scholarly journals Rapid Prototyping of Patterned Multifunctional Nanostructures

2000 ◽  
Vol 625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyou Fan ◽  
Gabriel P. Laópez ◽  
C. Jeffrey Brinker
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Prototyping ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Multiple Scales ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Dip Coating ◽  
Length Scales ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Micro Systems ◽  
And Function

AbstractThe ability to engineer ordered arrays of objects on multiple length scales has potential for applications such as microelectronics, sensors, wave guides, and photonic lattices with tunable band gaps. Since the invention of surfactant templated mesoporous sieves in 1992, great progress has been made in controlling different mesophases in the form of powders, particles, fibers, and films. To date, although there have been several reports of patterned mesostructures, materials prepared have been limited to metal oxides with no specific functionality. For many of the envisioned applications of hierarchical materials in micro-systems, sensors, waveguides, photonics, and electronics, it is necessary to define both form and function on several length scales. In addition, the patterning strategies utilized so far require hours or even days for completion. Such slow processes are inherently difficult to implement in commercial environments. We present a series of new methods of producing patterns within seconds. Combining sol-gel chemistry, Evaporation-Induced Self-Assembly (EISA), and rapid prototyping techniques like pen lithography, ink-jet printing, and dip-coating on micro-contact printed substrates, we form hierarchically organized silica structures that exhibit order and function on multiple scales: on the molecular scale, functional organic moieties are positioned on pore surfaces, on the mesoscale, mono-sized pores are organized into 1-, 2-, or 3-dimensional networks, providing size-selective accessibility from the gas or liquid phase, and on the macroscale, 2-dimensional arrays and fluidic or photonic systems may be defined. These rapid patterning techniques establish for the first time a link between computer-aided design and rapid processing of self-assembled nanostructures.

scholarly journals Rapid Prototyping of Patterned Multifunctional Nanostructures

2000 ◽  
Vol 624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyou Fan ◽  
Gabriel P. López ◽  
C. Jeffrey Brinker
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Prototyping ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Multiple Scales ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Dip Coating ◽  
Length Scales ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Micro Systems ◽  
And Function

ABSTRACTThe ability to engineer ordered arrays of objects on multiple length scales has potential for applications such as microelectronics, sensors, wave guides, and photonic lattices with tunable band gaps. Since the invention of surfactant templated mesoporous sieves in 1992, great progress has been made in controlling different mesophases in the form of powders, particles, fibers, and films. To date, although there have been several reports of patterned mesostructures, materials prepared have been limited to metal oxides with no specific functionality. For many of the envisioned applications of hierarchical materials in micro-systems, sensors, waveguides, photonics, and electronics, it is necessary to define both form and function on several length scales. In addition, the patterning strategies utilized so far require hours or even days for completion. Such slowprocesses are inherently difficult to implement in commercial environments. We present a series of new methods of producing patterns within seconds. Combining sol-gel chemistry, Evaporation-Induced Self-Assembly (EISA), and rapid prototyping techniques like pen lithography, ink-jet printing, and dip-coating on micro-contact printed substrates, we form hierarchically organized silica structures that exhibit order and function on multiple scales: on the molecular scale, functional organic moieties are positioned on pore surfaces, on the mesoscale, mono-sized pores are organized into 1-, 2-, or 3-dimensional networks, providing size-selective accessibility from the gas or liquid phase, and on the macroscale, 2-dimensional arrays and fluidic or photonic systems may be defined. These rapid patterning techniques establish for the first time a link between computer-aided design and rapid processing of self-assembled nanostructures

scholarly journals The cardiac nanoenvironment: form and function at the nanoscale

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jashan P. Singh ◽  
Jennifer L. Young
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Length Scales ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Molecular Features ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Physiological Homeostasis ◽  
Organ Level ◽  
And Function

