Step-Induced Magnetic Defects in Fe/Cr Systems

1997 ◽  
Vol 475 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Freyss ◽  
D. Stoeffler ◽  
H. Dreysse
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Coupling ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Magnetic Order ◽  
Magnetic Moments ◽  
Topological Defects ◽  
The Other ◽  
Coupling Mechanism ◽  
Atomic Step ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Multilayered Systems

ABSTRACTWe present the results of calculations of the magnetic order in Fe/Cr systems with a mono-atomic step at the interface. The study of such a systems is of particular interest since it is believed that topological defects play an essential role in the exchange coupling mechanism in Fe/Cr multilayered systems. We show that assuming only collinear magnetism, an interfacial step creates a very extended magnetic defect in the Cr layer. On the other hand, when the local magnetic moments are allowed to rotate, the magnetic defect is very localized near the step and the presence of the step induces a non-collinear coupling between the Fe layers in Fe/Cr superlattices.

scholarly journals Graphene-mediated ferromagnetic coupling in the nickel nano-islands/graphene hybrid

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (30) ◽  
pp. eabg7054
Author(s):  
Min Gao ◽  
Xiaowen Han ◽  
Wenjing Liu ◽  
Ziao Tian ◽  
Yongfeng Mei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Coupling ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Magnetic Circular Dichroism ◽  
Magnetic Moments ◽  
Hysteresis Loops ◽  
Density Functional Theory Calculations ◽  
Electronic Systems ◽  
Coupling Mechanism ◽  
Magnetic Structures ◽  
Spintronic Devices

Nanoscale magnetic structures are fundamental to the design and fabrication of spintronic devices and have exhibited tremendous potential superior to the conventional semiconductor devices. However, most of the magnetic moments in nanostructures are unstable due to size effect, and the possible solution based on exchange coupling between nanomagnetism is still not clear. Here, graphene-mediated exchange coupling between nanomagnets is demonstrated by depositing discrete superparamagnetic Ni nano-islands on single-crystal graphene. The heterostructure exhibits ideal two-dimensional (2D) ferromagnetism with clear hysteresis loops and Curie temperature up to 80 K. The intrinsic ferromagnetism in graphene and antiferromagnetic exchange coupling between graphene and Ni nano-islands are revealed by x-ray magnetic circular dichroism and density functional theory calculations. The artificial 2D ferromagnets constitute a platform to study the coupling mechanism between complex correlated electronic systems and magnetism on the nanoscale, and the results and concept provide insights into the realization of spin manipulation in quantum computing.

Money, Debt and War

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 73-84
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Gilles Deleuze ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Felix Guattari ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Political Relationship ◽  
Choice Decision ◽  
The Relationship

The article analyzes how the flows of power that derive from war determine the relationship between capital and money, which is capital’s most important institution. As soon as the dollar was no longer convertible into gold, money became detached from its economic and commercial foundations and from its essential role in labor. Marx suggested two different views of money - one in Das Kapital and another in the Grundrisse. The paper elaborates the latter to argue that money assumes a directly political function.Michel Foucault and Gilles Deleuze provide the concepts of money on which the paper relies. Foucault finds the origin of money in debt, war and the state; Deleuze and Félix Guattari maintain that money is debt that derives from a new political relationship between debtor and creditor. Money as debt is functional only due to a flux of power and a flux of war. Money is the continuation of civil war by other, more political means; and it inscribes “the truth” into the play of power. Money as credit is a sign of power because it represents the possibility of choice, decision and command, that is to say the power of destruction or creation. Money as a means of payment, on the other hand, is a sign of powerlessness. Following Deleuze, the paper affirms that the economic functions of money (indication of value, store of value, unit of account, medium of exchange) depend on the dynamics of some other power. If money is not supported by a flow of power that is in essence a flow of war, it collapses, and the economic functions of indicating value and being the medium of exchange collapse with it.

