scholarly journals Waste Vitrification: Prediction of Acceptable Compositions in a Lime-Soda-Silica Glass-Forming System

1996 ◽  
Vol 465 ◽  
Author(s):  
T M. Gilliam ◽  
T. M. Jantzen
Keyword(s):  
Silica Glass ◽  
Waste Streams ◽  
Glass Forming ◽  
Waste Vitrification ◽  
Glass Formulation ◽  
Mixed Waste ◽  
Glass Compositions

ABSTRACTA model is presented based upon calculated bridging oxygens which allows the prediction of the region of acceptable glass compositions for a lime-soda-silica glass-forming system containing mixed waste. The model can be used to guide glass formulation studies (e.g., treatability studies) or assess the applicability of vitrification to candidate waste streams.

scholarly journals High Waste Loading Glass Formulations for Hanford High-Aluminum High-Level Waste Streams

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert A. Kruger
Keyword(s):  
Previous Experience ◽  
High Level Waste ◽  
Waste Streams ◽  
Testing Program ◽  
Glass Formulation ◽  
Waste Loading ◽  
Production Requirement ◽  
High Level ◽  
Glass Compositions ◽  
High Aluminum

The current estimates and glass formulation efforts have been conservative in terms of achievable waste loadings. These formulations have been specified to ensure that the glasses are homogenous, contain essentially no crystalline phases, are processable in joule-heated, ceramic-lined melters and meet WTP Contract terms. The WTP’s overall mission will require the immobilization of tank waste compositions that are dominated by mixtures of aluminum (Al), chromium (Cr), bismuth (Bi), iron (Fe), phosphorous (P), zirconium (Zr), and sulfur (S) compounds as waste-limiting components. Glass compositions for these waste mixtures have been developed based upon previous experience and current glass property models. Recently, DOE has initiated a testing program to develop and characterize HLW glasses with higher waste loadings. Results of this work have demonstrated the feasibility of increases in waste loading from about 25 wt% to 33–50 wt% (based on oxide loading) in the glass depending on the waste stream. It is expected that these higher waste loading glasses will reduce the HLW canister production requirement by about 25% or more.

Glass Development for Vitrification of Wet Intermediate Level Waste (WILW) from Decommissionning of the Hinkley Point ‘A’ Site

2008 ◽  
Vol 1124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A Bingham ◽  
Neil C Hyatt ◽  
Russell J Hand ◽  
Christopher R Wilding
Keyword(s):  
Intermediate Level ◽  
Science Laboratory ◽  
Waste Streams ◽  
Power Station ◽  
Glass Forming ◽  
Early Results ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Waste Loading ◽  
A Site ◽  
Glass Compositions

AbstractThe Immobilisation Science Laboratory, University of Sheffield, is working with Magnox South Ltd to develop a range of glass formulations that are suitable for vitrification of the Wet Intermediate Level Waste (WILW) envelope arising from decommissioning of the Hinkley Point ‘A’ (HPA) power station. Four waste mixtures or permutations are under consideration for volume reduction and immobilisation by vitrification. The inorganic fractions of several of the wastes are suitable for vitrification as they largely consist of SiO2, MgO, Fe2O3, Na2O, Al2O3 and CaO. However, difficulties may arise from the high organic and sulphurous contents of certain waste streams, particularly spent ion exchange (IEX) resins. IEX resin wastes may be the key factor in limiting waste loading, and possible thermal pretreatments of IEX resin to decrease C and S contents prior to vitrification have been investigated. Our results suggest that lowtemperature (90 °C) pretreatment is more favourable than hightemperature (250, 450, 1000 °C) pretreatment. A thorough desktop study has provided initial candidate glass compositions which have been downselected on the basis of glass forming ability, melting temperature, viscosity, liquidus temperature, chemical durability and potential sulphate capacity. Early results for two of the candidate glass formulations indicate that formation of an amorphous product with at least 35 wt % (dry waste) loading is achievable for HPA IEX resin wastes.

scholarly journals Liquidus temperature measurements for modeling oxide glass systems relevant to nuclear waste vitrification

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 3346-3357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan B. Hanni ◽  
Eric Pressly ◽  
Jarrod V. Crum ◽  
Kevin B.C. Minister ◽  
Diana Tran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Waste ◽  
Primary Phase ◽  
Oxide Glass ◽  
Glass Forming ◽  
Waste Vitrification ◽  
Phase Fields ◽  
Solution Models ◽  
Phase Data ◽  
Associate Species ◽  
Glass Compositions

Liquidus temperatures (TL) were measured, and primary phases were determined for 50 (from an initial test matrix of 76) compositions within the Al2O3–B2O3–CaO–Na2O–SiO2 glass-forming system and its constituent ternary subsystems. Strong linear correlations have been found between composition and TL for melts within the same primary phase fields. The TL and primary phase data are being used to develop and refine a modified associate species model (ASM). The impacts of Fe2O3, Li2O, NiO, ZrO2, Cr2O3, ZnO, and MnO additions on the TL of two baseline glass compositions are reported. These data are intended as benchmarks for further expansion of the ASM or other silicate melt solution models of nuclear waste glasses.

Formation of Nanofibers from Pure and Mixed Waste Streams Using Electrospinning

2015 ◽  
Vol 54 (37) ◽  
pp. 9057-9063 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole E. Zander ◽  
Daniel Sweetser ◽  
Daniel P. Cole ◽  
Margaret Gillan
Keyword(s):  
Waste Streams ◽  
Mixed Waste

Addressing Information Gaps in Household Waste Sorting Using a Mobile Application

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelvin Østergaard Pagels ◽  
Mikkel Bayard Rasmussen ◽  
Devarajan Ramanujan
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Application ◽  
Waste Stream ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Preliminary Survey ◽  
Waste Streams ◽  
Detailed Survey ◽  
Mixed Waste ◽  
Information Gaps

Abstract The Danish government has outlined a target of recycling 50% of total household waste by the year 2022. Improving household waste sorting is an important consideration towards achieving this goal. This paper focuses on understanding existing waste sorting practices among Danish residents and exploring whether a mobile application can help address any existing information gaps. We conducted a preliminary survey (N = 180) that assessed preference for sorting strategies and the types of waste sorted. Following this a more detailed survey was conducted (N = 357) that assessed residents’ motivation to sort household waste, knowledge of local sorting requirements, information gaps that prevent effective sorting, and need for specific features in a mobile application. Results show over one-third of respondents felt they needed additional waste sorting information. Respondents had fewer inaccuracies disposing items within a single waste stream (e.g., electronics waste) compared to items with mixed waste streams (e.g., milk carton with a plastic cap). