Improved Tribological Behavior of Boron Implanted Ti-6A1-4V

1997 ◽  
Vol 505 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. P. Baker ◽  
K. C. Walter ◽  
M. Nastasi
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Depth Profile ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Plasma Source ◽  
Wear Coefficient ◽  
Ion Energy ◽  
Depth Profiles ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Plasma Source Ion Implantation ◽  
Boron Implantation

ABSTRACTPrevious research has compared the mechanical properties of Ti6A14V implanted with nitrogen using the plasma source ion immersion process and Ti6A14V implanted with boron using the beamline process [1]. Although the nitrogen implanted Ti6A14V had superior wear resistance it was concluded that the wear resistance of boron implanted Ti6AI4V might be improved to comparable levels if boron were implanted at lower energies to increase the concentration of boron at the surface. Boron implantation of Ti6A14V has been conducted at combinations of 32 and 40 keV to supplement that done previously at 75 keV. Shallower boron depth profiles with higher B-concentrations in the Ti64 surface have been obtained by tailoring the combinations of ion energy and dose. This work used three different ion energy and dose combinations of 4×1017 B-at/cm2 at 40 keV plus 2×1017 B-at/ cm2 at 32 keV, 4×1017 B-at/cm2 at 40 keV, and 4×1017 B-at/cm2 at 32 keV plus 2×1017 B-at/ cm2 at 40 keV. Comparisons are made between Ti6A14V with a shallow implanted boron depth profile, Ti6AI4V with a deeper boron depth profile and nitrogen implanted using a plasma source ion implantation process. It has been previously shown that while boron implanted Ti64 has a ~30% higher surface hardness than nitrogen implanted Ti64, the N-implantation reduced the wear coefficient of Ti64 by 25–120x, while B-implantation reduced the wear coefficient by 6.5x or less. The results show that no significant improvement is made in the wear resistance of boron implanted Ti6A14V by increasing the concentration of boron at the surface from approximately 10%to 43%. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and selected area diffraction (SAD) indicated the formation of crystalline TiB in the implanted surface layer. Shallower depth profiles result in reductions of the Ti6AI4V wear coefficient by 6.5x or less which is the same result obtained earlier with the deeper boron depth profile. Surface hardness of Ti6A14V with shallower boron depth profiles was improved approximately 10%compared to the results previously acquired with deeper boron depth profiles.

scholarly journals Properties of Ion Implanted Ti-6Al-4V Processed using Beamline and PSII Techniques

1996 ◽  
Vol 438 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. C. Walter ◽  
J. M. Williams ◽  
J. S. Woodring ◽  
M. Nastasi ◽  
D. B. Poker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wear Rate ◽  
Dose Level ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Plasma Source ◽  
Wear Testing ◽  
Nitrogen Gas ◽  
Plasma Source Ion Implantation ◽  
Boron Implantation ◽  
Pin On Disk ◽  
Disk Method

AbstractThe surface of Ti-6Al-4V (Ti64) alloy has been modified using beamline implantation of boron. In separate experiments, Ti64 has been implanted with nitrogen using a plasma source ion implantation (PSII) technique utilizing either ammonia (NH 3), nitrogen (N2), or their combinations as the source of nitrogen ions. Beamline experiments have shown the hardness of the N-implanted surface saturates at a dose level of ˜4× 1017 at/cm2 at ˜10 GPa. The present work makes comparisons of hardness and tribological tests of (1) B implantation using beamline techniques, and (2) N implanted samples using ammonia and/or nitrogen gas in a PSII process. The results show that PSII using N2 or NH3 gives similar hardness as N implantation using a beamline process. The presence of H in the Ti alloy surface does not affect the hardness of the implanted surface. Boron implantation increased the surface hardness by as much as 2.5x at the highest dose level. Wear testing by a pin-on-disk method indicated that nitrogen implantation reduced the wear rate by as much as 120x, and boron implantation reduced the wear rate by 6.5x. Increased wear resistance was accompanied by a decreased coefficient of friction.

Mechanical and Microstructural Properties of Boron Implanted Beryllium

1981 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Kant ◽  
A. R. Knudson ◽  
K. Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Depth Distribution ◽  
Pattern Analysis ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Microstructural Properties ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Boron Implantation ◽  
Mechanical And Microstructural Properties

ABSTRACTHigh dose boron implantation into instrument grade 1–400 beryllium has been found to produce a substantial increase of its wear resistance. A comparison of the friction and wear behavior resulting from two shapes of the boron depth distribution is made. The wear resistance provided by a boron layer of constant (flat) concentration was found to be superior to that of a gradually decreasing (graded) profile. Rutherford backscattering was used to determine the boron depth distribution profiles and transmission electron microscopy was used to examine the microstructure. Electron diffraction pattern analysis provides evidence for the formation of beryllium borides.

