The Effects of Na2O, Al2O3, and 3203 ON HfO2 Solubility in Borosilicate Glass

1999 ◽  
Vol 556 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. L. Davis ◽  
L. Li ◽  
G. Darab ◽  
H. Li ◽  
D. Strachan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Borosilicate Glass ◽  
Glass Composition ◽  
Borosilicate Glasses ◽  
Initial Composition ◽  
Neutron Absorber ◽  
Reducing Conditions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Fourth Series

AbstractA single borosilicate glass composition has previously been shown to dissolve 10 and 25 mass% PuO2 under oxidizing and reducing conditions, respectively. A simplified version of this glass has been thoroughly investigated to determine the effect of increasing the alkali:aluminum ratio on the HfO2 solubility in borosilicate glasses. We are investigating HfO2 solubility because specific Pu wastes are being considered for disposal in glass, and Hf(IV) serves as a structural surrogate for Pu(IV) and as a neutron absorber in glass. Three series of base glasses were produced using the same initial composition, but varying the oxides B2O3, Al2O3, or Na2O one at a time. In a fourth series of the same initial composition, both Na2O and A12O3 were varied. Hafnia was added to these glasses and the mixture equilibrated for 2 hours: 1 hour at 1450°C after 1 hour at 1560°C. A wide range of HfO2 additions were made to the base glasses, and the solubility of HfO2 determined to within ±1 mass%. The highest solubility determined was 14 mol% (35 mass%) HfO2 in a low-Al glass. We conclude that increasing Na2O/Al2O3 increases the HfO2 solubility, and increasing the B2O3 content apparently has little effect on HfO2 solubility in the borosilicate glasses studied.

The Effect of Glass Composition Containing RE Oxide Waste Glass on Liquidus Temperature

MRS Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (63-64) ◽  
pp. 4221-4225
Author(s):  
S. Mohd Fadzil ◽  
P. Hrma
Keyword(s):  
Crystalline Phase ◽  
Liquidus Temperature ◽  
Glass Composition ◽  
Primary Phase ◽  
Borosilicate Glasses ◽  
Secondary Phases ◽  
Order Model ◽  
Composition Data ◽  
First Order ◽  
Wide Range

ABSTRACTThe liquidus temperature (TL) of rare earth (RE) was determined for alumino-borosilicate glasses for treating americium and curium that have been studied previously. Their work covers a wide range of glass composition with various crystalline phases as primary phase. Present work is aimed at understanding the effect of glass composition on TL for waste glasses designed for vitrifying RE oxides wastes. In a sufficiently narrow composition region, this effect can be represented by a first-order model fitted measured TL versus composition data. Test glasses were formulated by varying of component fractions one-at-a-time. The glasses contained SiO2, B2O3, and Al2O3 as glass formers and Nd2O3 with CeO2 as simulated RE waste. Twenty glasses were made to investigate crystallization as a function of temperature and glass composition. The primary crystalline phase was Ce-borosilicate (Ce3BSi2O10), secondary phases were Al-containing crystals (Al2O3 and Al10Si2O19), and crystalline CeO2. A first-order model was fitted to crystal fraction versus glass composition data. Generally, SiO2 and B2O3 tend to suppress crystallization, Al2O3 has little effect, and, as expected, RE components (Nd2O3 and CeO2) promote it. The correlation coefficient, R2, was 0.89 for the primary crystalline phase TL as a linear function of composition.

scholarly journals Profiling of human burned bones: oxidising versus reducing conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. M. Marques ◽  
D. Gonçalves ◽  
A. P. Mamede ◽  
T. Coutinho ◽  
E. Cunha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inelastic Neutron Scattering ◽  
Inelastic Neutron ◽  
Skeletal Remains ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Human Skeletal Remains ◽  
Human Bones ◽  
Reducing Conditions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Burned Bones ◽  
Vibrational Bands

AbstractComplementary optical and neutron-based vibrational spectroscopy techniques (Infrared, Raman and inelastic neutron scattering) were applied to the study of human bones (femur and humerus) burned simultaneously under either aerobic or anaerobic conditions, in a wide range of temperatures (400 to 1000 °C). This is the first INS study of human skeletal remains heated in an oxygen-deprived atmosphere. Clear differences were observed between both types of samples, namely the absence of hydroxyapatite’s OH vibrational bands in bone burned anaerobically (in unsealed containers), coupled to the presence of cyanamide (NCNH2) and portlandite (Ca(OH)2) in these reductive conditions. These results are expected to allow a better understanding of the heat effect on bone´s constituents in distinct environmental settings, thus contributing for an accurate characterisation of both forensic and archaeological human skeletal remains found in distinct scenarios regarding oxygen availability.