AbstractMechanical forces in the cardiovascular system occur over a wide range of length scales. At the whole organ level, large scale forces drive the beating heart as a synergistic unit. On the microscale, individual cells and their surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM) exhibit dynamic reciprocity, with mechanical feedback moving bidirectionally. Finally, in the nanometer regime, molecular features of cells and the ECM show remarkable sensitivity to mechanical cues. While small, these nanoscale properties are in many cases directly responsible for the mechanosensitive signaling processes that elicit cellular outcomes. Given the inherent challenges in observing, quantifying, and reconstituting this nanoscale environment, it is not surprising that this landscape has been understudied compared to larger length scales. Here, we aim to shine light upon the cardiac nanoenvironment, which plays a crucial role in maintaining physiological homeostasis while also underlying pathological processes. Thus, we will highlight strategies aimed at (1) elucidating the nanoscale components of the cardiac matrix, and (2) designing new materials and biosystems capable of mimicking these features in vitro.

scholarly journals Macro-to-nanoscale investigation of wall-plate joints in the acorn barnacle Semibalanus balanoides : correlative imaging, biological form and function, and bioinspiration

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (157) ◽  
pp. 20190218 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Mitchell ◽  
M. Coleman ◽  
P. Davies ◽  
L. North ◽  
E. C. Pope ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ion Beam ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Coupled Systems ◽  
Structure Property ◽  
Semibalanus Balanoides ◽  
Length Scales ◽  
Pore Networks ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Correlative Imaging ◽  
And Function

Correlative imaging combines information from multiple modalities (physical–chemical–mechanical properties) at various length scales (centimetre to nanometre) to understand the complex biological materials across dimensions (2D–3D). Here, we have used numerous coupled systems: X-ray microscopy (XRM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), optical light microscopy (LM) and focused ion beam (FIB-SEM) microscopy to ascertain the microstructural and crystallographic properties of the wall-plate joints in the barnacle Semibalanus balanoides . The exoskeleton is composed of six interlocking wall plates, and the interlocks between neighbouring plates (alae) allow barnacles to expand and grow while remaining sealed and structurally strong. Our results indicate that the ala contain functionally graded orientations and microstructures in their crystallography, which has implications for naturally functioning microstructures, potential natural strengthening and preferred oriented biomineralization. Elongated grains at the outer edge of the ala are oriented perpendicularly to the contact surface, and the c -axis rotates with the radius of the ala. Additionally, we identify for the first time three-dimensional nanoscale ala pore networks revealing that the pores are only visible at the tip of the ala and that pore thickening occurs on the inside (soft bodied) edge of the plates. The pore networks appear to have the same orientation as the oriented crystallography, and we deduce that the pore networks are probably organic channels and pockets, which are involved with the biomineralization process. Understanding these multiscale features contributes towards an understanding of the structural architecture in barnacles, but also their consideration for bioinspiration of human-made materials. The work demonstrates that correlative methods spanning different length scales, dimensions and modes enable the extension of the structure–property relationships in materials to form and function of organisms.

scholarly journals Plant phenotyping: increasing throughput and precision at multiple scales

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. v ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm J. Hawkesford ◽  
Argelia Lorence
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Scales ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Plant Biology ◽  
Plant Phenotyping ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Basic Plant ◽  
Plant Form ◽  
And Function ◽  
Invasive Techniques

In this special issue of Functional Plant Biology, we present a perspective of the current state of the art in plant phenotyping. The applications of automated and detailed recording of plant characteristics using a range of mostly non-invasive techniques are described. Papers range from tissue scale analysis through to aerial surveying of field trials and include model plant species such as Arabidopsis as well as commercial crops such as sugar beet and cereals. The common denominators are high throughput measurements, data rich analyses often utilising image based data capture, requirements for validation when proxy measurement are employed and in many instances a need to fuse datasets. The outputs are detailed descriptions of plant form and function. The papers represent technological advances and important contributions to basic plant biology, and these studies are commonly multidisciplinary, involving engineers, software specialists and plant physiologists. This is a fast moving area producing large datasets and analytical requirements are often common between very diverse platforms.

scholarly journals Boronate sol–gel method for one-step fabrication of polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel coatings by simple cast- and dip-coating techniques

RSC Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryuhei Nishiyabu ◽  
Yuki Takahashi ◽  
Taro Yabuki ◽  
Shoji Gommori ◽  
Yuki Yamamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Dip Coating ◽  
The Self ◽  
Gel Method ◽  
Sol Gel Method ◽  
Hydrogel Coatings ◽  
One Step

The self-assembly of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and benzene-1,4-diboronic acid (DBA) is employed as a sol–gel method for one-step fabrication of hydrogel coatings with versatile functionalities.

