Apatite Growth on Bioactive Glass in Artificial Saliva

2000 ◽  
Vol 662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E. Efflandt ◽  
Robert F. Cook ◽  
Lorraine F. Francis
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Glass ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Apatite Formation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Surface Morphologies ◽  
Surface Changes

AbstractBioactive glass disks from the MgO-CaO-P2O5-SiO2 system were placed in artificial saliva for time periods varying from 1 to 42 days. Surfaces were then analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and x-ray diffraction to investigate surface morphologies and crystallinity. SEM examination exhibited dramatic surface changes as early as 2 d. X-ray results showed crystallinity in the form of apatite at 10 d, which became more developed though 42 d. The bioactive glass in water and non-bioactive glass in artificial saliva were used as controls; both exhibited no evidence of apatite formation on their surfaces through the 42 d time period. This study shows that bioactive glass reacts in artificial saliva to form apatite and that the apatite layer becomes better crystallized over an extended time period. These results give a better understanding of the surface changes and mineralization that occur over time and can be used to interpret results from in vitro and in vivo studies done on bioactive glass in the oral environment.

In Vitro Bioactivity of Composite of Nanophase Titania/Bioactive Glass-Ceramic in Simulated Body Fluid

2005 ◽  
Vol 288-289 ◽  
pp. 171-174
Author(s):  
Hui Wang ◽  
Bang Cheng Yang ◽  
Qi Feng Yu ◽  
Dayi Wu ◽  
Xing Dong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Simulated Body Fluid ◽  
Bioactive Glass ◽  
Glass Ceramic ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Apatite Formation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Biomechanical Compatibility

Titania ceramics is lack of bone-bonding ability even if it has excellent biocompatibility. Recently, it is even found that the nanophase titania ceramics could enhance the proliferation of osteoblasts. If the bone-bonding ability of this material is improved, it would be a potential bone replacement material. Bioactive glass-ceramic (BGC) is provided with the best bioactivity in biomaterials. In this study, the apatite formation ability and the mechanic properties of titania ceramic were investigated by the accession of BGC. Four samples: TiO2 ceramic, TiO2 +10%BGC, TiO2 +20%BGC and BGC were prepared respectively. These ceramics were exposed to a simulated body fluid (SBF) for 7, 14 and 21d. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray detector (EDX) and thin film X-ray diffraction (TF-XRD) results showed that the apatite formation of the ceramics was improved by adding BGC into nanophase titania ceramic. The mechanical analysis showed the biomechanical compatibility was also improved by adding BGC into nanophase titania ceramic.

Effects of dietary alteration of bicarbonate and magnesium on rat bone

1986 ◽  
Vol 250 (2) ◽  
pp. F302-F307 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Burnell ◽  
C. Liu ◽  
A. G. Miller ◽  
E. Teubner
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Growing Rats ◽  
Final Composition ◽  
Rat Bone

To study the effects of bicarbonate and magnesium on bone, mild acidosis and/or hypermagnesemia were produced in growing rats by feeding ammonium chloride and/or magnesium sulfate. Bone composition, quantitative histomorphometry, and mineral x-ray diffraction (XRD) characteristics were measured after 6 wk of treatment. The results demonstrated that both acidosis (decreased HCO3) and hypermagnesemia inhibited periosteal bone formation, and, when combined, results were summative; and the previously observed in vitro role of HCO3- and Mg2+ as inhibitors of crystal growth were confirmed in vivo. XRD measurements demonstrated that decreased plasma HCO3 resulted in larger crystals and increased Mg resulted in smaller crystals. However, the combined XRD effects of acidosis and hypermagnesemia resembled acidosis alone. It is postulated that the final composition and crystal structure of bone are strongly influenced by HCO3- and Mg2+, and the effects are mediated by the combined influence on both osteoblastic bone formation and the growth of hydroxyapatite.

