scholarly journals Production Methods for Metallic Foams

1998 ◽  
Vol 521 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Banhart ◽  
J. Baumeister
Keyword(s):  
Porous Metal ◽  
Filler Materials ◽  
Metallic Foams ◽  
Metal Powders ◽  
Indirect Methods ◽  
Metallic Structures ◽  
Electro Deposition ◽  
Foaming Agents ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Metal Structures

ABSTRACTThe possibilities for making metallic foams or similar porous metal structures are reviewed. The various processes are classified according to the state of the starting metal - liquid, powdered, ionised. Liquid metal can be foamed directly by injecting gas, gas-releasing foaming agents or by producing supersaturated metal-gas solutions. Indirect methods include investment casting and usage of filler materials. Metal powders can also be used as starting materials for metallic foams: mixtures of such powders with foaming agents are compacted to foamable precursor materials that can be foamed in a second step. Instead of foaming agents inert gas can be directly entrapped in the precursor. Metal foams can also be made from metal powder slurries or by using polymer/powder mixtures. Finally, galvanic electro-deposition also allows to make highly porous metallic structures with open pores.

Progress on Investigation of Pores During Selective Laser Melting of Metal Powders and Future Work Discussion

2011 ◽  
Vol 291-294 ◽  
pp. 3088-3094
Author(s):  
Jin Hui Liu ◽  
Wen Juan Xie ◽  
Qing Song Wei ◽  
Li Wang
Keyword(s):  
Selective Laser Melting ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Porous Metal ◽  
Complex Structures ◽  
Metal Powders ◽  
Porous Metals ◽  
Laser Melting ◽  
Metal Structures ◽  
Metal Parts ◽  
Future Work

Pores are always considered as a kind of defect during manufacturing metal parts via many conventional processes. But porous metals have outstanding physical and mechanical properties which providing them double natures of function and structure, and are applied in many fields of science and technology. Selective laser melting (SLM), developed within current years, has the advantages of producing metal parts with complex structures, and can be used to manufacture complex structures of any kind theoretically. A new method of making porous complicated metal structures via SLM is put forward. Then, the meaning of this method, research advance and future work discussion are presented in this paper, which lays a method foundation for future study and build a new field for both porous metal parts and SLM technology.

Production Techniques of Metallic Foams in Lightweight Materials

2022 ◽  
pp. 153-175
Author(s):  
Nuray Beköz Üllen ◽  
Gizem Karabulut
Keyword(s):  
Physical State ◽  
Metallic Foam ◽  
Metallic Foams ◽  
Production Technique ◽  
Lightweight Materials ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Ionic State ◽  
Production Techniques ◽  
State Production ◽  
Usage Area

Lightweight materials were needed in many different areas, especially in order to reduce the required energy in areas such as automotive and aerospace industries. Metallic foams attract attention in lightweight material applications due to their unique properties. The pores in its structure provide advantages in many applications, both structural and functional by promising both ultra-lightweight construction, energy absorption, and damping insulation. Production techniques of metallic foams can generally be classified as liquid, solid, gas, and ionic state production according to the physical state of the metal at the beginning of the process. The production technique should be chosen according to the usage area and desired properties of the metallic foam and the suitability in terms of cost and sustainability of production. For this reason, the details of the production techniques should be known and the products that can be obtained and their properties should be understood. In this respect, this chapter emphasizes the production methods from past to present.

Process Parameters and Foaming Agents Used in Manufacturing of Aluminium metallic foams: A Review

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. 505-510
Author(s):  
Sri Ram Vikas K ◽  
N. Raghu Ram ◽  
Ch. Kishore Reddy ◽  
V.V. Sridhara Raju
Keyword(s):  
Process Parameters ◽  
Metallic Foams ◽  
Foaming Agents

scholarly journals On the Filler Materials of Metal Matrix Syntactic Foams

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Attila Szlancsik ◽  
Bálint Katona ◽  
Alexandra Kemény ◽  
Dóra Károly
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Metal Matrix ◽  
Hollow Spheres ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Filler Materials ◽  
Syntactic Foams ◽  
Metallic Foams ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Energy Absorbers ◽  
Cost Awareness