Synthesis and Characterization of Ordered Mesoporous Carbon/Silica Hybrid Thin Films

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoxian Wang ◽  
Tiehu Li ◽  
Qilang Lin ◽  
Dawei Wang ◽  
Tingkai Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Dip Coating ◽  
Silica Matrix ◽  
Nanocomposite Films ◽  
Evaporation Induced Self Assembly ◽  
Hybrid Thin Films ◽  
Silica Nanocomposite

Carbon/silica nanocomposite films with a hexagonal P6mm structure were fabricated directly by the oxidation and carbonization of surfactant/silica nanocomposite films, which were obtained by a dip-coating technique through a combination of sol-gel and evaporation-induced self-assembly. The as-synthesized nanocomposite films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and N2 adsorption-desorption. These analyses reveal that the carbon/silica nanocomposite films, with a narrow pore size distribution of mesopores, have an ordered symmetric structure. The pore sizes of this hybrid film can be controlled within a certain range by changing the carbonization temperature. In addition, the films are composed of a continuous silica matrix and a continuous carbon coating in about 1 nm adhered well to the silica matrix. The formation of carbon coatings from surfactant acts as a framework support to prevent the pore size of the silica matrix from shrinking.

scholarly journals Anatomy of a selectively coassembled β-sheet peptide nanofiber

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (9) ◽  
pp. 4710-4717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Shao ◽  
Kong M. Wong ◽  
Dillon T. Seroski ◽  
Yiming Wang ◽  
Renjie Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Peptide Pair ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Dynamics Simulations ◽  
And Function ◽  
20 Nm ◽  
Β Sheet

Peptide self-assembly, wherein molecule A associates with other A molecules to form fibrillar β-sheet structures, is common in nature and widely used to fabricate synthetic biomaterials. Selective coassembly of peptide pairs A and B with complementary partial charges is gaining interest due to its potential for expanding the form and function of biomaterials that can be realized. It has been hypothesized that charge-complementary peptides organize into alternating ABAB-type arrangements within assembled β-sheets, but no direct molecular-level evidence exists to support this interpretation. We report a computational and experimental approach to characterize molecular-level organization of the established peptide pair, CATCH. Discontinuous molecular dynamics simulations predict that CATCH(+) and CATCH(−) peptides coassemble but do not self-assemble. Two-layer β-sheet amyloid structures predominate, but off-pathway β-barrel oligomers are also predicted. At low concentration, transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering identified nonfibrillar ∼20-nm oligomers, while at high concentrations elongated fibers predominated. Thioflavin T fluorimetry estimates rapid and near-stoichiometric coassembly of CATCH(+) and CATCH(−) at concentrations ≥100 μM. Natural abundance13C NMR and isotope-edited Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicate that CATCH(+) and CATCH(−) coassemble into two-component nanofibers instead of self-sorting. However,13C–13C dipolar recoupling solid-state NMR measurements also identify nonnegligible AA and BB interactions among a majority of AB pairs. Collectively, these results demonstrate that strictly alternating arrangements of β-strands predominate in coassembled CATCH structures, but deviations from perfect alternation occur. Off-pathway β-barrel oligomers are also suggested to occur in coassembled β-strand peptide systems.

