediates different photoresponses what may be connected with the existence of its two types, phyAʹ and phyAʹʹ, differing by spectroscopic, photochemical and functional properties. We investigated a role of phyA phosphorylation in their formation turning to transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana (L. Heynh.) phyA or phyAphyB mutants overexpressing rice wild-type phyA (phyA WT) or mutant phyA (phyA SA) with the first 10 serines substituted by alanines. This prevents phyA phosphorylation at these sites and modifies photoresponses. Etiolated seedlings were employed and phyA parameters were evaluated with the use of low temperature fluorescence spectroscopy and photochemistry. Germination of seeds was induced by white light (WL) pre-treatment for 15 min or 3 h. Emission spectra of rice phyA WT and phyA SA were similar and their total content was comparable. However, the phyAʹ/phyAʹʹ proportion in phyA WT was high and varied with the duration of the WL pre-treatment, whereas in phyA SA it was substantially shifted towards phyAʹʹ and did not depend on the pre-illumination. This suggests that phyA SA comprises primarily or exclusively the phyAʹʹ pool and supports the notion that the two phyA types differ by the state of serine phosphorylation. phyAʹʹ was also found to be much more effective in the germination induction than phyAʹ.

Sample pre-treatment techniques for use with ICP-MS hyphenated techniques for elemental speciation in biological samples

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Wang ◽  
Xiaolan Liu ◽  
Kai Nan ◽  
Beibei Chen ◽  
Man He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Samples ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Sample Pretreatment ◽  
The State ◽  
Elemental Speciation ◽  
Hyphenated Techniques ◽  
Treatment Techniques ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Pre Treatment

This review will focus specifically on the state of the art of novel sample pretreatment methods which have been combined with ICP-MS based hyphenated techniques for elemental speciation in biological samples.

Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory: Measuring Anxiety with and without an Audience during Performance on a Stabilometer

1983 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Ferreira ◽  
J. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
The State ◽  
State Trait Anxiety Inventory ◽  
Orthogonal Contrasts ◽  
Trait And State Anxiety ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Faculty Group ◽  
Group 1

Half of the 56 subjects ( n = 28) performed 15 pre-treatment trials on a stabilometer, then six more with an audience of three faculty (Group 1), the other half performed the same task with no audience (Group 2). Subjects completed the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory prior to and after the treatments. Orthogonal contrasts indicated that Group 1 (audience) post-State-anxiety was significantly different from its own pre-State-anxiety and significantly different from Group 2 (no audience) on post-State-anxiety. It was concluded that the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory is an appropriate measure of trait and state anxiety in studies of motor performance.

Combined Therapy of T3 and Antidepressants in Depression

1979 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Tsutsui ◽  
Y Yamazaki ◽  
T Namba ◽  
M Tsushima
Keyword(s):  
Combined Therapy ◽  
The State ◽  
Trh Test ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
Pre Treatment

Since there are some patient groups whose symptoms do not improve despite the fact that the use of the antidepressants will alleviate the symptoms to some extent, we have conducted a TRH test for depression and found that there are not a few cases who show a low TSH response. We therefore used a small amount of T3 together with the antidepressants in these cases and have found that the therapy is useful for improvement of the symptoms. When the TRH test is made at the time of improvement of the symptoms due to the combined use of these two drugs and compared with the state at pre-treatment, it has been confirmed that the TSH response will go back to normal. Hence, we would like to present here two markedly improved cases due to the combined use of imipramine and clomipramine plus T3 and to refer to the result of the TRH test.

Non-Chromate Surface Protection for Aircraft Maintenance

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 7-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georg Bockmair
Keyword(s):  
Chromic Acid ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Environmental Policies ◽  
The State ◽  
Aircraft Maintenance ◽  
Aircraft Industry ◽  
Conversion Coatings ◽  
Surface Protection ◽  
Chromate Conversion Coatings ◽  
Pre Treatment

While chromates as anti-corrosion pigments in primers and wash primers have disappeared in most industries, there are still quite a lot of chromated paints used in the aircraft industry. Intensive efforts to develop alternative pre-treatments to chromate conversion coatings and to chromic acid anodization have begun. The intention of this report is to give an overview of the state-of-the-art techniques about such pre-treatment/coating systems of aluminium for aircraft maintenance, which are in accordance with the latest environmental policies. The objective is to evaluate the combination of surface pre-treatment and paint as a whole.

Practical Picture Processing

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 338-339
Author(s):  
T. A. Welton
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Damage ◽  
Coherence Length ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Coherent Radiation ◽  
The State ◽  
Energy Spread ◽  
Electron Micrograph ◽  
Picture Processing ◽  
Molecular Skeleton

Various authors have emphasized the spatial information resident in an electron micrograph taken with adequately coherent radiation. In view of the completion of at least one such instrument, this opportunity is taken to summarize the state of the art of processing such micrographs. We use the usual symbols for the aberration coefficients, and supplement these with £ and 6 for the transverse coherence length and the fractional energy spread respectively. He also assume a weak, biologically interesting sample, with principal interest lying in the molecular skeleton remaining after obvious hydrogen loss and other radiation damage has occurred.

EELS characterization of “Smut” layer films on steel surface prepared for chrome plating by anodic etching

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 538-539
Author(s):  
E Y. Wang ◽  
J. T. Cherian ◽  
A. Madsen ◽  
R. M. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Steel Surface ◽  
Surface Preparation ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Chrome Plating ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Alloy Steels ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Hard Chrome ◽  
Electron Energy Loss

Many steel parts are electro-plated with chromium to protect them against corrosion and to improve their wear-resistance. Good adhesion of the chrome plate to the steel surface, which is essential for long term durability of the part, is extremely dependent on surface preparation prior to plating. Recently, McDonnell Douglas developed a new pre-treatment method for chrome plating in which the steel is anodically etched in a sulfuric acid and hydrofluoric acid solution. On carbon steel surfaces, this anodic pre-treatment produces a dark, loosely adhering material that is commonly called the “smut” layer. On stainless steels and nickel alloys, the surface is only darkened by the anodic pre-treatment and little residue is produced. Anodic pre-treatment prior to hard chrome plating results in much better adherence to both carbon and alloy steels.We have characterized the anodic pre-treated steel surface and the resulting “smut” layer using various techniques including electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) on bulk samples and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) on stripped films.

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