Spectroscopic Study of Pulsed Laser Induced Plasma from Aluminum Surface

1998 ◽  
Vol 526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. F. Lu ◽  
Z. B. Tao ◽  
M. H. Hong ◽  
D.S.H. Chan ◽  
T.S. Low
Keyword(s):  
Spectroscopic Study ◽  
Laser Energy ◽  
Plasma Temperature ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Spectral Lines ◽  
Aluminum Surface ◽  
Spontaneous Radiation ◽  
Incident Laser ◽  
Optical Emission Spectrum ◽  
Laser Fluences

AbstractOptical emission spectrum of aluminum plasma induced by a 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser is investigated by an Optical Multichannel Analyzer (OMA). Spectroscopic study shows that more number of Al, Al+, and Al++ spectral lines can be observed with increasing the incident laser fluence. Al, Al+, Al++ spectral lines are also observed successively with high fluence. The atomic spontaneous radiation is analyzed to interpret the calibrated plasma spectrum. The laser energy threshold for the appearance of excited Al, Al+, and Al++ spectral lines are about 0.8, 1.0 and 1.5 J/cm2 respectively. Assuming LTE (Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium) conditions, the plasma density is derived to be in the range of 0.7×1017 to 2×1017 cm-3 from the profiles of Al+ (358.7 and 286.1 nm) spectral lines with different gated times and incident laser fluences. The plasma temperature is also estimated to be 4000 ~ 8000 K, from relative intensities of two different Al I spectral lines (309.2 and 396.2 nm) with different fluence.

scholarly journals SPECTROSCOPY PECULIARITIES OF ELECTRIC ARC DISCHARGE PLASMA WITH IRON VAPOURS

2021 ◽  
pp. 171-175
Author(s):  
A. Murmantsev ◽  
A. Veklich ◽  
V. Boretskij
Keyword(s):  
Discharge Plasma ◽  
Arc Discharge ◽  
Line Emission ◽  
Plasma Temperature ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Plasma Source ◽  
Electric Arc ◽  
Spectral Lines ◽  
Electric Arc Discharge

This work is devoted to spectroscopy peculiarities of electric arc discharge plasma with iron vapours. The solution of the main issue of optical emission spectroscopy, namely, selection of iron spectral lines, to study the parameters of non-uniform and non-steady-state plasma source, was considered within this paper. Specifically, the Boltzmann plots technique was used for detailed analysing of application possibility of Fe I spectral lines as well as for determination of plasma temperature. The spatial profiles of selected spectral line emission intensities were used to measure the radial distributions of plasma temperature of free-burning arc discharge between consumable electrodes at 3.5 A.

scholarly journals Investigation of compositional analysis and physical properties for Ni-Cr-Nb alloys using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussein Salloom ◽  
Tagreed Hamad
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Laser Energy ◽  
Plasma Temperature ◽  
Compositional Analysis ◽  
Spectral Lines ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Elemental Content ◽  
Empirical Formulas ◽  
Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown

In this work, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) analysis is optimized for direct estimation of elemental composition, thermal conductivity and hardness for Ni-Cr-Nb alloys. These alloys were chosen with a variable elemental content of niobium and chromium. The influence of laser energy and shot numbers on measuring line intensity was investigated. Based on the ratio between two spectral lines, calibration curves were formed to estimate the element concentration and LIBS results were confirmed with related energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) data. Hardness and thermal conductivity estimation using LIBS were done by measuring the ratio between two spectral lines, plasma excitation temperature and electron density for different samples. Semi-empirical formulas correlated hardness and thermal conductivity with plasma temperature were established.

Determination of the reduced electric field in surface dielectric barrier discharge plasmas

2021 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 35-44
Author(s):  
А.А. Mutalip ◽  
◽  
Y.А. Ussenov ◽  
А.K. Akildinova ◽  
М.K. Dosbolayev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Emission Spectrum ◽  
Barrier Discharge ◽  
Block Diagram ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Spectral Lines ◽  
Surface Barrier ◽  
Optical Emission Spectrum

In this paper, the experimental determination of the reduced electric field (E/n) in plasma of dielectric coplanar surface barrier discharge (DCSBD) at atmospheric pressure was demonstrated. The plasma characteristics and the experimental setup properties were described, and the optical emission spectrum of the plasma was also measured. The results of optical emission spectroscopy showed the presence of nitrogen molecular bands in the emission spectrum of DCSBD. In particular, the second positive and the first negative systems, as well as low intensity OH and NO lines were identified. The main transport properties of electrons, such as mobility, mean average energy, and diffusion coefficients were calculated using the BOLSIG+ open source software. The dependence of the ratio of intensities of the nitrogen spectral lines on the reduced electric field, the dependence of the E/n on plasma power, and the dependence of the electron energy distribution function (EEDF) on E/n were obtained. An algorithm in the form of a block diagram for determining the reduced electric field by the BOLSIG + program and experimentally measured spectral line intensities are presented. The utilized method is quite simple, accessible and versatile.

