A study of alteration phases on glass-bonded zeolite and sodaiate using the vapor hydration test

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-556-189 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 556 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Donglin Sun ◽

D. J. Wronkiewicz ◽

L. J. Simpson

Keyword(s):

Relative Increase ◽

Sem Analysis ◽

Aluminum Silicate ◽

Ceramic Waste ◽

Waste Forms ◽

Naturally Occurring ◽

Salt Crystals ◽

Major Alteration ◽

Over Time ◽

Scanning Electron

AbstractThis paper focuses on the reaction of glass-bonded zeolite and sodalite ceramic waste forms, naturally occurring sodalite, and their respective alteration phases that formed after reaction in a Vapor Hydration Test (VHT). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis of the glass-bonded zeolite and sodalite samples indicate that NaCI is the major alteration phase present, along with KCI, Na-Al-Si, and Na-K-Ca-Al-Si phases. The order of precipitation of salt crystals from ceramic waste form occurred in the sequence NaCl ⇒ KC1 ⇒ CaCl2 and MgCl2. We also found aluminum silicate phases containing Ca, Mg, K-Na-Ca, K-Mg, Na-K-Mg, K-Ca-Na-Mg, as well as CaCO3, SiO2. The ratio of Si/Al in the alteration phases was noted to increase from approximately 1.5 to 5 during the progressive alteration of the samples. This trend indicates a relative increase in the contribution of silicon from the relatively Si-rich glass regions of the samples over time. Phases enriched in Cs, Ba and rare earth elements (RE) were also observed on the altered samples. Alteration phases initially appeared along the micro-fractures during the early stages of alteration. The number of micro-fractures, density of alteration phase cover, and grain size of alteration phases increased with reaction time and temperature.

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SEM analysis of fish scale cross sections: A technique study

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100124124 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 744-745

Author(s):

M.E. Lee ◽

A. Moller ◽

P.S.O. Fouche ◽

I.G Gaigher

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Cross Sections ◽

Soft Tissues ◽

Close Association ◽

Sem Analysis ◽

Fish Scale ◽

Fish Scales ◽

Micro Structures ◽

Scanning Electron

Scanning electron microscopy of fish scales has facilitated the application of micro-structures to systematics. Electron microscopy studies have added more information on the structure of the scale and the associated cells, many problems still remain unsolved, because of our incomplete knowledge of the process of calcification. One of the main purposes of these studies has been to study the histology, histochemistry, and ultrastructure of both calcified and decalcified scales, and associated cells, and to obtain more information on the mechanism of calcification in the scales. The study of a calcified scale with the electron microscope is complicated by the difficulty in sectioning this material because of the close association of very hard tissue with very soft tissues. Sections often shatter and blemishes are difficult to avoid. Therefore the aim of this study is firstly to develop techniques for the preparation of cross sections of fish scales for scanning electron microscopy and secondly the application of these techniques for the determination of the structures and calcification of fish scales.

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Compositional control of radionuclide retention in hollandite‐based ceramic waste forms for Cs‐immobilization

Journal of the American Ceramic Society ◽

10.1111/jace.16258 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 102 (7) ◽

pp. 4314-4324 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Mingyang Zhao ◽

Yun Xu ◽

Lindsay Shuller‐Nickles ◽

Jake Amoroso ◽

Anatoly I. Frenkel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ceramic Waste ◽

Waste Forms ◽

Compositional Control

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77 The effect of naturally occurring levels of multiple mycotoxins on growth performance and carcass parameters of grow-finish pigs

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skaa054.099 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 54-55

Author(s):

Leigh Ruckman ◽

Stacie Gould ◽

John Patience

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Economic Impact ◽

Environmental Conditions ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Control Diet ◽

Naturally Occurring ◽

Carcass Parameters ◽

Low Levels ◽

Dietary Treatments ◽

Over Time

Abstract Mycotoxins may not be an issue every year, but the proper environmental conditions can cause a spike in contaminated grains and cause severe economic impact on pork producers. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of naturally occurring infections of deoxynivalenol, zearalenone and fumonisins (DZF) on growth performance and carcass parameters in grow/finish pigs. One hundred pigs (BW 34.0 ± 0.9 kg; L337 × Camborough, PIC, Hendersonville, TN) were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 dietary treatments with 10 split-sex pens/treatment. The control diet (CTL) contained low levels of DZF and the CTL+DFZ diet contained high levels of DZF. Diets were fed in 4 phases over the 126-d experiment period. The CTL diet contained 1.6, 1.6, 1.8 and 1.2 mg deoxynivalenol/kg and CTL+DZF contained 9.2, 6.9, 5.8 and 3.8 mg deoxynivalenol/kg in the 4 diet phases, respectively. The CTL contained 0.30, 0.32, 0.51 and 0.32 mg zearalenone/kg and 0.7, 0.8, 0.8 and 0.9 mg total fumonisins/kg; CTL+DFZ contained 0.59, 0.72, 0.86 and 0.57 mg zearalenone/kg and 1.0, 1.1, 1.2 and 0.9 mg total fumonisins/kg for phases one through four, respectively. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED of SAS (9.4) with treatment, sex, and their interaction as fixed effects. Compared to CTL, feeding CTL+DFZ decreased final BW (130.3 vs 120.5 kg; P< 0.001), ADG (0.95 vs 0.79 kg/d; P< 0.001), ADFI (2.73 vs 2.49 kg/d; P=0.016), and G:F (0.35 vs 0.32; P=0.043). Feeding CTL+DFZ decreased HCW (92.3 vs 89.4 kg; P=0.024) and increased dressing percentage (70.9 vs 74.3%; P=0.009) and tended to reduce loin depth (7.0 vs 6.8 cm; P=0.057) compared to CTL. Diet did not affect backfat depth or lean percentage (P >0.10). In conclusion, diets naturally contaminated with multiple mycotoxins reduced growth performance and adversely affected carcass parameters; pigs did not adapt over time to the mycotoxins.

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Effect of Photosensitization Mediated by Curcumin on Carotenoid and Aflatoxin Content in Different Maize Varieties

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11135902 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (13) ◽

pp. 5902

Author(s):

Rafael Nguenha ◽

Maral Seidi Damyeh ◽

Anh D. T. Phan ◽

Hung T. Hong ◽

Mridusmita Chaliha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Risks ◽

Carotenoid Content ◽

Naturally Occurring ◽

Maize Varieties ◽

Food And Feed ◽

Maize Kernels ◽

Dose Dependent ◽

Preservation Technique ◽

Scanning Electron

Mycotoxins are naturally occurring toxins produced by certain types of fungi that contaminate food and feed, posing serious health risks to human and livestock. This study evaluated the combination of blue light with curcumin to inactivate Aspergillus flavus spores, its effect on aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) production and maintaining carotenoid content in three maize varieties. The study was first conducted in vitro, and the spore suspensions (104 CFU·mL−1) were treated with four curcumin concentrations (25 and 50 µM in ethanol, 1000 and 1250 µM in propylene glycol) and illuminated at different light doses from 0 to 130.3 J·cm−2. The photoinactivation efficiency was light-dose dependent with the highest photoinactivation of 2.3 log CFU·mL−1 achieved using 1000 µM curcumin at 104.2 J·cm−2. Scanning electron microscopy revealed cell wall deformations as well as less density in photosensitized cells. Photosensitization of maize kernels gave rise to a complete reduction in the viability of A. flavus and therefore inhibition of AFB1 production, while no significant (p > 0.05) effect was observed using either light or curcumin. Moreover, photosensitization did not affect the carotenoids in all the studied maize varieties. The results suggest that photosensitization is a green alternative preservation technique to decontaminate maize kernels and reduce consumer exposure to AFB1 without any effect on carotenoid content.

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Effect of Ti(C, N) Particle on the Impact Toughness of B-Microalloyed Steel

Metals ◽

10.3390/met8110868 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (11) ◽

pp. 868 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yu Huang ◽

Guo-Guang Cheng ◽

Shi-Jian Li ◽

Wei-Xing Dai ◽

You Xie

Keyword(s):

Impact Toughness ◽

Microalloyed Steel ◽

Fracture Initiation ◽

Sem Analysis ◽

Number Density ◽

Size Number ◽

Microalloying Elements ◽

The Impact ◽

Ti Content ◽

Scanning Electron

Simultaneously improving the toughness and strength of B-microalloyed steel by adding microalloying elements (Nb, V, Ti) has been an extensively usedmethod for researchers. However, coarse Ti(C, N) particle will precipitate during solidification with inappropriate Ti content addition, resulting in poor impact toughness. The effect of the size, number density, and location of Ti(C, N) particle on the impact toughness of B-microalloyed steel with various Ti/N ratios was investigated. Coarse Ti(C, N) particles were investigated to act as the cleavage fracture initiation sites, by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. When more coarse Ti(C, N) inclusions were located in ferrite instead of pearlite, the impact toughness of steel with ferrite–pearlite microstructure was lower. Meanwhile, when the size or the number density of Ti(C, N) inclusions was larger, the impact toughness was adversely affected. Normalizing treatment helps to improve the impact property of B-microalloyed steel, owing to the location of Ti(C, N) particles being partly changed from ferrite to pearlite. The formation mechanism of coarse Ti(C, N) particles was calculated by the thermodynamic software Factsage 7.1 and Thermo-Calc. The Ti(C, N) particles formed during the solidification of molten steel, and the N-rich Ti(C, N) phase precipitated first and, then, followed by the C-rich Ti(C, N) phase. Decreasing the Ti and N content is an effective way to inhibit the formation of coarse Ti(C, N) inclusions.

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Aging Studies of Pu-238 and -239 Containing Calcium Phosphate Ceramic Waste-forms

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/opl.2013.926 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 1518 ◽

pp. 73-78 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shirley K. Fong ◽

Brian L. Metcalfe ◽

Randall D. Scheele ◽

Denis M. Strachan

Keyword(s):

Calcium Phosphate ◽

Accelerated Aging ◽

Waste Form ◽

Calcium Phosphate Ceramic ◽

Ceramic Waste ◽

Waste Forms ◽

Aging Studies ◽

Flow Through ◽

Pyrochemical Reprocessing

ABSTRACTA calcium phosphate ceramic waste-form has been developed at AWE for the immobilisation of chloride containing wastes arising from the pyrochemical reprocessing of plutonium. In order to determine the long term durability of the waste-form, aging trials have been carried out at PNNL. Ceramics were prepared using Pu-239 and -238, these were characterised by PXRD at regular intervals and Single Pass Flow Through (SPFT) tests after approximately 5 yrs.While XRD indicated some loss of crystallinity in the Pu-238 samples after exposure to 2.8 x 1018 α decays, SPFT tests indicated that accelerated aging had not had a detrimental effect on the durability of Pu-238 samples compared to Pu-239 waste-forms.

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Mechanical and Shielding Properties of an As-Cast New Pb-B Shielding Composite Materials

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.150-151.56 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 150-151 ◽

pp. 56-63

Author(s):

Yong Hua Duan ◽

Yong Sun ◽

Ming Jun Peng ◽

Zhong Zheng Guo

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Sem Analysis ◽

Radiation Shielding ◽

Shielding Effect ◽

High Tensile Strength ◽

New Type ◽

Γ Ray ◽

Shielding Properties ◽

Fractographic Examination ◽

Scanning Electron

The new type of Pb-B shielding alloys with high tensile strength and hardness were prepared by casting. The microstructure and morphology of the Pb-B alloys were investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis. Mechanical properties and radiation shielding effect of the alloys were compared with other Pb-based shielding alloys. The results indicate that the tensile strength and hardness increased up to 116 MPa and 160 HB with the 1.0 wt.% content of B. The fractographic examination conducted by SEM indicate that the Pb-B alloys are in form of plastic fracture, and the fracture model changes from the dimple to the intergranular quasi-cleavage with the increasing of B content. Furthermore, the composites are of the excellent shielding properties. Especially at the thickness of 20 mm, the shielding ratios for γ-ray and neutron reach 49.7% and 92.7%, respectively.

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The effect of CaCO3 addition on the crystallization behavior of ZnO crystal glaze fired at different gloss firing and crystallization temperatures

Science of Sintering ◽

10.2298/sos1003345j ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 42 (3) ◽

pp. 345-355 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

A.R. Jamaludin ◽

S.R. Kasim ◽

Z.A. Ahmad

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscope ◽

Crystallization Temperature ◽

Crystallization Behavior ◽

Isothermal Holding ◽

Sem Analysis ◽

Ceramic Product ◽

X Ray ◽

Glazed Ceramic ◽

Zno Crystal ◽

Scanning Electron

A glazed ceramic product with crystalline structure gives an artistic effect. In this study, the effects of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) addition into glaze batches on the crystallization behavior of crystal glaze were studied. Samples were fired at different gloss firing temperatures ranging from 1000-1200?C with 1060?C crystallization temperature. Xray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX) analysis of the phases identified these crystals as willemite (Zn2SiO4) in the form of spherulites. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis indicated that willemite crystals are in the acicular needle like shape. XRD result showed that the intensities of crystal peaks decreased with the addition of CaCO3 up to 3.0 wt%. However, there was no willemite crystals formation as the amount of CaCO3 raised to 5.0 wt%. Besides that, the results also indicated that willemite growth occurs during isothermal holding at crystallization temperature instead of during cooling from gloss firing temperature.

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