Metal matrix syntactic foams (MMSFs) are becoming increasingly relevant from the lightweight structural materials point of view. They are also used as energy absorbers and as core materials for sandwich structures. The mechanical properties of MMSFs are extensively influenced by the properties of their filler materials which are used to create and ensure the porosity inside the metal matrix. As the properties of fillers are of such importance in the case of MMSFs, in this paper three different filler materials: (i) ceramic hollow spheres (CHSs), (ii) metallic hollow spheres (MHSs) and (iii) lightweight expanded clay particles (LECAPs), have been investigated in numerous aspects. The investigations cover the microstructural features of the fillers and the basic mechanical properties of the fillers and the produced MMSFs as well. The microstructure was studied by optical and electron microscopy extended by energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry, while the basic mechanical properties were mapped by standardized compression tests. It was found that in the terms of cost-awareness the LECAPs are the best fillers, because they are ~100 times cheaper than the CHSs or MHSs, but their mechanical properties can be compared to the aforementioned, relatively expensive filler materials and still exceed the properties of the most ‘conventional’ metallic foams.

scholarly journals Microarchitecture of titanium cylinders obtained by additive manufacturing does not influence osseointegration in the sheep

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis Rony ◽  
Eric Aguado ◽  
Bruno Verlee ◽  
Florence Pascaretti-Grizon ◽  
Daniel Chappard
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Bone Cells ◽  
Porous Metal ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Metallic Foams ◽  
Trabecular Microarchitecture ◽  
Natural Bone ◽  
The Core ◽  
Large Bone ◽  
Large Bone Defects

Abstract Large bone defects are a challenge for orthopedic surgery. Natural (bone grafts) and synthetic biomaterials have been proposed but several problems arise such as biomechanical resistance or viral/bacterial safety. The use of metallic foams could be a solution to improve mechanical resistance and promote osseointegration of large porous metal devices. Titanium cylinders have been prepared by additive manufacturing (3D printing/rapid prototyping) with a geometric or trabecular microarchitecture. They were implanted in the femoral condyles of aged ewes; the animals were left in stabling for 90 and 270 days. A double calcein labeling was done before sacrifice; bones were analyzed by histomorphometry. Neither bone volume, bone/titanium interface nor mineralization rate were influenced by the cylinder’s microarchitecture; the morphometric parameters did not significantly increase over time. Bone anchoring occurred on the margins of the cylinders and some trabeculae extended in the core of the cylinders but the amount of bone inside the cylinders remained low. The rigid titanium cylinders preserved bone cells from strains in the core of the cylinders. Additive manufacturing is an interesting tool to prepare 3D metallic scaffolds, but microarchitecture does not seem as crucial as expected and anchoring seems limited to the first millimeters of the graft.

Development of the Protection Coat for Metallic Structures Based on the Intercalated Graphite Compounds

2021 ◽  
Vol 1045 ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
Valeriy Kassov ◽  
Elena Berezshnaya ◽  
Nikolay Malyhin ◽  
Yana Antonenko ◽  
Kateryna Zubenko
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Thermal Expansion ◽  
Thermal Expansion Coefficient ◽  
Metallic Structures ◽  
Metal Structures ◽  
Graphite Content ◽  
Intercalated Graphite ◽  
Technological Characteristics ◽  
Preliminary Preparation ◽  
Oxidized Graphite

The practicability of introducing a synthesized graphite compound, intercalated with oxygen, into the protection coat is grounded. The composition and the method of manufacturing a protection coat based on the oxidized graphite, which does not require preliminary preparation of the metal structures surface before welding with an open arc, have been developed. The effect of the oxidized graphite content in the composition of the protection coat on its thermal stability and thermal expansion coefficient is analyzed. The main technological characteristics of the developed protection coat have been investigated and their compliance with the basic criteria for constructing protection coats has been confirmed.

