Benefits of Rapid Solidification Processing of Modified LaNi5 Alloys by High Pressure Gas Atomization for Battery Applications

1997 ◽  
Vol 496 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. E. Anderson ◽  
V. K. Pecharsky ◽  
J. Ting ◽  
C. Witham ◽  
R. C. Bowman
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Rapid Solidification ◽  
Powder Processing ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Gas Atomization ◽  
Industrial Practice ◽  
Phase Cycling ◽  
Gas Cycling ◽  
Annealing Experiments

ABSTRACTA high pressure gas atomization approach to rapid solidification has been employed to investigate simplified processing of Sn modified LaNi5 powders that can be used for advanced Ni/metal hydride (Ni/MH) batteries. The current industrial practice involves casting large ingots followed by annealing and grinding and utilizes a complex and costly alloy design. This investigation is an attempt to produce powders for battery cathode fabrication that can be used in an as-atomized condition without annealing or grinding. Both Ar and He atomization gas were tried to investigate rapid solidification effects. Sn alloy additions were tested to promote subambient pressure absorption/desorption of hydrogen at ambient temperature. The resulting fine, spherical powders were subject to microstructural analysis, hydrogen gas cycling, and annealing experiments to evaluate suitability for Ni/MH battery applications. The results demonstrate that a brief anneal is required to homogenize the as-solidified microstructure of both Ar and He atomized powders and to achieve a suitable hydrogen absorption behavior. The Sn addition also appears to suppress cracking during hydrogen gas phase cycling in particles smaller than about 25μm. These results suggest that direct powder processing of a LaNi5−xSnx alloy has potential application in rechargeable Ni/MH batteries.

Gas Atomization Processing of LaNi5-x.Mm, Modified with Silicon and Tin

1998 ◽  
Vol 513 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ting ◽  
V. K. Pecharsky ◽  
I. E. Anderson ◽  
C. Witham ◽  
R. C. Bowman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
Rapid Solidification ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Gas Atomization ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Multicomponent Alloys ◽  
Cell Structures ◽  
Short Annealing

ABSTRACTA high pressure gas atomization (HPGA) process has been employed to study microsegregation in LaNi4.75 Sn0.25 and LaNi4.6Si0.4 alloy powders to serve as a basis for further investigations of low cost production of multicomponent alloys in combination with mishmetal (Mm). This investigation is an attempt to produce high quality powders for battery cathode fabrication that can be used in an as-atomized condition without prolong annealing, hydridingdehydriding, and grinding. Argon atomizing gas was used in the HPGA process of the LaNi4.75Sn0.25 and LaNi4.6Si0.4 alloys to investigate rapid solidification effects on microsegregation. Short annealing treatments of 5 minutes at 900°C were able to homogenize both alloy compositions, eliminating solidification micro-segregation along the grain boundaries phases. The rapid homogenization can be attributed primarily to the refined cell structures in gas-atomized particles that provide short diffusion pathways for the dissolving elements.

Powder processing of ductile materials for high pressure studies: application to intermetallic alloys

1997 ◽  
Vol 499 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Otto ◽  
G. Frommeyer ◽  
J. K. Vassiliou
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Equation Of State ◽  
Mechanical Alloying ◽  
Powder Processing ◽  
Gas Atomization ◽  
Intermetallic Alloys ◽  
Pressure Work ◽  
Ductile Materials ◽  
High Pressure Studies ◽  
Good Agreement

ABSTRACTDuctile materials are difficult to powderize for use in high pressure work. The potential of different techniques (gas-atomization, mechanical alloying, ball milling and subsequent annealing) for preparing suitable powders of some aluminides is investigated. Compression of Ti46Al54 and NiAl prepared by these methods yields equation of state parameters in good agreement with determinations by other methods.

scholarly journals Proposal of Design Method Enabling Cr-Mo Steels to be Used in High-Pressure Hydrogen Gas Environment

Hyomen Kagaku ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 562-567
Author(s):  
Hisao MATSUNAGA ◽  
Junichiro YAMABE ◽  
Saburo MATSUOKA
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Gas Environment ◽  
Pressure Hydrogen

Crack Growth Analysis of High-Pressure Equipment for Hydrogen Storage

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Y. Li ◽  
C. L. Zhou ◽  
Y. Z. Zhao ◽  
Z. L. Hua ◽  
L. Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Hydrogen Storage ◽  
Crack Growth ◽  
Growth Analysis ◽  
Model Material ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Cycle Life ◽  
Cold Worked ◽  
Type 304 ◽  
Pressure Hydrogen

