Mixed Ionic-Electronic Conduction of Na-Beta-Alumina Under the Conditions of a Potentiometric CO2 Sensor

1998 ◽  
Vol 548 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Näfe ◽  
S. Gollhofer ◽  
F. Aldinger
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Solid Electrolyte ◽  
The Other ◽  
Electronic Conduction ◽  
Voltage Response ◽  
Co2 Sensor ◽  
Negligible Amount ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Sensitive Electrode ◽  
Beta Alumina

ABSTRACTIt is shown that, on employing a practically relevant type of a potentiometric solid state CO2 sensor comprising Na-beta-alumina as solid electrolyte and Na2CO3 as gas sensitive electrode, the voltage response may be remarkably affected by electronic transference. This is in contradiction to what is commonly stated in the literature about the measuring properties of such a type of a sensor. On the other hand, the observation of a non-negligible amount of electronic conduction confirms previous findings on the behaviour of Na-beta-alumina under the conditions of a CO2sensor.

scholarly journals Determination of the Ratios of Ligands to Metal Ion of some Metal Complexes of Triazoles by Using Eleetronie Speetra in Organie Solvents

2004 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-115
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Metal Complexes ◽  
Electronic Spectra ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
The Other ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Other Hand

We found that 4,5- diphenyl- 3(2- propynyl) thio- 1??-triazole [1? forms a complex with Pd (11) ion of ratio 1:1 which absorbs light in CH2CI2 at 400 nm, and 4,5- diphenyl- 3(2- propenyl) thio- 1,2,4- triazole [II] forms complexes with Pd (II) ion of ratio 1:1 which absorbs light at 390 nm, and of ratio 2:1 which absorbs light at 435 nm. On the other hand, we found that the new derivative 4- phenyl- 5( p- amino phenyl) -3- mercapto- 1,2,4- triazole ?111? forms complexes with Cu (II) ion of the ratio 1:1 which absorbs light at 380 nm, with Ni (II) ion of the ratio 3:1 which absorbs light at 358 nm; and with Co (11) ion of the ratio 3.2:1 which absorbs light at 588 nm. The ratio of the complexes were determined by measuring the electronic spectra of the complexes in CH2G2 and (CH^NCHO at different concentrations ofthe ligands and f?xed ' •' of the metal ion in every case, then applying the molar ratio plots on the data. Our results were confirmed by precipitating most ofthe above complexes in solid state, and then each complex was analyzed elementally.

A Dramatic Reduction in the Sintering Temperature of the Refractory Sodium β’’-Alumina Solid Electrolyte via Cold Sintering

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zane A. Grady ◽  
Arnaud Ndayishimiye ◽  
Clive A Randall
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Solid Electrolyte ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Sodium Ion ◽  
Dramatic Reduction ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
Sodium Beta Alumina ◽  
Beta Alumina

The cold sintering process is successfully applied to one of the most refractory solid-state sodium-ion electrolytes, namely sodium beta alumina (SBA). By using a hydroxide-based transient solvent, SBA is densified...

Electrochemical Stability and Performance of Li2OHCl Substituted by F or Br as Solid-State Electrolyte

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Seok Lee ◽  
Su-Yeon Jung ◽  
Kwang-Sun Ryu
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Solid Electrolyte ◽  
Solid Electrolytes ◽  
Interstitial Site ◽  
Electrochemical Stability ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chemical Bonds ◽  
Solid State Electrolyte ◽  
And Performance

Abstract Li2(OH)0.9F0.1Cl, Li2(OH)0.9Br0.1Cl, and Li2OHCl0.8Br0.2 solid electrolytes were synthesized and compared with Li2OHCl to analyze the exact improvement mechanism for Li+ conductivity and electrochemical stability of Li2OHX-type solid electrolyte. The substituted materials exhibit improved electrochemical stability and Li+ conductivity Li2OHCl. Among these materials, Li(OH)0.9F0.1Cl has improved Li+ conductivity due to a reduction of the OH– concentration and the conductivity of Li2OHCl0.8Br0.2 was also increased compared with Li2OHCl due to the large interstitial site. In the case of Li2(OH)0.9Br0.1Cl, it had the highest Li+ conductivity and good Li+ migration by both effects because of a larger interstitial site and low OH− concentration. Furthermore, the electrochemical stability of four materials was compared due to the different structural stabilities and strengths of binary chemical bonds such as Li–X, H–X, and O–X. Comparing the Li+ conductivity of Li2(OH)0.9F0.1Cl and Li2OHCl0.8Br0.2, the Li+ conductivity is influenced by the OH− concentration unlike the other mechanisms.