First Principles Calculations of Stress-Induced Structural Changes of Supercooled Borosilicate Glass

2016 ◽  
Vol 725 ◽  
pp. 399-404
Author(s):  
Kausala Mylvaganam ◽  
Wei Dong Liu ◽  
Liang Chi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Uniaxial Compression ◽  
Borosilicate Glass ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Mass Density ◽  
Glass Network ◽  
Borosilicate Glasses ◽  
First Principles Calculations ◽  
Sodium Borosilicate Glass ◽  
Compression Direction ◽  
Network Form

Unlike the traditional silicate glasses, borosilicate glasses behave differently because of the addition of boron atoms. Extensive studies have been carried out to understand the abnormal function of boron in glass network. However, it is not clear how the atomic structure of borosilicate glass changes under loading. This paper investigates the behaviour of borosilicate glass under uniaxial compression with the aid of ab initio simulations. Sodium borosilicate glass having 160 atoms and a mass density of 2.51 g/cm3 with composition 3Na2O-B2O3-6SiO2 were equilibrated first at 3500K, then at 2500K, 1500K, 1200K, 1000K, 825K and 625K. Structural analysis showed that at higher temperatures the sodium borosilicate liquid does not have a specific structure. At around 825 K (i.e. around Tg), boron network and silicon network form and remain stable even at a temperature of 625 K. When the supercooled sample at 825K was subjected to uniaxial compression, the stress along the compression direction first increases and then decreases with a change in boron structure, which could modify the behaviour of the borosilicate glass.

scholarly journals Tribological, biocompatibility, and antibiofilm properties of tungsten–germanium coating using magnetron sputtering

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Şükrü Kurt ◽  
Mehmet Enes Arslan ◽  
Ayşenur Yazici ◽  
İlkan Mudu ◽  
Elif Arslan
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Borosilicate Glass ◽  
Chromosomal Abnormalities ◽  
Dermal Fibroblast ◽  
Fibroblast Cell ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Borosilicate Glasses

AbstractIn this study, borosilicate glass and 316 L stainless steel were coated with germanium (Ge) and tungsten (W) metals using the Magnetron Sputtering System. Surface structural, mechanical, and tribological properties of uncoated and coated samples were examined using SEM, X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and tribometer. The XRD results showed that WGe2 chemical compound observed in (110) crystalline phase and exhibited a dense structure. According to the tribological analyses, the adhesion strength of the coated deposition on 316 L was obtained 32.8 N, and the mean coefficient of friction was around 0.3. Biocompatibility studies of coated metallic biomaterials were analyzed on fibroblast cell culture (Primary Dermal Fibroblast; Normal, Human, Adult (HDFa)) in vitro. Hoescht 33258 fluorescent staining was performed to investigate the cellular density and chromosomal abnormalities of the HDFa cell line on the borosilicate glasses coated with germanium–tungsten (W–Ge). Cell viabilities of HDFa cell line on each surface (W–Ge coated borosilicate glass, uncoated borosilicate glass, and cell culture plate surface) were analyzed by using (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) cytotoxicity assay. The antibiofilm activity of W–Ge coated borosilicate glass showed a significant reduction effect on Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) adherence compared to control groups. In the light of findings, tungsten and germanium, which are some of the most common industrial materials, were investigated as biocompatible and antimicrobial surface coatings and recommended as bio-implant materials for the first time.

Development of Substrates for Through Glass Vias

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 (DPC) ◽  
pp. 000832-000845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aric Shorey ◽  
Scott Pollard
Keyword(s):  
Material Properties ◽  
Glass Composition ◽  
Coefficient Of Thermal Expansion ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Chemical Durability ◽  
Thin Glass ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Substantial Progress

Through-substrate vias are critical for 3DS-IC integration. The choice of glass as an interposer substrate, TGV, present some interesting challenges and opportunities, making glass a compelling alternative to silicon. There are two primary challenges to begin building a precision interposer in thin glass. The first is high quality thin glass wafers (300 mm OD, thickness 0.05 to 0.10 mm, warp and TTV of 30 μm and 1 μm respectively). The second challenge is developing a process capable of providing small (5–10 μm) precision vias in a cost-effective way. “Glass” represents a large class of materials with a wide range of material properties. The first step in developing TGV is to identify the most appropriate glass composition for the application, which furthermore defines important properties such as coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and other mechanical properties, chemical durability and electrical properties. The manufacturing process used to develop the glass has a significant impact on quality and manufacturability. Fusion formed glass provides a solution for high volume manufacturing supply in an as-formed, ultra-thin, pristine glass manufactured to tight tolerances, and avoids the issues associated with polishing or thinning. The supply of 50 μm to 100 μm as-formed ultra-thin glass wafers can compare very favorably in cost relative to polished or thinned glass as well as thinned silicon wafer. While there are many technologies that have demonstrated vias in glass, challenges relating to via size and pitch, wafer strength and reliability remain to be resolved. However, substantial progress has been made to meet these challenges. Specific characterization data from some of these processes to demonstrate vias on the order of 10 μm diameter with a 100 μm glass thickness in alternative glass materials will be presented.

scholarly journals The Role Of Chemical Reaction In Waste-Form Performance

1987 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. Chambré ◽  
C. H. Kang ◽  
W. W.-L. Lee ◽  
T. H. Pigford
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Dissolution Rate ◽  
Chemical Reaction ◽  
Borosilicate Glass ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Waste Form ◽  
Spent Fuel ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Chemical Reaction Rate