Crack growth analysis (CGA) was applied to estimate the cycle life of the high-pressure hydrogen equipment constructed by the practical materials of 4340 (two heats), 4137, 4130X, A286, type 316 (solution-annealed (SA) and cold-worked (CW)), and type 304 (SA and CW) in 45, 85 and 105 MPa hydrogen and air. The wall thickness was calculated following five regulations of the High Pressure Gas Safety Institute of Japan (KHK) designated equipment rule, KHKS 0220, TSG R0002, JB4732, and ASME Sec. VIII, Div. 3. We also applied CGA for four typical model materials to discuss the effect of ultimate tensile strength (UTS), pressure and hydrogen sensitivity on the cycle life of the high-pressure hydrogen equipment. Leak before burst (LBB) was confirmed in all practical materials in hydrogen and air. The minimum KIC required for LBB of the model material with UTS of even 1500 MPa was 170 MPa·m0.5 in 105 MPa. Cycle life qualified 103 cycles for all practical materials in air. In 105 MPa hydrogen, the cycle life by KIH was much shorter than that in air for two heats of 4340 and 4137 sensitive to hydrogen gas embrittlement (HGE). The cycle life of type 304 (SA) sensitive to HGE was almost above 104 cycles in hydrogen, while the cycle life of type 316 (SA and CW) was not affected by hydrogen and that of A286 in hydrogen was near to that in air. It was discussed that the cycle life increased with decreasing pressure or UTS in hydrogen. This behavior was due to that KIH increased or fatigue crack growth (FCG) decreased with decreasing pressure or UTS. The cycle life data of the model materials under the conditions of the pressure, UTS, KIH, FCG and regulations in both hydrogen and air were proposed quantitatively for materials selection for high-pressure hydrogen storage.

Development of New Material Testing Apparatus in 230 MPa Hydrogen and Evaluation of Hydrogen Gas Embrittlement of Metals

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seiji Fukuyama ◽  
Masaaki Imade ◽  
Takashi Iijima ◽  
Kiyoshi Yokogawa
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Axial Load ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Stage Ii ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
External Loading ◽  
Materials Testing ◽  
Pressure Balance ◽  
Testing Apparatus

A new materials testing apparatus using an external loading system in 230 MPa hydrogen at room temperature was developed. The apparatus consisted of a pressure vessel with a loading device for the slow strain rate technique (SSRT). The elimination of the axial load due to high pressure acting on the pull rod was achieved by the pressure balance method. The apparatus was designed to measure the actual load on the specimen with an external load cell irrespective of the axial load caused by high pressure and friction at the sliding seals. The hydrogen gas embrittlement (HGE) of austenitic stainless steels, SUS304, SUS316, SUS316LN, SUS316L and SUS310S of the Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS), and an iron-based superalloy, SUH660 JIS, and a nickel-based superalloy, Hastelloy C22, was evaluated by conducting SSRT tests in 210 MPa hydrogen using the apparatus at room temperature. The following was observed: SUS304, moderate HGE in stage II; SUS316, moderate HGE in stage III; SUS316LN, light HGE in stage III; SUS316L, light HGE in FS; SUS310S, undetectable HGE; SUH660, light HGE in stage III; and Hastelloy C22, heavy HGE in stage II. The HGE of the materials was also discussed.

Innovative Design of Lightweight on Board Hydrogen Storage Tank

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samir N. Shoukry ◽  
Gergis W. William ◽  
Jacky C. Prucz ◽  
Thomas H. Evans
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Stress Reduction ◽  
Factor Of Safety ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Innovative Design ◽  
Main Emphasis ◽  
Current Systems

The hydrogen economy envisioned in the future requires safe and efficient means of storing hydrogen fuel for either use onboard vehicles, delivery on mobile transportation systems or high-volume storage in stationary systems. The main emphasis of this work is placed on the high -pressure storing of gaseous hydrogen on-board vehicles. As a result of its very low density, hydrogen gas has to be stored under very high pressure, ranging from 350 to 700 bars for current systems, in order to achieve practical levels of energy density in terms of the amount of energy that can be stored in a tank of a given volume. This paper presents 3D finite element analysis performed for a composite cylindrical tank made of 6061-aluminum liner overwrapped with carbon fibers subjected to a burst internal pressure of 1610 bars. As the service pressure expected in these tanks is 700 bars, a factor of safety of 2.3 is kept the same for all designs. The results indicated that a stress reduction could be achieved by a geometry change only, which could increase the amount of pressure sustained inside the vessel and ultimately increase the amount of hydrogen stored per volume. Such reductions in the stresses will decrease the thickness dimension required to achieve a particular factor of safety in a direct comparison to a cylindrical design.

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