Cervical physiology in pregnancy and labour

1999 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 135-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Sohan ◽  
Rebecca Wiggins ◽  
Peter Soothill
Keyword(s):  
Uterine Cervix ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
The Other ◽  
Birth Canal ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Degree Of Maturity ◽  
Physiology In Pregnancy ◽  
In Pregnancy

The uterine cervix is a remarkable structure, which plays an essential role in pregnancy. During the development of the conceptus within the uterus, the cervix usually remains firmly closed to ensure that the developing fetus attains an appropriate degree of maturity to permit extra-uterine survival. On the other hand, it prepares for labour and birth, by undergoing a process of effacement, whereby the substance of the cervix shortens and thins out. During labour, it must be stretched and dilated to a sufficient diameter, usually about 10cm at term, to allow the successful passage of the fetus through the birth canal.

scholarly journals The supposed intervention of steam in hydrocarbon combustion

1934 ◽  
Vol 144 (852) ◽  
pp. 257-266
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Water Vapour ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hydrocarbon Combustion ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Oxidation Stage ◽  
Action Taking

An important issue in connection with the theory of hydrocarbon combustion, needing further discussion, is whether or not the presence of water vapour plays any essential role in the process. H. E. Armstrong, who originated the hydroxylation theory in 1874, has always insisted that it does, its action (taking the first oxidation stage of methane as a typical example) being supposed as follows:— CH 4 +HOH+O 2 =CH 3 OH+HO.OH, the hydrogen peroxide so formed participation in the oxidation and regenerating the steam thus:— CH 4 +HO.OH,=CH 3 OH+H.OH. On the other hand, Bone and his co-workers, while maintaining that the oxidation involves successive “hydroxylation” stages, regard the action of the oxygen (whether molecular or atomic) as direct, thus:— CH 4 +O:O+CH 4 =2CH 3 OH, etc., or possibly, in flames, CH 4 +O=CH 3 OH, etc.

Relevansi Nilai Barang Terhadap Tindak Pidana Pencurian (Studi Kasus Pengadilan Negeri Makassar Tahun 2018)

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-102
Author(s):  
Muhammad Djaelani Prasetya
Keyword(s):  
Essential Role ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Public Prosecutor ◽  
Specific Situation ◽  
High Burden ◽  
The Public ◽  
Other Hand

This research aims to provide prescriptions on what is the relevance of the Value of Goods toward Criminal Act of Theft and what should be done. This research is a Normative Research, with the approach was Conceptual, Statute and Case approach. Legal material itself was legislation, court rulings, legal journals, theses, and other official legal publications. The data then were analyzed qualitatively. The result of the researcher indicate that the Value of Goods as the causa prima has relevance to criminal act of theft. Misdriff or not, using regular or quick criminal procedure, both depend on the Value of Goods and the specific situation. On the other hand, the accusation of the public prosecutor has an essential role, especially in determining the loss, the specification of evidence, and the application of the Article which has implications for the consideration of judges' decisions. Finally, the high burden of cases and other problems can be prevented by strengthening the existence of misdriff through the adjustment or reconstruction of the Value of Goods until reconstruction of the Criminal Act of Theft.

scholarly journals Demystifying the Other

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-68
Author(s):  
Hamid B. Abdulsalm
Keyword(s):  
Essential Role ◽  
Thomas Hardy ◽  
Real Life ◽  
The Other ◽  
War Poetry ◽  
Crucial Element ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
War Propaganda

This paper harnesses the term Other, though not in a strictly postcolonial sense, to uncover an essential role war poetry played to reveal a hidden side often overshadowed by war propaganda. The two poems, Hardy’s “The Man He Killed” and Owen’s “Strange Meeting,” serve as effective counter war propaganda tools that demystify a crucial element of war ideology that the enemy is an Other: The enemy is unlike me. Wilfred, an outspoken poet of the evils of war, and Thomas Hardy, who penned in some of his poems his abhorrence to war, show that the Other which stands for their enemies could have been a friend had the spatiotemporal factors been different. Both poets enact an imaginary meeting between the speakers and their enemies. Moreover, the paper traces the various poetic techniques that are employed by those poets to achieve this goal. Whereas Owen, for instance, uses pararhyme to depict the fallacy of war claims by drawing attention to the unlikelihood of the meeting in real life, Hardy resorts to punctuation marks to probe the sense of guilt his speaker endures as a result of killing his “enemy.” The form of the two poems contributes to the sense that war propaganda fails to sustain itself in legitimizing the act of killing and thus providing a shield against the feeling of remorse. Throughout the two poems, the Other is no longer a stranger nor is an enemy in the first place. Owen finds that his enemy is a poet who has had similar dreams and ambitions. Thomas Hardy, on the Other hand, reflects how he could have offered the man he killed in battle a drink or even lent him money had they met elsewhere.