Evaluation of Biocompatibility of Porous Hydroxyapatite Developed from Edible Cuttlefish Bone

2007 ◽  
Vol 361-363 ◽  
pp. 155-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung Jae Kim ◽  
Hae Jung Kim ◽  
Kang Sik Lee
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Treatment ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Porous Hydroxyapatite ◽  
X Ray ◽  
In Vivo Test ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Calcium Source ◽  
Good Biocompatibility ◽  
Diffraction Patterns

A edible cuttlefish(Zoological name : Sepia esculenta) bone has a porous structure with all pores interconnected The purpose of this research is to develop porous hydroxyapatite prepared by hydrothermal treatment from cuttlefish bone and evaluate the biocompatibility using undecalcified materials through the in-vivo test of rabbits. In this study, the phase and substructure of a porous hydroxyapatite, prepared by hydrothermal treatment using edible cuttlefish bone as a calcium source, has been confirmed by X-ray diffractometer and scanning electronic microscope. After preparing the specimens with 5mm diameter and 7mm length, the specimens were implanted into the femoral condyles of rabbits. Each rabbits were sacrificed at each time period of 1, 2, 3, 4 weeks after operation, respectively and the stained section was examined by a transmission light microscope. The X-ray diffraction patterns of the edible cuttlefish bone was confirm for aragonite phase and of the sample after hydrothermal treatment showed mostly into hydroxyapatite phase. There was more bone density increase in porous HA rod around implant site than natural edible cuttlefish bone. Because the edible cuttlefish bone is a very pure and good calcium source, porous hydroxyapatite developed from this study is expected to be a biomaterial having a good biocompatibility to be used as a suitable bone substitute.

Preparation of N, O-Carboxymethyl Chitosan with Different Substitutional Degree and its Application for Hemostasis

2013 ◽  
Vol 798-799 ◽  
pp. 1061-1066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Wei Zhao ◽  
Lu Liu ◽  
Xiang Han ◽  
Jing Guan
Keyword(s):  
Carboxymethyl Chitosan ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Clotting Time ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Angle Measurements ◽  
Contact Angle Measurements ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ubbelohde Viscometer

We prepared N, O-carboxymethyl chitosans (CMCSs) with different substitutional degrees (SDs) to evaluate their effects of hemostasis, and provided experimental basis on biomedical materials. Chloroethanoic acid was used to synthesize CMCSs. The structure were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WXRD). Potentiometric titration and Ubbelohde viscometer were adopted to determine the SD and intrinsic viscosity of CMCSs. Contact angle measurements were investigated to determine surface wettability. Method of dynamic clotting time and coagulation test in vivo were used to evaluate their effects of hemostasis. SDs of CMCSs were from 50% to 110%. As the SD increased, molecular weight decreased. CMCS powder with SD 63% possessed excellent hemostasis both in vitro and in vivo. CMCS powder owned hemostatic capability prior to CS. CMCS powder with SD 63% (neither too high, nor too low) possessed excellent hemostasis both in vitro and in vivo.

scholarly journals Hydrophilic Sugars for Enhancing Dissolution Rate of Cilostazol: Effect of Wet Co-Processing

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-120
Author(s):  
Alaa Yosf Bazeed ◽  
Ahmed Nouh ◽  
Ebtessam Ahmed Essa ◽  
Gamal El Maghraby
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solubility ◽  
Submicron Particles ◽  
Drug Dissolution ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Swallowing Difficulties ◽  
Fast Disintegrating Tablets

Background: Cilostazol is an anti-platelets drug with considerable antithrombotic effects in vivo. Therefore, it is widely used by elderly patients. However, it suffers from poor bioavailability due to its low aqueous solubility. The objective of this work was to enhance the dissolution of cilostazol with the aim of formulating fast dissolving tablets for geriatrics and those of swallowing difficulties. Methods: Ethanol-assisted co-grinding of cilostazol with sugar-based excipients was adopted. Sucralose and mannitol were used for this purpose as hydrophilic excipient as well as taste improving agents. The obtained products were investigated regarding differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and in vitro drug dissolution. Fast disintegrating tablets were prepared and evaluated. Results: Thermal behavior of the developed products reflected reduced crystallinity, it also suggested possible existence of new crystalline species with sucralose. Eutexia was also suggested for mannitol mixtures, that was supported by X-ray diffraction data. SEM indicated size reduction with the deposition of the drug as submicron particles over the excipient surface. Co-processing markedly improved cilostazol dissolution compared to unprocessed drug. The optimized formulations were successively formulated into fast disintegrating tablets. Conclusion: This investigation introduced the wet grinding strategy with sugar excipients as a platform for the formulation of easy to use tablets with optimum drug release.