TENSOR LEED ANALYSES FOR THREE CHEMISORBED STRUCTURES FORMED BY IODINE ON A Pt(111) SURFACE

1999 ◽  
Vol 06 (05) ◽  
pp. 871-881 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. SAIDY ◽  
K. A. R. MITCHELL ◽  
S. A. FURMAN ◽  
M. LABAYEN ◽  
D. A. HARRINGTON
Keyword(s):  
Text Structure ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
Surface Phase ◽  
Metallic Structures ◽  
Metal Structures ◽  
Coordination Numbers ◽  
Bond Lengths ◽  
Preliminary Discussion

Three distinct ordered iodine structures on a Pt(111) surface have been studied with LEED crystallography in the coverage range 0.33–0.44 monolayers. These surfaces have translational symmetries of the [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and (3×3) types, and they all involve overlayer adsorption on the basically unreconstructed metal structures. The [Formula: see text] surface phase is indicated to have essentially all I atoms adsorbed at the regular threefold sites of the fcc type (i.e. 3f sites), with no significant involvement by the corresponding sites of the hcp type (i.e. 3h sites). The [Formula: see text] structure has one I on an atop Pt site, and one each at 3f and 3h sites per unit mesh, while the (3×3) surface has one I on an atop site and three on bridge sites per unit mesh. The I corrugation is about 0.5 Å for the [Formula: see text] structure, but is reduced to around 0.1 Å at the (3×3) surface. The surface I–Pt bond lengths from these analyses show a general tendency to follow trends expected with the varying I coordination numbers. A preliminary discussion is given for uncertainties associated with some relaxations indicated in the metallic structures.

Fundamental Experiment of Laminated Templates Electro-Deposition in Manufacturing Metal Part

2008 ◽  
Vol 392-394 ◽  
pp. 189-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Fan ◽  
Zong Jun Tian ◽  
Y.H. Huang ◽  
Z.D. Liu ◽  
X.C. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Thickness Distribution ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Metallic Structures ◽  
Electro Deposition ◽  
Current Configuration ◽  
Deposit Surface ◽  
Complicated Object ◽  
Major Factors

Laminated templates electro-deposition is an original manufacturing technology that is aimed at micro-scale metallic structures fabrication. Based on the discrete piling-up principal and electrodepositing method, it realizes a manufacturing simplification from the traditional machining to the repetition of template-assisted planar deposition in forming a three-dimensional complicated object. The ability to control the deposit surface nouniformity is a key to successful implementation for each planar depositing. Profile geometry and current configuration are alternated in experiment and thought as the major factors influencing deposit surface roughening. The results show that the surface of the deposits obtained by pulse electroforming has better performance in deposit thickness distribution and properties of the deposits. Optimized parameters have been obtained from the preliminary experiments in which 0.3millimeters-thick epoxy templates and 4~6A/dm2 current density were used at 40+ and a bulk of copper parts, section size 30mm×30mm and 7mm thick were produced and tested for their mechanical performance.

scholarly journals Morphological Investigation of Foamed Aluminum Parts Produced by Melt Gas Injection

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Surace ◽  
L. A. C. De Filippis ◽  
E. Niini ◽  
A. D. Ludovico ◽  
J. Orkas
Keyword(s):  
Gas Injection ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Porous Metal ◽  
Casting Process ◽  
Metallic Foams ◽  
New Class ◽  
Metal Materials ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Foaming Technology

Porous metal materials are a new class of materials with low densities, large specific surface, and novel physical and mechanical properties. Their applications are extremely varied: for light weight structural components, for filters and electrodes, and for shock or sound absorbing products. Recently, interesting foaming technology developments have proposed metallic foams as a valid commercial chance; foam manufacturing techniques include solid, liquid, or vapor state methods. The foams presented in this study are produced by Melt Gas Injection (MGI) process starting from melt aluminum. The aim of this investigation is to obtain complex foamed aluminum parts in order to make the MGI more flexible. This new method, called MGI-mould process, makes possible to produce 3D-shaped parts with complicated shape or configuration using some moulds obtained by traditional investment casting process.

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