A study of cometary eruptions through OH radio-lines

1999 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 249-254
Author(s):  
A.M. Silva ◽  
R.D. Miró
Keyword(s):  
Short Duration ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
The Other ◽  
Initial Mass ◽  
Radio Lines ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Sudden Rise

AbstractWe have developed a model for theH2OandOHevolution in a comet outburst, assuming that together with the gas, a distribution of icy grains is ejected. With an initial mass of icy grains of 108kg released, theH2OandOHproductions are increased up to a factor two, and the growth curves change drastically in the first two days. The model is applied to eruptions detected in theOHradio monitorings and fits well with the slow variations in the flux. On the other hand, several events of short duration appear, consisting of a sudden rise ofOHflux, followed by a sudden decay on the second day. These apparent short bursts are frequently found as precursors of a more durable eruption. We suggest that both of them are part of a unique eruption, and that the sudden decay is due to collisions that de-excite theOHmaser, when it reaches the Cometopause region located at 1.35 × 105kmfrom the nucleus.

Closing the GAP—A 5Å Scanning Microscope

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 6-7
Author(s):  
A. V. Crewe
Keyword(s):  
Normal Form ◽  
The Other ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Scanning Microscope ◽  
Conventional Microscope ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Closing The Gap ◽  
Thermal Sources ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Transmission Microscope

We have become accustomed to differentiating between the scanning microscope and the conventional transmission microscope according to the resolving power which the two instruments offer. The conventional microscope is capable of a point resolution of a few angstroms and line resolutions of periodic objects of about 1Å. On the other hand, the scanning microscope, in its normal form, is not ordinarily capable of a point resolution better than 100Å. Upon examining reasons for the 100Å limitation, it becomes clear that this is based more on tradition than reason, and in particular, it is a condition imposed upon the microscope by adherence to thermal sources of electrons.

Life Beyond 1MeV

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 30-33
Author(s):  
K.H. Westmacott
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Past Experience ◽  
The Other ◽  
Good Case ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The U.S

Life beyond 1MeV – like life after 40 – is not too different unless one takes advantage of past experience and is receptive to new opportunities. At first glance, the returns on performing electron microscopy at voltages greater than 1MeV diminish rather rapidly as the curves which describe the well-known advantages of HVEM often tend towards saturation. However, in a country with a significant HVEM capability, a good case can be made for investing in instruments with a range of maximum accelerating voltages. In this regard, the 1.5MeV KRATOS HVEM being installed in Berkeley will complement the other 650KeV, 1MeV, and 1.2MeV instruments currently operating in the U.S. One other consideration suggests that 1.5MeV is an optimum voltage machine – Its additional advantages may be purchased for not much more than a 1MeV instrument. On the other hand, the 3MeV HVEM's which seem to be operated at 2MeV maximum, are much more expensive.

Can the Academic Self-Concept be Positive and Realistic?

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reimer Kornmann
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Opposite Effect ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
High Ability ◽  
Self Image ◽  
Other Hand

Summary: My comment is basically restricted to the situation in which less-able students find themselves and refers only to literature in German. From this point of view I am basically able to confirm Marsh's results. It must, however, be said that with less-able pupils the opposite effect can be found: Levels of self-esteem in these pupils are raised, at least temporarily, by separate instruction, academic performance however drops; combined instruction, on the other hand, leads to improved academic performance, while levels of self-esteem drop. Apparently, the positive self-image of less-able pupils who receive separate instruction does not bring about the potential enhancement of academic performance one might expect from high-ability pupils receiving separate instruction. To resolve the dilemma, it is proposed that individual progress in learning be accentuated, and that comparisons with others be dispensed with. This fosters a self-image that can in equal measure be realistic and optimistic.

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