Microstructure and Friction of Ion Beam Induced Amorphous Ti-Pd Alloys

1985 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
J-P. Hirvonen ◽  
M. Nastasi ◽  
J. R. Phillips ◽  
J. W. Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Composition Range ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Amorphous Region ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Solid Solution Region ◽  
Friction Measurements ◽  
Solution Region ◽  
High Equilibrium

ABSTRACTMultilayered samples of Ti-Pd with linearly varying compositions were irradiated by Xe ions at 600 keV. The induced microstructures were studied by using transmission electron microscopy and Rutherford backscattering. Mixing was found to be complete over the entire composition range, resulting in amorphous or amorphous plus crystalline structures except at the palladium-rich end, where a crystalline Pd-Ti solid solution was obtained. This is consistent with the high equilibrium solubility of Ti in Pd. In addition, significant coarsening of the microstructure caused by irradiation was found in this solid solution region.Friction measurements were carried out in air and water by using a polytetrafluoroethylene pin as a counterpart. In air the friction coefficient was independent of composition and microstructure after about 2000 passes. In water, however, after 600 passes the friction coefficient reached a steady-state value with a pronounced minimum over the amorphous region. This property was unchanged throughout the remaining 10000 passes.

Ion beam modification of fullerene films and their frictional behavior

1994 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1615-1618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rabi S. Bhattacharya ◽  
A.K. Rai ◽  
J.S. Zabinski ◽  
Neil T. McDevitt
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Spectroscopic Analysis ◽  
Thermal Evaporation ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Amorphous Films ◽  
Raman Spectroscopic ◽  
Ion Beam Modification ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Crystalline Films

C60 films were deposited on a variety of substrates by thermal evaporation. The presence of C60 in the films was confirmed by Transmission Electron Microscopy and Raman spectroscopic analysis. The C60 films exhibited an average friction coefficient of 0.4–0.5. The films were irradiated with 2 MeV Ag+ and B+ ions at various doses. High energy ion bombardment created damage that resulted in partly crystalline to amorphous films, dependent on the mass and dose of ions. The amorphous films showed a friction coefficient of <0.1. Partly crystalline films showed a friction coefficient at the same level as that of unirradiated films.

Growth of Intermetallics at Coated Silver Wire Bond Interfaces

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (1) ◽  
pp. 000578-000582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarangapani Murali ◽  
Wong Chin Yeung Jason
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Precise Measurement ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Thermal Ageing ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Free Air ◽  
Bond Interface ◽  
Focus Ion Beam

Abstract The newly developed gold (Au) coated silver (Ag) wire exhibits axi-symmetrical free air ball (FAB) formation under atmosphere similar to Au wire. FAB of coated Ag showed better corrosion resistance than FAB of alloyed Ag, as Au dissolved along the periphery of Ag FAB forming into a solid-solution, Ag-Au alloy. Composition of the solid-solution Ag-Au alloy along the periphery ranges between 10 and 28wt% of Au. The diffusion depth of Au is 4μm from surface towards the center of FAB. For precise measurement of the diffusion length of Au into Ag, a solid thin layer is been parted using focus-ion beam (FIB). The solid thin layer is further thinned down to observe in Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and analyzed using line scan energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) attached to it. Near the neck of FAB and wire, Au diffusion is high up to 58wt%. On thermal ageing at 150/175°C for 500/1000h, the coated Ag wire bonded to Al-0.5wt%Cu pad revealed no degradation on ball pull/shear. Bond interface revealed significant growth of silver aluminide (AgAl) to a thickness of 3μm for 1000h of ageing and the growth rate fits to square-root power law.

