Alpha-Spectroscopy and Leach Testing of Synroc Doped With Actinide Elements

1999 ◽  
Vol 556 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. P. Hart ◽  
E. R. Vance ◽  
R. Stanojevic ◽  
R. A. Day
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Alpha Spectroscopy ◽  
Release Rates ◽  
Monthly Basis ◽  
Surface Examination ◽  
Actinide Elements

AbstractSynroc specimens doped individually with ˜ 1 wt% of Np or Pu have been studied, after leaching for >2,500 days, using α-spectroscopy and SEM. In the last leaching period, the leachant was replaced on either a daily or monthly basis. When the leachant was replaced on a daily basis the release rate of Np was similar to that measured when the samples were first leached, whereas for the monthly replacement the release rates of Np or Pu were about a factor of 20 to 30 lower than that for daily replacement. These findings agree generally with the results obtained from surface examination of the samples which showed that the thickness of actinidedepleted surface layer of anatase was 0.3 μm for monthly replacement but only 0.1 μm when the leachant was replaced frequently. Overall, the results suggest that release of actinides from Synroc are controlled by solubility limiting effects at the surface area to volume ratios employed in MCC-1 tests.

scholarly journals Study of the main processes driving atmospheric CH<sub>4</sub> variability in a rural Spanish region

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Grossi ◽  
Felix R. Vogel ◽  
Roger Curcoll ◽  
Alba Àgueda ◽  
Arturo Vargas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transport Model ◽  
Atmospheric Transport ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Atmospheric Variability ◽  
Absolute Deviation ◽  
Monthly Basis ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Methane Fluxes ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Atmospheric Concentrations

Abstract. Atmospheric concentrations of the two main greenhouse gases (GHGs), carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4), are continuously measured since November 2012 at the Spanish rural station of Gredos (GIC3), within the climate network ClimaDat, together with atmospheric radon (222Rn) tracer and meteorological parameters. The atmospheric variability of CH4 concentrations measured from 2013 to 2015 at GIC3 has been analyzed in this study. It is interpreted in relation to the variability of measured 222Rn concentrations, modelled 222Rn fluxes and modelled heights of the planetary boundary layer (PBLH) in the same period. In addition, nocturnal fluxes of CH4 were estimated using two methods: the Radon Tracer Method (RTM) and one based on the EDGARv4.2 bottom-up emission inventory. Both previous methods have been applied using the same footprints, calculated with the atmospheric transport model FLEXPARTv6.2. Results show that daily and seasonal changes in atmospheric concentrations of 222Rn (and the corresponding fluxes) can help to understand the atmospheric CH4 variability. On daily basis, the variation in the PBLH mainly drives changes in 222Rn and CH4 concentrations while, on monthly basis, their atmospheric variability seems to depend on changes in their emissions. The median value of RTM based methane fluxes (FR_CH4) is 0.17 mg CH4 m−2 h−1 with an absolute deviation of 0.08 mg CH4 m−2 h−1. Median methane fluxes based on bottom-up inventory (FE_CH4) is of 0.32 mg CH4 m−2 h−1 with an absolute deviation of 0.06 mg CH4 m−2 h−1. Monthly FR_CH4 flux shows a seasonality which is not observed in the monthly FE_CH4 flux. During January–May FR_CH4 fluxes present a median value of 0.08 mg CH4 m−2 h−1 with an absolute deviation of 0.05 mg CH4 m−2 h−1 and a median value of 0.19 mg CH4 m−2 h−1 with an absolute deviation of 0.06 mg CH4 m−2 h−1 during June–December. This seasonal doubling of the median methane fluxes calculated by RTM at the GIC3 area seems to be mainly related to the alternate presence of transhumant livestock in the GIC3 area. The results obtained in this study highlight the benefit of applying independent RTM to improve the seasonality of the emission factors from bottom-up inventories.

4D Measurements and Analysis of Heat Release Rate in a Model Gas Turbine Combustor

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rongxiao Dong ◽  
Qingchun Lei ◽  
Yeqing Chi ◽  
Qun Zhang ◽  
Wei Fan
Keyword(s):  
Heat Release ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Heat Release Rate ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Flame Surface ◽  
Global Instability ◽  
Gas Turbine Combustor ◽  
Model Gas Turbine Combustor ◽  
Edge Contours

Abstract Time-resolved volumetric measurements (4D measurements) were performed to study the heat release rate characteristics in a model gas turbine combustor at 10 kHz. For this purpose, a high-speed camera combined with an image intensifier and a set of customized fiber probes were employed to continuously capture the CH* chemiluminescence signals from nine different viewing angles. Based on the measurements, the computed tomography program was performed to reconstruct the shot-to-shot 3D distributions of the CH* signals. Specific focuses have been made to demonstrate the capabilities of the current tomographic technique in applications of a realistic combustor, in which the full optical access was usually not available for every viewing angle. The results showed that the 3D reconstruction can successfully retrieval the flame edge contours rather than the signal intensity. The flame surface area was then calculated based on the reconstructed flame edge contours and used to infer the heat release rate. The fluctuation of global/local flame surface area indicated that there existed distinct difference between the global instability and local instabilities at various locations in the non-symmetric combustor. The global instability appears to be an integration of those local instabilities.

scholarly journals Genetic and family counselling for schizophrenia: Where do we stand now?

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes L. Roos
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Counselling ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Treatment Team ◽  
Monthly Basis ◽  
Family Counselling ◽  
Literature Searches ◽  
Risk Predictors

<p><strong>Background:</strong> Recent genetic findings have led to profound changes in genetic and family counselling for schizophrenia patients and their families.</p><p><strong>Objectives:</strong> The article gives an overview of the present knowledge regarding the genetic and family counselling for schizophrenia.</p><p><strong>Method:</strong> Literature searches were performed on the MEDLINE database (2011–2015) and African Healthline. A current alert service which provides the most recent literature on the topic on a monthly basis was also used in the study. A clinical case example is presented as is experienced in daily psychiatric practice.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> Genetic risk communication has become the responsibility of the multiprofessional treatment team, moving away from specialists in the field. The treatment team provides information on a daily basis regarding risk predictors in the management of schizophrenia, including risk of relapse, suicide and comorbid substance use. Although genetic information is unique and has implications for blood relatives, genetic risk factors only rarely provide information that is inherently different from that provided by other risk predictors commonly used in healthcare. The common variant common disease and rare variant common disease models as contrasting hypothesis of the genetics of schizophrenia are discussed and debated. An example of a family counselled is given and the place of commercial companies that offer directly to the consumer affordable personal DNA testing for psychiatric illness is discussed. Ethical issues without resolution regarding genetic counselling of schizophrenia are debated.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Recent genetic findings must lead to profound changes in genetic and family counselling in schizophrenia. Exposed attributable risk has immediate effects on genetic counselling of schizophrenia. Psychiatric risk counselling has thus changed from risk estimates based on family history to estimates based on test results in specific individuals.</p><p><strong><br /></strong></p>

scholarly journals Scotopic rod vision in tetrapods arose from multiple early adaptive shifts in the rate of retinal release

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (26) ◽  
pp. 12627-12628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Liu ◽  
Yimeng Cui ◽  
Hai Chi ◽  
Yu Xia ◽  
Haonan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Release Rate ◽  
Spectral Properties ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Release Rates ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Scotopic Vision ◽  
Recent Innovation ◽  
Cone Pigments ◽  
Early Vertebrates ◽  
Adaptive Shifts

The ability of vertebrates to occupy diverse niches has been linked to the spectral properties of rhodopsin, conferring rod-based vision in low-light conditions. More recent insights have come from nonspectral kinetics, including the retinal release rate of the active state of rhodopsin, a key aspect of scotopic vision that shows strong associations with light environments in diverse taxa. We examined the retinal release rates in resurrected proteins across early vertebrates and show that the earliest forms were characterized by much faster rates of retinal release than more recent ancestors. We also show that scotopic vision at the origin of tetrapods is a derived state that arose via at least 4 major shifts in retinal release rate. Our results suggest that early rhodopsin had a function intermediate to that of modern rod and cone pigments and that its well-developed adaptation to low light is a relatively recent innovation since the origin of tetrapods.

scholarly journals Correlation Between Self-Reported Resident Duty Hours and Time-Stamped Parking Data

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 254-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Smitha R. Chadaga ◽  
Angela Keniston ◽  
Dan Casey ◽  
Richard K. Albert
Keyword(s):  
Medical Center ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Work Hours ◽  
Parking Garage ◽  
Monthly Basis ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Duty Hours ◽  
Resident Work ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Reported Data

Abstract Background Failure to comply with Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education-mandated resident work hour limitations can result in citations and shortened accreditation cycles. Many programs assess compliance by collecting self-reports of work hours from each resident. Objectives To examine residents' self-reported assessment of work hours recorded on a daily basis using a Web-based product with electronically recorded times collected as residents entered and exited the parking garage. Methods Study participants consisted of 62 University of Colorado Denver internal medicine residents rotating at Denver Health Medical Center on a monthly basis over a 4-month period. Self-reported data submitted by 60 residents were compared with the times these residents entered and exited from the parking garage at Denver Health Medical Center, as assessed by an electronic badge reader. Results A high level of agreement was found between these two data sets. No significant difference was found between the time-stamped parking data and self-reported Web-based data for resident work hours. Conclusions Residents accurately self-reported their work hours, using a daily Web-based duty hours log when compared to an independent, objective and blinded assessment of work hours.

scholarly journals P042 Evaluation of ‘let’s talk medicines’ helpline

2019 ◽  
Vol 104 (7) ◽  
pp. e2.48-e2
Author(s):  
Sarit Shah
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Subsequent Treatment ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Pharmacy Staff ◽  
Monthly Basis ◽  
Email Address

IntroductionStudies and research have shown that providing patient education through knowledge and counselling of the disease process and subsequent treatment empower patients and carers to improve patient’s health. Through understanding rationale for treatment, implications of non- compliance, non-adherence, disease progression and adverse effects of therapy, pharmacy staff are perfectly placed to empower patients and carers with evidence based knowledge and information to make their own educated decisions regarding therapy. The ‘Let’s Talk Medicines’ telephone service was set up in 2015 for exactly this purpose. It is a dedicated medicines information (MI) service aimed at patients, parents and carers, giving the opportunity to ask questions and obtain advice from specialist paediatric pharmacists about their child’s medicines once leaving the hospital. The services have vastly expanded over the last 2 and half years with the addition of an email address as an alternative means for contact. The helpline number and email address are heavily publicised to parents and carers through posters throughout the hospital, details published on all paediatric discharge summaries and printed information cards given to all outpatients during counselling.AimTo evaluate the service progression by analysing the sheer volume and types of queries over the last 3 years to identify how beneficial the novel service has proven to be.MethodsTo retrospectively analyse data from 3 monthly reports over the last 2.5 years of the service to identify number of calls, emails, types of queries received and users of the service.ResultsThe current service relies on all members of the pharmacy team answering calls on a dedicated patient line on an ad-hoc basis with several specialist pharmacists reviewing queries on a daily basis. Average call durations were between 5 to 8 minutes with more complex queries requiring in depth data search taking up to 30 minutes. All queries are logged on paper and then reviewed on a monthly basis as they are entered onto a database. Since the introduction of the service, the volume of calls received has increased by more than 50% with average of 35 per month in 2015 and 54 in 2017. Originally, the service was designed primarily for patients, parents and carers. Due to the increased recognition, the service has now been expanded to a variety of internal and external healthcare professionals, community practitioners and pharmacies, drug companies, commissioning staff, researchers and students. The types of queries range from supply issues, procurement of unlicensed medicines, to adverse effects, administration advice and complex pharmaceutical queries.ConclusionThe service has grown and developed with focus based around improving patient care, medication adherence and minimising medicines related risks. Through providing accurate, up-to-date and evidence based information its appeal has reached a wider audience including healthcare professionals. Combined with an increase in the number of calls and technological advances, a new email service has been rolled out in 2017, as an alternate means to contact the service. Direct comments from users of the service has shown positive feedback and trust.

Release Rules of Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals during Coal Gasification in CO2 and O2/CO2

2011 ◽  
Vol 396-398 ◽  
pp. 1206-1209
Author(s):  
Jian Ying Lin ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Yu Qiao
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Concentration ◽  
Ion Chromatography ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Alkaline Earth ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Alkaline Earth Metals ◽  
Release Rates ◽  
Experimental Conditions

Release rules of alkali and alkaline earth metals during coal gasification in CO2and O2/CO2are studied with fix-bed reactor and ion chromatography. The results show that the release rates of Na, K and Mg increase with the increase of temperature. Temperature has almost no effect on the release rate of Ca under the experimental conditions. Compare with temperature, Oxygen concentration has less effect on AAEM volatilization. The release rates of Na and K are higher than that of Mg and Ca. This indicates that the primary mechanisms of volatilization of Na and K are different from those of Mg and Ca.