scholarly journals Chemical Analysis of Thermoluminescent Colorless Topaz Crystal Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 367
Author(s):  
Shahab Ahmed Abbasi ◽  
Muhammad Rafique ◽  
Taj Muhammad Khan ◽  
Adnan Khan ◽  
Nasar Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Temperature ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Nanosecond Laser Pulse ◽  
Nanosecond Laser ◽  
Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Laser Fluences ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown ◽  
Pakistani Origin

We present results of calibration-free laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (CF-LIBS) and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis of natural colorless topaz crystal of local Pakistani origin. Topaz plasma was produced in the ambient air using a nanosecond laser pulse of width 5 ns and wavelength 532 nm. For the purpose of detection of maximum possible constituent elements within the Topaz sample, the laser fluences were varied, ranging 19.6–37.6 J·cm−2 and optical emission from the plasma was recorded within the spectral range of 250–870 nm. The spectrum obtained has shown the presence of seven elements viz. Al, Si, F, O, H, Na and N. Results shows that the fluorine was detected at laser fluence higher than 35 J·cm−2 and plasma temperature of >1 eV. Al and Si were found as the major compositional elements in topaz crystals. The ratios of concentrations of Al and Si were found as 1.55 and 1.59 estimated by CF-LIBS and EDX, respectively. Furthermore, no impurity was found in the investigated colorless topaz samples.

scholarly journals Discharge and Optical Emission Spectrum Characteristics of a Coaxial Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma-Assisted Combustion Actuator

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Pengfei Liu ◽  
Liming He ◽  
Bingbing Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Emission Spectrum ◽  
Discharge Plasma ◽  
Barrier Discharge ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Input Voltage ◽  
Spectral Lines ◽  
Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma ◽  
Optical Emission Spectrum ◽  
Dielectric Barrier ◽  
Barrier Discharge Plasma

A coaxial dielectric barrier discharge plasma-assisted combustion actuator (DBD-PACA) system was set up to study its discharge and optical emission spectrum (OES) characteristics in space in this paper. Results showed that each discharge cycle can be divided into four stages: a, b, c, and d. Discharge-on only occurred in stages b and d. Comparatively, the discharge intensity was larger in stage d due to the memory effect of excited electrons. Moreover, Lissajous figure and current-voltage methods were utilized to calculate the power of the coaxial DBD-PACA, and both methods produced roughly similar results. The power presented an upward trend with increasing input voltage and airflow rate. In addition, numerous second positive system (SPS) excited nitrogen molecules were detected from the OES signals. The intensity of the spectral lines (297.54 nm, 315.76 nm, 336.96 nm, and 357.56 nm) first increased, then maintained, and then increased rapidly with the increased radius; however, the intensity of the spectral lines (380.34 nm, 405.80 nm, and 434.30 nm) basically remained unchanged, then increased, and finally decreased with the increased radius. The vibrational temperature first decreased quickly and then increased and reached the minimum at r = 18 mm with the increased radius. The vibrational temperatures at all collection points decreased with the increased input voltage. However, within the range of 0–280 L/min, when r was lower than 15 mm, the vibrational temperatures first increased rapidly and then decreased slowly; when r was greater than 15 mm, the vibrational temperatures first increased and then basically remained stable.

scholarly journals Spectroscopic Diagnosis of the CdO:CoO Plasma Produced by Nd:YAG Laser

2021 ◽  
pp. 2948-2955
Author(s):  
Maryam M. Shehab ◽  
Kadhim A. Aadim
Keyword(s):  
Electron Temperature ◽  
Nd:Yag Laser ◽  
Laser Energy ◽  
Focal Length ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Ratio Method ◽  
Plasma Parameters ◽  
Optical Emission Spectrum ◽  
Boltzmann Plot ◽  
Laser Induced Plasma

      In this paper, the optical emission spectrum (OES) technique was used to analyze the spectrum resulting from the (CdO:CoO)  plasma in air, produced by Nd:YAG laser with λ=1064 nm, τ=10 ns, a focal length of 10 cm, and a range of energy of 200-500 mJ. We identified laser-induced plasma parameters such as electron temperature (Te) using Boltzmann plot method, density of electron (ne), length of Debye (λD), frequency of plasma (fp), and number of Debye (ND), using two-Line-Ratio method. At a mixing ratio of X= 0.5, the (CdO:CoO) plasma spectrum was recorded for different energies. The results of plasma parameters caused by laser showed that, with the increase in laser energy, the values of Te, ne and fp were increased, while the value of λD was decreased. The calculated electron temperature value was in the range of 0.449-0.619 eV at ratio X=0.5

scholarly journals Spectroscopic Diagnostics of Plasma parameter in Laser Induced Plasma using PbO Lines