Application of Coatings for Electromagnetic Gun Technology

1993 ◽  
Vol 316 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Otooni ◽  
A. Graf ◽  
G. Colombo ◽  
J. Conrad ◽  
K. Sridharan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Plasma Source ◽  
Auger Spectroscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Spark Erosion ◽  
Plasma Source Ion Implantation ◽  
Extensive Degradation

ABSTRACTCopper and aluminum are extensively used in various parts of the Electromagnetic (EM) Gun systems. Copper is used in the design of the railgun because it has favorable electrical and thermal properties. Aluminum is used for armature and sabot fabrication because of it is light weight and has favorable thermal properties. Extensive degradation of the copper rail and aluminum armature occurs owing to the severe heating and thermomechanical deformation of these components during operation of the EM gun. In this research effort, several modification techniques were used to protect the rail and armature materials from these degradation processes. These include application of Plasma Source Ion Implantation (PSII) and Ion Beam Enhanced Deposition (IBED) . By using these techniques, the copper rails and aluminum armatures were coated with TiN and TaN. Several characterization techniques were used to assess the chemical,mechanical and other properties of these modified surfaces. Optical Microscopy, Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopy, and Scanning Auger Spectroscopy techniques were also used. Microhardness measurements have also been performed. From the results of this preliminary investigation, it has been concluded that the surface properties of the coated rail and armature materials have been improved and the extent of wear and spark erosion from these surfaces has been reduced.

Production of Diamond-Like Carbon Films by Plasma Source Ion Implantation

1992 ◽  
Vol 270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Xie ◽  
Frank J. Worzala ◽  
John R. Conrad ◽  
Richard A. Dodd
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Ion Implantation ◽  
Plasma Source ◽  
Carbon Films ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Diamond Like Carbon ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Plasma Source Ion Implantation

ABSTRACTIn addition to being successfully used for ion implantation, the plasma source ion implantation (PSII) technique has been used to produce diamond-like carbon films. Homogeneous, adherent films were obtained on silicon and stainless steel substrates under 2 kV pulse bias voltages and 50 mtorr methane plasma pressure. Chemical composition analysis was made using Auger electron microscopy. Fretting wear tests and scratch tests were performed to study the tribological and adherent properties. Cross sectional TEM samples were prepared. The interfacial microstrucutres and chemical compositions were analyzed using transmission electron microscopy and scanning transmission electron microscopy.

scholarly journals First Results from the Los Alamos Plasma Source Ion Implantation Experiment

1993 ◽  
Vol 316 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Rej ◽  
J. R. Conrad ◽  
R. J. Faehl ◽  
R. J. Gribble ◽  
I. Henins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ion Implantation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Plasma Source ◽  
Plasma Electron ◽  
Los Alamos ◽  
Particle In Cell ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Plasma Source Ion Implantation ◽  
First Results

ABSTRACTA new facility is operational at Los Alamos to examine plasma source ion implantation on a large scale. Large workpieces can be treated in a 1.5-m-diameter, 4.6-m-Jong plasma vacuum chamber. Primary emphasis is directed towards improving tribological properties of metal surfaces. First experiments have been performed at 40 kV with nitrogen plasmas. Both coupons and manufactured components, with surface areas up to 4 m2, have been processed. Composition and surface hardness of implanted materials are evaluated. Implant conformality and dose uniformity into practical geometries are estimated with multidimensional particle-in-cell computations of plasma electron and ion dynamics, and Monte Carlo simulations of ion transport in solids.

Carbon Film Deposition On Silicon Using Low Energy Ion Beams

1991 ◽  
Vol 223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qin Fuguang ◽  
Yao Zhenyu ◽  
Ren Zhizhang ◽  
S.-T. Lee ◽  
I. Bello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Carbon Film ◽  
Carbon Films ◽  
Film Deposition ◽  
Ion Energy ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Post Implantation ◽  
Beam Deposition

ABSTRACTDirect ion beam deposition of carbon films on silicon in the ion energy range of 15–500eV and temperature range of 25–800°C has been studied using mass selected C+ ions under ultrahigh vacuum. The films were characterized with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy and diffraction analysis. Films deposited at room temperature consist mainly of amorphous carbon. Deposition at a higher temperature, or post-implantation annealing leads to formation of microcrystalline graphite. A deposition temperature above 800°C favors the formation of microcrystalline graphite with a preferred orientation in the (0001) direction. No evidence of diamond formation was observed in these films.

Recent results in plasma source ion implantation

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN CONRAD ◽  
M. ABUZRIBA ◽  
J. BLANCHARD ◽  
D. CHAPEK ◽  
A. CHEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ion Implantation ◽  
Plasma Source ◽  
Plasma Source Ion Implantation

DILLIDUR 450V

Alloy Digest ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 60 (12) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Hot Working ◽  
Resistant Steel ◽  
Bend Strength

Abstract Dillidur 450V is a water hardened wear-resistant steel with surface hardness at room temperature of 420-480 HB. The steel is easy to weld and bend. Hot working is not recommended. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, tensile properties, and bend strength as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on wear resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SA-638. Producer or source: Dillinger Hütte GTS.

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