scholarly journals Chemical, Microstructural and Morphological Characterisation of Dentine Caries Simulation by pH-Cycling

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Juan Sebastián Zuluaga-Morales ◽  
María Victoria Bolaños-Carmona ◽  
Carolina Cecilia Cifuentes-Jiménez ◽  
Pedro Álvarez-Lloret
Keyword(s):  
Microstructural Properties ◽  
Third Molars ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
In Vitro Simulation ◽  
Ph Cycling ◽  
Residual Caries ◽  
Microscopy Techniques

In vitro simulation of natural caries is of great importance in dental research for the development of more effective clinical treatments. The pH-cycling (pHc) procedure consists of a dynamic caries process with alternating de-remineralisation periods. The current research aims to evaluate the effects of the pHc procedure on mineral dentine properties in comparison with sound dentine and natural residual caries. For this purpose, dentine slices from human third molars were submitted to cycling periods of 14 and 28 days. The chemical composition, morphological and microstructural properties of the dentine samples were examined by infrared and Raman spectroscopies, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy techniques. In addition, the depth of the demineralisation front was evaluated by Masson’s trichrome (MT) staining. The results showed that the pHc procedure led to notable changes in the mineral composition and the crystalline characteristics with respect to sound dentine and some extent to natural caries. The MT results revealed that pHc 28 yields a deeper lesion than pHc 14, simulating potential progression of natural caries. The results of this study provide a better understanding of the mechanisms of demineralisation that could occur in an in vivo environment and provide a standardised substrate similar to natural residual caries.

scholarly journals Surface Modification of 316L SS Implants by Applying Bioglass/Gelatin/Polycaprolactone Composite Coatings for Biomedical Applications

Coatings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1220
Author(s):  
Behzad Mojarad Shafiee ◽  
Reza Torkaman ◽  
Mohammad Mahmoudi ◽  
Rahmatollah Emadi ◽  
Maryam Derakhshan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Viability ◽  
Composite Coatings ◽  
Apatite Formation ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Vitro Test ◽  
Mtt Tests ◽  
Good Agreement

In this study, various composites of bioglass/gelatin/polycaprolactone (BG/GE/PCL) were produced and coated on the surface of 316L stainless steel (SS) to improve its bioactivity. X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were utilized to characterize the specimens. The results showed that bioglass particles were distributed uniformly in the coating. By increasing the wt.% of bioglass in the nanocomposite coatings, the surface roughness and adhesion strength increased. The corrosion behavior of GE/PCL (PCL-10 wt.% gelatin coated on 316L SS) and 3BG/GE/PCL (GE/PCL including 3 wt.% bioglass coated on 316L SS) samples were studied in PBS solution. The results demonstrated that 3BG/GE/PCL sample improved the corrosion resistance drastically compared to the GE/PCL specimen. In vitro bioactivity of samples was examined after soaking the specimens for 7, 14 and 28 days in simulated body fluid (SBF). The results showed a significant apatite formation on the surface of 3BG/GE/PCL samples. The cell viability evaluation was performed using 3- (4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5 diphenyltetrazoliumbromide (MTT) tests which confirmed the enhanced cell viability on the surface of 3BG/GE/PCL samples. The in vivo behavior of specimens illustrated no toxicity and inflammatory response and was in a good agreement with the results obtained from the in vitro test.

A Study of Bone-Like Apatite Formation on β-TCP/PLLA Scaffold in Static and Dynamic Simulated Body Fluid

2007 ◽  
Vol 330-332 ◽  
pp. 483-486
Author(s):  
Yun Qing Kang ◽  
Guang Fu Yin ◽  
Ke Feng Wang ◽  
Lin Luo ◽  
Li Liao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Simulated Body Fluid ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Composite Scaffold ◽  
Pore Wall ◽  
Apatite Formation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Good Ability ◽  
Ft Ir

The ability of apatite to form on the surface of biomaterials in simulated body fluid (SBF) has been widely used to predict the bone-bonding ability of bioceramic and bioceramic/polymer composites in vivo. Porous β-tricalcium phosphate/poly(L-lactic acid) (β-TCP/PLLA) composite scaffold was synthesized by new method. The ability of inducing calcium phosphate (Ca-P) formation was compared in static simulated body fluid(sSBF) and dynamic simulated body fluid (dSBF). The Ca-P morphology and crystal structures were identified using SEM, X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The results showed that the typical features of bone-like apatite formation on the surface and the inner pore wall of β-TCP/PLLA. Ca-P formation on scaffold surfaces in dSBF occurred slower than in sSBF and was more difficult with increasing flow rate of dSBF. The ability of apatite to form on β-TCP/PLLA was enhanced by effect of each other that has different degradable mechanism. Porous β-TCP/PLLA composite scaffold indicates good ability of Ca-P formation in vitro.

Apatite Formation on Nano-Structured Titanium and Niobium Surface

2009 ◽  
Vol 614 ◽  
pp. 85-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Jian Wang ◽  
Jian Yu Xiong ◽  
Yun Cang Li ◽  
Peter D. Hodgson ◽  
Cui E Wen
Keyword(s):  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Surface Structures ◽  
Apatite Formation ◽  
Osteoblast Cell ◽  
In Vitro Bioactivity ◽  
Rapid Healing ◽  
Modified Surface ◽  
Surface Morphologies

Current orthopaedic biomaterials research mainly focuses on developing implants that could induce controlled, guided and rapid healing. In the present study, the surface morphologies of titanium (Ti) and niobium (Nb) metals were tailored to form nanoporous, nanoplate and nanofibre-like structures through adjustment of the temperature in the alkali treatment. The in vitro bioactivity of these structures was then evaluated by soaking in simulated body fluid (SBF). It was found that the morphology of the modified surface significantly influenced the apatite inducing ability. The Ti surface with a nanofiber-like structure showed better apatite inducing ability, than the nanoporous or nanoplate surface structures. A thick dense apatite layer formed on the Ti surface with nanofiber-like structure after 1 week soaking in SBF. It is expected that the nanofibre-like surface could achieve good apatite formation in vivo and subsequently enhance osteoblast cell adhesion and bone formation in vivo.

scholarly journals Role of calcium phosphate and bioactive glass coating on in vivo bone healing of new Mg–Zn–Ca implant

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnab Mahato ◽  
Munmun De ◽  
Promita Bhattacharjee ◽  
Vinod Kumar ◽  
Prasenjit Mukherjee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Glass ◽  
Bone Healing ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Mg Alloy ◽  
Alloy Sample ◽  
Apatite Formation ◽  
Air Plasma

AbstractPresent investigation focuses on development and detailed characterization of a new Mg alloy sample (BM) with and without coating of hydroxyapatite (BMH) and bioactive glass (BMG) by air plasma spray method. After detailed mechano-physico-chemical characterization of powders and coated samples, electrochemical corrosion and SBF immersion tests were carried out. Detailed in vitro characterizations for cell viability were undertaken using MG-63 cell line followed by in vivo tests in rabbit model for studying bone healing up to 60 days. Starting current density increases from BM to BMH to BMG indicating highest resistance towards corrosion in case of BMG samples, however BMH also showed highest icorr value suggesting slowest rate of corrosion than BM and BMG samples. Dissolution of calcium ion in case of BMH and BMG control formation of apatite phases on surface. Ca2+ ions of coatings and from SBF solution underwent reduction reaction simultaneously with conversion of Mg to MgCl2 releasing OH− in the solution, which increases pH. Viability and propagation of human osteoblast-like cells was verified using confocal microscopy observations and from expression of bone specific genes. Alkaline phosphatase assay and ARS staining indicate cell proliferation and production of neo-osseous tissue matrix. In vivo, based on histology of heart, kidney and liver, and immune response of IL-2, IL-6 and TNFα, all the materials show no adverse effects in body system. The bone creation was observed to be more for BMH. Although both BMH and BMG show rays of possibilities in early new bone formation and tough bone–implant bonding at interface as compared to bare Mg alloy, however, BMG showed better well-sprayed coating covering on substrate and resistance against corrosion prior implanting in vivo. Also, better apatite formation on this sample makes it more favourable implant.

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