AbstractThe dissolution rate of waste solids in a geologic repository is a complex function of waste form geometry, chemical reaction rate, exterior flow field, and chemical environment. We present here an analysis to determine the steady-state mass transfer rate, over the entire range of flow conditions relevant to geologic disposal of nuclear waste. The equations for steady-state mass transfer with a chemical-reaction-rate boundary condition are solved by three different mathematical techniques which supplement each other. This theory is illustrated with laboratory leach data for borosilicate-glass and a spherical spent-fuel waste form under typical repository conditions. For borosilicate glass waste in the temperature range of 57°C to 250°C, dissolution rate in a repository is determined for a wide range of chemical reaction rates and for Peclet numbers from zero to well over 100, far beyond any Peclet values expected in a repository. Spent-fuel dissolution in a repository is also investigated, based on the limited leach data now available.

Uranium Redox States in Borosilicate Compositions

2004 ◽  
Vol 824 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.S. Aloy ◽  
A.V. Trofimenko ◽  
O.A. Iskhakova ◽  
L.J. Jardine
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Borosilicate Glasses ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Synthesis Conditions ◽  
Redox States ◽  
Nuclear Gamma Resonance ◽  
Reducing Conditions ◽  
Optical Spectrophotometry

AbstractThe results of the studies of uranium valent states in the borosilicate glasses incorporating the components of uranium-containing sludge of Mining and Chemical Combine (MCC, Zheleznogorsks.) is presented in this work. The glasses were made under oxidative and reducing conditions.The optical spectrophotometry, nuclear gamma-resonance (NGR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that glasses produced under oxidative conditions are characterized by the presence of only U(6+), while U(4+) in the reducing conditions is present along with U(6+). The ratio U(6+)/to U(4+) varies in depending on the synthesis conditions.The glass samples synthesized under oxidative conditions were researched at initial solid state. The others synthesized under reducing conditions was dissolved preliminary without distort of uranium valency.The effect of U(4+)/U(6+) ratio on the uranium leach rates from the glasses has been studied at 90° using MCC-1 test.

scholarly journals Laser-assisted fabrication of gold nanoparticle-composed structures embedded in borosilicate glass

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 2454-2463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolay Nedyalkov ◽  
Mihaela Koleva ◽  
Nadya Stankova ◽  
Rosen Nikov ◽  
Mitsuhiro Terakawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Femtosecond Laser ◽  
Borosilicate Glass ◽  
Glass Sample ◽  
Defect Formation ◽  
Laser Pulses ◽  
Femtosecond Laser Irradiation ◽  
Nanosecond Pulses ◽  
Wide Range

We present results on laser-assisted formation of two- and three-dimensional structures comprised of gold nanoparticles in glass. The sample material was gold-ion-doped borosilicate glass prepared by conventional melt quenching. The nanoparticle growth technique consisted of two steps – laser-induced defect formation and annealing. The first step was realized by irradiating the glass by nanosecond and femtosecond laser pulses over a wide range of fluences and number of applied pulses. The irradiation by nanosecond laser pulses (emitted by a Nd:YAG laser system) induced defect formation, expressed by brown coloration of the glass sample, only at a wavelength of 266 nm. At 355, 532 and 1064 nm, no coloration of the sample was observed. The femtosecond laser irradiation at 800 nm also induced defects, again observed as brown coloration. The absorbance spectra indicated that this coloration was related to the formation of oxygen deficiency defects. After annealing, the color of the irradiated areas changed to pink, with a corresponding well-defined peak in the absorbance spectrum. We relate this effect to the formation of gold nanoparticles with optical properties defined by plasmon excitation. Their presence was confirmed by high-resolution TEM analysis. No nanoparticle formation was observed in the samples irradiated by nanosecond pulses at 355, 532 and 1064 nm. The optical properties of the irradiated areas were found to depend on the laser processing parameters; these properties were studied based on Mie theory, which was also used to correlate the experimental optical spectra and the characteristics of the nanoparticles formed. We also discuss the influence of the processing conditions on the characteristics of the particles formed and the mechanism of their formation and demonstrate the fabrication of structures composed of nanoparticles inside the glass sample. This technique can be used for the preparation of 3D nanoparticle systems embedded in transparent materials with potential applications in the design of new optical components, such as metamaterials and in plasmonics.

Crystallisation of caesium borosilicate glasses with approximate boroleucite composition

2002 ◽  
Vol 217 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Hübner ◽  
A. Belger ◽  
D. C. Meyer ◽  
P. Paufler ◽  
I. G. Polyakova
Keyword(s):  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Powder Diffraction ◽  
Borosilicate Glass ◽  
Orthorhombic Phase ◽  
Borosilicate Glasses ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Annealing Behaviour ◽  
Profile Fitting

AbstractCrystallisation and annealing behaviour of two caesium borosilicate glass samples with approximate boroleucite composition were characterised by means of differential scanning calorimetry measurements as well as X-ray powder diffraction investigations with subsequent profile fitting of the observed patterns according to the Rietveld and/or Pawley method. While one sample crystallised primarily in an orthorhombic phase (

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