Fabrication of Hierarchically Porous Bioactive Glass Ceramics

2007 ◽  
Vol 361-363 ◽  
pp. 285-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Suk Yun ◽  
Seung Eon Kim ◽  
Yong Taek Hyun
Keyword(s):  
Block Copolymers ◽  
Rapid Prototyping ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
Methyl Cellulose ◽  
Amphiphilic Block Copolymers ◽  
Bioactive Glasses ◽  
Polymer Templating ◽  
Evaporation Induced Self Assembly

Hierarchically 3D porous bioactive glasses (BGs) with various combination of both pore sizes and pore structures have been produced by multi-polymer templating, such as amphiphilic block copolymers, poly urethane (PU) forms, poly styrene (PS) beads, or methyl cellulose (MC), sol-gel method, evaporation-induced self-assembly process, and rapid prototyping technique. The amphiphilic block copolymers used for producing the meso pores into the BGs, which induces large specific surface area and subsequently carries with good bone-forming bioactivity of BGs. Each poly urethane form, poly styrene bead, and methyl cellulose adapted for the fabrication of macro pores. The rapid prototyping (RP) techniques introduced to produce 3D BGs scaffolds with giant pores.

scholarly journals Macro-to-nano scale investigation of wall-plate joints in the acorn barnacle Semibalanus balanoides: correlative imaging, biological form and function, and bioinspiration

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.L Mitchell ◽  
M. Coleman ◽  
P. Davies ◽  
L. North ◽  
E.C. Pope ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ion Beam ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Coupled Systems ◽  
Semibalanus Balanoides ◽  
Length Scales ◽  
Pore Networks ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Nano Scale ◽  
Correlative Imaging ◽  
And Function

1.AbstractCorrelative imaging combines information from multiple modalities (physical-chemical-mechanical properties) at various length-scales (cm to nm) to understand complex biological materials across dimensions (2D-3D). Here, we have used numerous coupled systems: X-ray microscopy (XRM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), optical light microscopy (LM), and focused-ion beam (FIB-SEM) microscopy to ascertain the microstructural and crystallographic properties of the wall-plate joints in the barnacle Semibalanus balanoides. The exoskeleton is composed of six interlocking wall-plates, and the interlocks between neighbouring plates (alae) allow barnacles to expand and grow whilst remaining sealed and structurally strong. Our results indicate that the ala contain functionally-graded orientations and microstructures in their crystallography, which has implications for naturally functioning microstructures, potential natural strengthening, and preferred oriented biomineralisation. Elongated grains at the outer edge of the ala are oriented perpendicularly to the contact surface, and the c-axis rotates with the radius of the ala. Additionally, we identify for the first time three-dimensional nano-scale ala pore networks revealing that the pores are only visible at the tip of the ala, and that pore thickening occurs on the inside (soft-bodied) edge of the plates. The pore networks appear to have the same orientation as the oriented crystallography, and we deduce that the pore networks are probably organic channels and pockets which are involved with the biomineralisation process. Understanding these multi-scale features contributes towards an understanding of the structural architecture in barnacles, but also their consideration for bioinspiration of human-made materials. The work demonstrates that correlative methods spanning different length-scales, dimensions and modes enable the extension of structure-property relationships in materials to form and function of organisms.

Meso-Ordered Silica Films Formed by Sugar-Based Surfactants

2002 ◽  
Vol 726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uraka Lavrenèiè-Štangar ◽  
Michael Puchberger ◽  
Nicola Hüsing
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Hexagonal Phase ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Composite Films ◽  
Dip Coating ◽  
Silica Films ◽  
Alkyl Glycosides ◽  
Packing Parameter ◽  
Evaporation Induced Self Assembly ◽  
Nmr Techniques

AbstractSugar-based amphiphilic molecules are used as templates in the sol-gel processing of thin silica films. The films are prepared relying on solvent evaporation-induced self-assembly during dip-coating in a humidity controlled chamber. Different surfactants, such as the commercially available alkyl glycosides (e.g. n-octyl β-D-glucopyranoside and n-dodecyl β-D-maltopyranoside), are compared with respect to their ability to cooperatively self-assemble in alcoholic silicate solutions. The larger polar headgroup (maltose) decreases the critical packing parameter and thus beneficially influences the formation of a favorable hexagonal phase over the lamellar phase, which is formed with the glucose-based surfactant. The inorganic-organic composite films show a strong influence on the humidity during their synthesis. For nonstructured films, ordering could be achieved by exposing the as-deposited films to a high humidity for several hours. The final material is characterized by X-ray diffraction, nitrogen sorption and solid state NMR techniques.

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