Electron Channeling X-ray Microanalysis for Cation Configuration in Irradiated Magnesium Aluminate Spinel

1999 ◽  
Vol 589 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Matsumura ◽  
T. Soeda ◽  
N. J. Zaluzec ◽  
C. Kinoshita
Keyword(s):  
Angular Resolution ◽  
Magnesium Aluminate ◽  
High Angular Resolution ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Magnesium Aluminate Spinel ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Electron Channeling ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
Practical Tool ◽  
Cation Arrangement

AbstractHigh angular resolution electron channeling x-ray spectroscopy (HARECXS) was examined as a practical tool to locate lattice-ions in spinel crystals. The orientation dependent intensity distribution of emitted x-rays obtained by HARECXS is so sensitive to lattice-ion configuration in the illuminated areas that the occupation probabilities on specific positions in the crystal lattice can be determined accurately through comparison with the theoretical rocking curves. HARECXS measurements have revealed partially disordered cation arrangement in MgO·nAl2O3 with n= 1.0 and 2.4. Most A13+ lattice-ions occupy the octahedral (VI) sites with 6-fold coordination, while Mg2+ lattice-ions reside on both the tetrahedral (IV) and the octahedral (VI) sites. The structural vacancies are enriched in the IV-sites. Further evacuation of cations from the IV-sites to the VI-sites is recognized in a disordering process induced by irradiation with 1 MeV Ne+ ions up to 8.9 dpa at 870 K.

HARECX Measurements of Electron Channeling Effects on Quantitative AEM-Based XEDS

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (S2) ◽  
pp. 938-939
Author(s):  
Nestor J. Zaluzec
Keyword(s):  
Angular Resolution ◽  
High Angular Resolution ◽  
Crystalline Materials ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Electron Channeling ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
Analytical Electron ◽  
Analytical Electron Microscope ◽  
Tem Mode ◽  
Impurity Elements

It has been long known that orientation effects in crystalline materials can influence characteristic x-ray emission and microanalysis. Most of the recent studies have concentrated upon using the phenomenon to perform site specific distributions of impurity elements in ordered compounds using the ALCHEMI methodology. For the most part, it has been asserted that increasing the parameters of thickness, orientation and beam convergence effectively averages out these effects. Using High Angular Resolution Electron Channeling X-ray Spectroscopy (HARECXS) we have carefully measured the phenomenon in a number of ordered systems and find that it must be considered in many cases.All experimental measurements presented here were conducted on a Philips EM 420T analytical electron microscope. The instrument was operated in the TEM mode, at 120 kV using a LaB6 electron source. The characteristic x-ray emission was measured using an ED AX ultra thin window Si(Li) detector having a FWHM of ∼ 145 eV at Mn Ka.

High Angular Resolution Electron Channeling X-ray/Electron Spectroscopy

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (S2) ◽  
pp. 678-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.J. Zaluzec
Keyword(s):  
Electron Spectroscopy ◽  
Angular Resolution ◽  
High Angular Resolution ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Electron Channeling ◽  
Resolution Electron

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2012 in Phoenix, Arizona, USA, July 29 – August 2, 2012.

Harecxs Measurements of Elemental Disordering

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (S2) ◽  
pp. 354-355
Author(s):  
Nestor J. Zaluzec ◽  
Katherine L. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Angular Resolution ◽  
Alpha Decay ◽  
High Angular Resolution ◽  
Crystalline Materials ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Geologic Time ◽  
The Past ◽  
Selected Area Electron Diffraction ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
High Level

It has been long known that orientation effects in crystalline materials can influence characteristic x-ray emission and microanalysis1-7. High Angular Resolution Electron Channeling X-ray Spectroscopy (HARECXS)6-7. a variation of ALCHEMI4-5, has been used at ANL for the last few years to investigate the effects of channeling on quantitative XEDS analysis of materials. More recently we have also been using HARECXS to carefully measure elemental disordering in a number of systems and have found that it can be used very successfully to elucidate the various stages of disorder.Perovskite (nominally CaTiO3) is a host phase for actinides in various wasteforms for the immobilization of high level radioactive nuclear waste. Over geologic time, alpha decay damage of the actinides in perovskite will cause displacive effects that influence the dimensional and chemical stability of the wasteform. in the past, the progression of damage has been studied by monitoring changes in selected area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns with increasing dose (e.g. 11).

scholarly journals The XXL Survey

2018 ◽  
Vol 620 ◽  
pp. A18 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. A. Logan ◽  
B. J. Maughan ◽  
M. N. Bremer ◽  
P. Giles ◽  
M. Birkinshaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Angular Resolution ◽  
False Positive Rate ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Selection Function ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Cluster Emission ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Function Modelling

Context. The XMM-XXL survey has used observations from the XMM-Newton observatory to detect clusters of galaxies over a wide range in mass and redshift. The moderate PSF (FWHM ~ 6″ on-axis) of XMM-Newton means that point sources within or projected onto a cluster may not be separated from the cluster emission, leading to enhanced luminosities and affecting the selection function of the cluster survey. Aims. We present the results of short Chandra observations of 21 galaxy clusters and cluster candidates at redshifts z > 1 detected in the XMM-XXL survey in X-rays or selected in the optical and infra-red. Methods. With the superior angular resolution of Chandra, we investigate whether there are any point sources within the cluster region that were not detected by the XMM-XXL analysis pipeline, and whether any point sources were misclassified as distant clusters. Results. Of the 14 X-ray selected clusters, 9 are free from significant point source contamination, either having no previously unresolved sources detected by Chandra or with less than about 10% of the reported XXL cluster flux being resolved into point sources. Of the other five sources, one is significantly contaminated by previously unresolved AGN, and four appear to be AGN misclassified as clusters. All but one of these cases are in the subset of less secure X-ray selected cluster detections and the false positive rate is consistent with that expected from the XXL selection function modelling. We also considered a further seven optically selected cluster candidates associated with faint XXL sources that were not classed as clusters. Of these, three were shown to be AGN by Chandra, one is a cluster whose XXL survey flux was highly contaminated by unresolved AGN, while three appear to be uncontaminated clusters. By decontaminating and vetting these distant clusters, we provide a pure sample of clusters at redshift z > 1 for deeper follow-up observations, and demonstrate the utility of using Chandra snapshots to test for AGN in surveys with high sensitivity but poor angular resolution.

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