Dopant Redistribution During Pd2Si Formation Using Rapid Therm1al Annealing

1985 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadeem S. Alvi ◽  
Dim L. Kwong ◽  
Craig G. Hopkins ◽  
Scott G. Baumane
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Rapid Thermal Annealing ◽  
Growth Kinetics ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
Limited Growth ◽  
Diffusion Limited ◽  
Profile Changes ◽  
Dopant Redistribution ◽  
Silicon Interface

ABSTRACTRapid thermal annealing (RTA) has been used to form Pd2Si by reacting thin layers of Pd metal on As implanted Si. An enhanced growth rate for the Pd2Si has been measured which does not obey the diffusion limited growth kinetics as reported for the furnace reacted Pd2Si. The growing Pd2Si results in As redistribution which is sufficient to displace the shallow p-n junction as the silicide/silicon interface approaches the junction position. The As implanted profile changes little in the Pd2Si region, with As accumulating at the leading edge of the silicide/silicon interface.

Diffusion limited growth-up of channels of ICF and its influence on integral flow through the channel

2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 613-621
Author(s):  
V. Frishfelds ◽  
◽  
A. Jakovičs ◽  
B. Nacke ◽  
E. Baake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Limited Growth ◽  
Diffusion Limited ◽  
Flow Through

The Formation of Cu3Si from Cu/a-Si Multilayers

1997 ◽  
Vol 481 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. Chromik ◽  
W. K. Neils ◽  
E. J. Cotts
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Couples ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Limited Growth ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Individual Layer ◽  
Diffusion Limited ◽  
Reaction Constant ◽  
Multilayered Composites ◽  
Reaction Constants ◽  
Kinetics Of

ABSTRACTThe kinetics of the formation of Cu3Si in Cu/a-Si diffusion couples have been investigated by means of differential scanning calorimetry and x-ray diffraction. Multilayered composites of average stoichiometry Cu3Si were prepared by sputter deposition with individual layer thicknesses varying in different samples between 2 and 100 nm. We observed diffusion limited growth of Cu3 Si upon annealing these diffusion couples below 500 K. Reaction constants were measured for a temperature range of 455 to 495 K for thicknesses of growing Cu3Si between 2.6 and 80 nm. The temperature dependence of the reaction constant, k2, was characterized as k2 = k0 exp(− Ea/kbT) with activation energy, Ea = 1.0 eV/atom and pre-factor, k0 = 1.9×10−3 cm2/s.

Stochastic Nature of the Casting Solidification Displayed by Micro-Modelling and Cellular Automata Method

2013 ◽  
Vol 197 ◽  
pp. 101-106
Author(s):  
Andriy A. Burbelko ◽  
Daniel Gurgul ◽  
Wojciech Kapturkiewicz ◽  
Jacek Początek ◽  
Marek Wróbel
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Field ◽  
Thin Wall ◽  
Cooling Curves ◽  
Limited Growth ◽  
Voronoi Polyhedron ◽  
Stochastic Nature ◽  
Shape Prediction ◽  
Diffusion Limited ◽  
Average Shape ◽  
Solidification Processes

Some aspects of stochastic nature of the solidification processes are described. Firstly, the influence of the random grains nucleation on the cooling curves repeatability in the thin wall casting is presented. Secondly, the foundations of an average shape prediction for geometry of ele¬mentary diffusion field (concept of the Averaged Voronoi Polyhedron, AVP) are shown for the mi¬cro-modelling of the diffusion limited growth. Stochastic nature of the grains nucleation and growth is taken into account in the solidification modelling based on the Cellular Automaton technique (CA).

Anadromous Sturgeons: Habitats, Threats, and Management

2007 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
The Yellow River ◽  
Gulf Sturgeon ◽  
Successful Recruitment ◽  
Viable Population ◽  
Size Growth

<em>Abstract.</em>—The Gulf sturgeon <em>Acipenser oxyrinchus desotoi</em> is an anadromous species listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act in 1991. We conducted a 3year tagging study to estimate population size, growth, mortality, and age composition for sturgeon in the Yellow River. Capture probabilities and population size were estimated using Program MARK and a Cormack-Jolly–Seber model. Total mortality of Gulf sturgeon was estimated using a Beverton–Holt mortality equation. Growth rate was determined from annuli on the leading edge of pectoral fin-ray. A total of 522 Gulf sturgeon captures were made, and 399 individual fish were tagged. The population estimates for the Gulf sturgeon over 3 years ranged from 500 to 911 fish. The age structure of the population suggests successful recruitment and a viable population. The total annual mortality estimate for Yellow River Gulf sturgeon was 11.9%. Growth rate for the Yellow River population was comparable to other populations of Gulf sturgeon. The Yellow River Gulf sturgeon population is a dynamic population based upon consistent age-classes as an indicator of successful recruitment, a large population size relative to most rivers where Gulf sturgeon are found, and estimates of mortality below the reported range for the species.

Growth Kinetics of Salmonella Isolates in a Laboratory Medium as Affected by Isolate and Holding Temperature†

1998 ◽  
Vol 61 (8) ◽  
pp. 964-968 ◽  
Author(s):  
THOMAS P. OSCAR
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Growth Kinetics ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Lag Time ◽  
Culture Collection ◽  
Subsequent Growth ◽  
Laboratory Medium ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Holding Temperature

Salmonella isolates were surveyed for their growth kinetics in a laboratory medium for the purpose of identifying isolates suitable for modeling experiments. In addition, the effect of holding stationary phase Salmonella cultures at different temperatures on their subsequent growth kinetics was evaluated for the purpose of developing a protocol to prevent the need for midnight sampling in modeling experiments. In Experiment 1, 16 isolates of Salmonella, 2 from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) and 14 from broiler operations, were surveyed for their growth kinetics in brain heart infusion (BHI) broth at 40°C. Lag time (P = 0.005) and growth rate (P = 0.022) were affected by identity of the isolate. Lag time ranged from 0.73 to 1.38 h, whereas growth rate ranged from 0.78 to 0.94 log10 CFU/ml/h. Overall, isolate S1 (Salmonella infantis from ATCC) was the fastest growing. In Experiment 2, 4 isolates of Salmonella, 1 from ATCC and 3 from broiler operations, were used to determine whether holding temperature influences subsequent growth kinetics. Salmonella isolates were grown to stationary phase at 37°C in BHI and then held for 24 h at 5, 22, or 37°C before dilution and reinitiation of growth in BHI at 37°C. Holding temperature did not alter or interact with identity of the isolate to alter subsequent growth kinetics. From the latter finding, a protocol was devised in which a dual-flask system is used to prevent the need for midnight sampling in modeling experiments. Similar to the results obtained in Experiment 1, identity of the isolate had only minor effects on growth kinetics in Experiment 2 indicating that all isolates examined were suitable for modeling experiments.

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