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Anas A. Abdullah1 ◽  
Sabre J. Mohammed1 ◽  
Ghuson H. Mohammed2
Keyword(s):  
Electron Density ◽  
Optical Emission Spectroscopy ◽  
Plasma Parameter ◽  
Laser Energy ◽  
Wave Length ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Optical Emission Spectrum ◽  
Electrical Field ◽  
Excitation Rate ◽  
Laser Induced Plasma

The optical emission spectrum of produced plasma was studied using pulse laser, where the effect of laser energy at a wavelength of 1064nm  was studied on lead oxide that produced by optical emission spectroscopy at different laser energy from 500 to 900 mJ. It was found that the intensity for Pb I and Pb II lines increase with increasing laser energy, but with different ratio, as a result increasing the excitation rate with increasing the number of falling photons. The wave length was recorded at highest laser Energy produced from Pb II which was equal to 666.02 nm. It can be seen that The height of peaks increase with increasing laser energy due to the effect of increasing the Electrical field induced by increasing Electrons density and the temperature of electron (Te) and electron density (ne) increase from 1.222×1018 cm-3 to 1.444×1018 cm-3 with increasing laser energy from  500 to 900 mJ respectively as a result of increasing number of falling photons which lead to increase in the electron density.   http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.24.2019.033   

Gold Nanoparticle-Enhanced Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy and Three-Dimensional Contour Imaging of an Aluminum Alloy

2020 ◽  
pp. 000370282097304
Author(s):  
Amal A. Khedr ◽  
Mahmoud A. Sliem ◽  
Mohamed Abdel-Harith
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Plasma Temperature ◽  
Spectral Lines ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Al Alloy ◽  
Boltzmann Plot ◽  
Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown

In the present work, nanoparticle-enhanced laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy was used to analyze an aluminum alloy. Although LIBS has numerous advantages, it suffers from low sensitivity and low detection limits compared to other spectrochemical analytical methods. However, using gold nanoparticles helps to overcome such drawbacks and enhances the LIBS sensitivity in analyzing aluminum alloy in the current work. Aluminum was the major element in the analyzed samples (99.9%), while magnesium (Mg) was the minor element (0.1%). The spread of gold nanoparticles onto the Al alloy and using a laser with different pulse energies were exploited to enhance the Al alloy spectral lines. The results showed that Au NPs successfully improved the alloy spectral lines intensity by eight times, which could be useful for detecting many trace elements in higher matrix alloys. Under the assumption of local thermodynamic equilibrium, the Boltzmann plot was used to calculate the plasma temperature. Besides, the electron density was calculated using Mg and H lines at Mg(I) at 285.2 nm and Hα(I) at 656.2 nm, respectively. Three-dimensional contour mapping and color fill images contributed to understanding the behavior of the involved effects.

Searching for 3D effects in the optical, high spectral resolution emission spectrum of KELT-9b

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Pino ◽  
Matteo Brogi ◽  
Jean-Michel Désert ◽  
Emily Rauscher
Keyword(s):  
Emission Spectrum ◽  
Spectral Resolution ◽  
Planet Formation ◽  
Emission Spectra ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
High Spectral Resolution ◽  
Optical Emission Spectrum ◽  
Hot Jupiters ◽  
Atmospheric Structure ◽  
3D Effects

<p>Ultra-hot Jupiters (UHJs; T<sub>eq</sub> ≥ 2500 K) are the hottest gaseous giants known. They emerged as ideal laboratories to test theories of atmospheric structure and its link to planet formation. Indeed, because of their high temperatures, (1) they likely host atmospheres in chemical equilibrium and (2) clouds do not form in their day-side. Their continuum, which can be measured with space-facilities, can be mostly attributed to H- opacity, an indicator of metallicity. From the ground, the high spectral resolution emission spectra of UHJs contains thousands of lines of refractory (Fe, Ti, TiO, …) and volatile species (OH, CO, …), whose combined atmospheric abundances could track planet formation history in a unique way. In this talk, we take a deeper look to the optical emission spectrum of KELT-9b covering planetary phases 0.25 - 0.75 (i.e. between secondary eclipse and quadrature), and search for the effect of atmospheric dynamics and three-dimensionality of the planet atmosphere on the resolved line profiles, in the context of a consolidated statistical framework. We discuss the suitability of the traditionally adopted 1D models to interprete phase-resolved observations of ultra-hot Jupiters, and the potential of this kind of observations to probe their 3D atmospheric structure and dynamics. Ultimately, understanding which factors affect the line-shape in UHJs will also lead to more accurate and more precise abundance measurements, opening a new window on exoplanet formation and evolution.</p>

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