Evaluation of Pheromone Dispensers for Use in Gypsy Moth Detection (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae)2

1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 280-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. Leonhardt ◽  
V. C. Mastro ◽  
E. D. DeVilbiss
Keyword(s):  
Gypsy Moth ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Release Rates ◽  
Pheromone Release ◽  
Male Moth ◽  
Effective Attraction ◽  
Pheromone Dispensers ◽  
Pheromone Release Rates ◽  
Pheromone Release Rate

Seven controlled-release dispenser formulations containing 500 μg of gypsy moth pheromone (+)-disparlure, were compared in laboratory and field tests. Pheromone release rates, residual pheromone contents, and male moth captures in traps baited with the dispensers were compared following pre-aging of the dispensers in a greenhouse at 35 °C for 0, 4, 12, and 16 wk. The laminate dispenser, now used in USDA detection traps, became less attractive over time as its pheromone release rate and content dropped below the threshold values previously reported as necessary for effective attraction. A polyvinyl chloride coated twine dispenser produced high male moth captures and gave release rates and residual contents above these thresholds (30 ng/h release rate and 100 μg content) at all aging periods. The tube-A dispenser was the most effective of the new commercially prepared formulations, followed by the membrane and tube-B whose male moth captures and release rates tended to increase with aging time. The capsule and film dispensers were the least effective of the formulations tested.

Performance of Controlled Release Dispensers for Grandlure, the Pheromone of the Boll Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)2

1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 414-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. Leonhardt ◽  
W. A. Dickerson ◽  
R. L. Ridgway ◽  
E. D. DeVilbiss
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Emission Rate ◽  
Boll Weevil ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Release Rates ◽  
Cigarette Filter ◽  
Temperature Changes

Comparison of laboratory-measured release rates with boll weevil captures showed that dispensers containing 10 mg of grandlure with a release rate of 10 μg/hr or higher generally produced weevil captures which were at least 50% as high as those with the reference, fresh cigarette filter. Emission rates of ca. 3 μg/hr or lower and amounts of residual grandlure of ≤ 2 mg generally resulted in weevil captures below the 50% threshold. Comparisons of commercial dispenser formulations containing 10 mg of grandlure showed that a Hereon orange plastic laminate (H-OL-T) was most effective in prolonging the release of grandlure in both field and laboratory evaluations. Its emission rate was least affected by temperature changes. Scentry PVC dispensers (S-T-T, S-C-T, S-S-T, and S-YS-T) and the Consep membrane (C-M-T) lost grandlure more rapidly than did the laminate; however, differences in weevil captures were often not significant. Fermone black PVC squares (F-S-T and F-OS-T), AgriSense polymeric rods, (A-50R-T and A-35R-T) and the cigarette filter (CF-T) were less effective in extending the release of grandlure. Dispensers mounted in the capture cylinder lost grandlure more rapidly than did similar dispensers mounted in the cooler trap base. A layer of stickum on one side of flat dispensers to facilitate attachment to the trap resulted in a somewhat lower release rate of grandlure.

Rate of Release of Rhynchophorol Pheromone in Relation to Attraction of Rhynchophorus palmarum (L.) (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae) in Oil Palm Plantations in Colombia

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-498
Author(s):  
Rosa Cecilia Aldana-De La Torre ◽  
Luis Guillermo Montes-Bazurto ◽  
Alex Enrique Bustillo-Pardey
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Release Rates ◽  
Rhynchophorus Palmarum ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Pheromone Release Rates

Abstract Rhynchophorus palmarum (L.) (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae) is an important pest in oil palm plantations, and its populations are monitored through rhynchophorol pheromone-baited traps. To optimize the release of rhynchophorol in high-density polyethylene diffusers, five calibers (2, 3, 4, 5, and 6) were evaluated. The experiment was conducted under a completely randomized design with 15 repetitions, recording daily weight loss of pheromones. Release rate of pheromone under laboratory conditions (30.2 ± 0.1°C; 70.8 ± 0.8% relative humidity [RH]) varied between 2.2 and 10.4 mg/day. Three diffusers with 2.4 ± 0.4, 3.6 ± 0.9, and 8.5 ± 1.3 mg/day of release rates, were selected for testing in three palm-growing zones. Adults of R. palmarum captured in traps with different diffusers were counted as well as pheromone weight loss. In two of three plantations, statistical differences were found in the capture of R. palmarum adults among the diffusers that presented different pheromone release rates (Eastern: F = 8.27; df = 2, 9; P = 0.0028; Central: F = 10.79; df = 2, 9; P = 0.0008; Southwestern F= 2.20; df = 2, 9; P= 0.1402). The diffuser with the release rate of 2.4 mg/day was selected because, after remaining 4 mo in the field, the traps with this diffuser registered catches statistically equal to those that had traps with newly installed diffusers. We concluded that the release rate of the pheromone of 2.4 mg/day is optimal for the capture of adults of R. palmarum during a period of 4 mo.

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