Persistent Electronic Conduction in 12CaO7Al2O3 Thin Films Produced by Ar Ion Implantation: Selective Kick-Out Effect Leads to Electride Thin Films

2004 ◽  
Vol 811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masashi Miyakawa ◽  
Katsuro Hayashi ◽  
Yoshitake Toda ◽  
Toshio Kamiya ◽  
Masahiro Hirano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Ion Implantation ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Method ◽  
Electronic Conduction ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Electronic Conductor ◽  
Other Hand

ABSTRACTA new method to convert 12CaO7Al2O3 (C12A7) thin films to electronic conductor by hot Ar+ ion implantation has been developed and its mechanism is discussed. It was found that hot Ar+ ion implantation extruded free O2- ions in C12A7 films by kick-out effects at fluences higher than 1×1017 cm−2, which left electrons in the cages embedded in C12A7 crystal and produced high concentration F+-like centers (∼1.4×1021 cm−3). The resulting films show coloration and persistent electronic conduction with conductivities up to ∼1 Scm−1. On the other hand, fluences less than 1×1017 cm−2 kept the films transparent and insulating.

scholarly journals Reactivity of T-Nb2O5 or H-Nb2O5 towards V2O5. Synthesis in the solid state and properties of V4Nb18O55

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Tabero ◽  
Elzbieta Filipek ◽  
Mateusz Piz
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Solid Solution ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Ir Spectra ◽  
Ir Spectrum ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Structural Relations

AbstractThe IR spectrum of V4Nb18O55 has been compared with the IR spectra of selected niobates of known structures to show structural relations between these compounds. This comparison shows that V4Nb18O55 has crystal structure related to T-Nb2O5, W16Nb18O94 and Ba2NaNb5O15. On the other hand, reaction between V2O5 and H-Nb2O5 yields a solid solution of V2O5 in VNb9O25. It has been proposed two models of synthesized solid solution with formulas V1+xNb9-xO25 or V1+xNb9O25+5x/2.Independently of Nb2O5 polymorph, used for synthesis, the metastable compound VNbO5 cannot be synthesized in the solid state below 650°C

scholarly journals A Possible Mechanism for the Capture of Microparticles by the Earth and Other Planets of the Solar System

1971 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 271-274
Author(s):  
F. Di Benedetto
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Solar System ◽  
Neutral Point ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Moon ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Solid Form

By application of Lyttleton’s theory for the formation of comets, it is shown that a possible mechanism for the origin and formation of a concentration of cosmic particles around the Earth and the other planets of the solar system exists.In the vicinity of the neutral point, where the velocity of colliding particles is not greater than 6 km/s, it is found that if the solid particles after collision must remain in a solid state, there can be no possibility of accretion for Mercury, Mars, and the Moon, where the maximum value of the “closing-in parameter” p (distance of the center of the planet to the asymptotic trajectory) is less than the radius of the planet.On the other hand, the capture radii of microparticles in solid form varies from a minimum of 2.95 planetary radii for Venus and 3.47 for the Earth, to about 986 for Jupiter.

scholarly journals Studies of Indium Tin Oxide-Based Sensing Electrodes in Potentiometric Zirconia Solid Electrolyte Gas Sensors

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 2345
Author(s):  
Stefan Dietrich ◽  
Mihails Kusnezoff ◽  
Alexander Michaelis
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Solid Electrolyte ◽  
Gas Sensors ◽  
Tin Oxide ◽  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
The Other ◽  
Response Behavior ◽  
State Reference

A zirconia-based potentiometric solid electrolyte gas sensor with internal solid state reference was used to study the response behavior of platinum cermet and indium tin oxide sensing electrodes. Target gases included both oxygen and carbon monoxide in nitrogen-based sample gas mixtures. It was found that with the indium tin oxide sensing electrode, the low-temperature behavior is mainly a result of incomplete equilibration due to contaminations of the electrode surface. On the other hand, some of these contaminant species have been identified as being pivotal for the higher carbon monoxide sensitivity of the indium tin oxide sensing electrode as compared to platinum cermet electrodes.

A study of cometary eruptions through OH radio-lines

1999 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 249-254
Author(s):  
A.M. Silva ◽  
R.D. Miró
Keyword(s):  
Short Duration ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
The Other ◽  
Initial Mass ◽  
Radio Lines ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Sudden Rise

AbstractWe have developed a model for theH2OandOHevolution in a comet outburst, assuming that together with the gas, a distribution of icy grains is ejected. With an initial mass of icy grains of 108kg released, theH2OandOHproductions are increased up to a factor two, and the growth curves change drastically in the first two days. The model is applied to eruptions detected in theOHradio monitorings and fits well with the slow variations in the flux. On the other hand, several events of short duration appear, consisting of a sudden rise ofOHflux, followed by a sudden decay on the second day. These apparent short bursts are frequently found as precursors of a more durable eruption. We suggest that both of them are part of a unique eruption, and that the sudden decay is due to collisions that de-excite theOHmaser, when it reaches the Cometopause region located at 1.35 × 105kmfrom the nucleus.

Closing the GAP—A 5Å Scanning Microscope

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 6-7
Author(s):  
A. V. Crewe
Keyword(s):  
Normal Form ◽  
The Other ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Scanning Microscope ◽  
Conventional Microscope ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Closing The Gap ◽  
Thermal Sources ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Transmission Microscope

We have become accustomed to differentiating between the scanning microscope and the conventional transmission microscope according to the resolving power which the two instruments offer. The conventional microscope is capable of a point resolution of a few angstroms and line resolutions of periodic objects of about 1Å. On the other hand, the scanning microscope, in its normal form, is not ordinarily capable of a point resolution better than 100Å. Upon examining reasons for the 100Å limitation, it becomes clear that this is based more on tradition than reason, and in particular, it is a condition imposed upon the microscope by adherence to thermal sources of electrons.

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