Reaction Sintering of β-Si3N4/α'-Sialon Ceramics

1992 ◽  
Vol 287 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Boskovic ◽  
K.J. Lee ◽  
T.Y. Tien
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
Applied Pressure ◽  
Phase Region ◽  
Reaction Sintering ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Sintering Aid ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Solid Solution Region ◽  
Tie Lines ◽  
Solution Region

ABSTRACTCompositions in the α'-SiAlON-√-Si3N4 solid solution region in the system Si,Al,Y/N,O which contained a third phase as a sintering aid were prepared. Mixtures of starting materials were reaction sintered to full densities without applied pressure. Phases were identified and lattice parameters of β' and √ph ases were measured and compared with standards. The results were used to construct β'-SiAION-√-Si3N4 solidsolution tie lines in the two phase region. As expected, the specimens with a higher β'-SiAION content showed higher hardness and lower toughness values.

(Y1–xBix)3(Fe1–yGay)5O12 Solid Solution Region in the Ieneke Diagram

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
pp. 683-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. N. Smirnova ◽  
G. D. Nipan ◽  
G. E. Nikiforova
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
Solid Solution Region ◽  
Solution Region

Phase Relations and Microwave Dielectric Properties of ZnNb2O6–TiO2

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1331-1335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong-Wan Kim ◽  
Deok-Yang Kim ◽  
Kug Sun Hong
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
Dielectric Properties ◽  
Quality Factor ◽  
Microwave Dielectric Properties ◽  
Relative Dielectric Constant ◽  
Phase Relations ◽  
Rutile Structure ◽  
Microwave Dielectric ◽  
Solid Solution Region ◽  
Solution Region

The phase relations and microwave dielectric properties of (1−x)ZnNb2O6–xTiO2 were investigated using x-ray powder diffraction and a network analyzer. Four phase regions were studied with increasing TiO2 mol% (x): columbite solid solution, ixiolite (ZnTiNb2O8) solid solution, mixture of ixiolite and rutile solid solutions, and rutile solid solution. It was suggested that the microwave properties depend on crystal structure rather than chemical composition. In the columbite solid solution region, an order–disorder transition was found with an increasing amount of TiO2, and the quality factor decreased sharply. ZnTiNb2O8 (x = 0.5), has a fully disordered structure and possesses a quality factor of 42,500, relative dielectric constant (εr) of 34.3, and temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (τf) of −52 ppm/°C. In the mixture region of ixiolite and rutile structure, τf was modified to around 0 ppm/°C.

The solid-solution region for the langasite-type Ca3TaGa3Si2O14 crystal as determined by a lever rule

2015 ◽  
Vol 415 ◽  
pp. 111-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hengyu Zhao ◽  
Satoshi Uda ◽  
Kensaku Maeda ◽  
Jun Nozawa ◽  
Haruhiko Koizumi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
Lever Rule ◽  
Solid Solution Region ◽  
Solution Region

Re-investigation of the structure and crystal chemistry of the Bi2O3–W2O6 `type (Ib)' solid solution using single-crystal neutron and synchrotron X-ray diffraction

2010 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neeraj Sharma ◽  
Rene B. Macquart ◽  
Maxim Avdeev ◽  
Mogens Christensen ◽  
Garry J. McIntyre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Cation Site ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Oxide Ion Conductivity ◽  
Solid Solution Region ◽  
Solution Region ◽  
First Time ◽  
Oxide Ion

Single crystals of composition Bi35.66W4.34O66.51 (or Bi8.2WO15.3, bismuth tungsten oxide), within the type (Ib) solid-solution region of the Bi2O3–WO3 system, were synthesized using the floating-zone furnace method. Synchrotron X-ray and neutron single-crystal diffraction data were used to confirm the previously tentative assignment of the room-temperature space group as I41. Fourier analysis of the combined X-ray and neutron datasets was used to elucidate and refine fully the cation and anion arrays for the first time. The mixed cation site M1 is shown to be coordinated by eight O atoms in an irregular cube when M = Bi, and by six O atoms in an octahedron when M = W. The resulting disorder in the average structure around M1 is discussed in the context of experimentally observed oxide-ion conductivity.

Solid solution region of the Bi2Sr2CaCu2Oy superconductor

1993 ◽  
Vol 217 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 85-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.G. Holesinger ◽  
D.J. Miller ◽  
L.S. Chumbley
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
Solid Solution Region ◽  
Solution Region
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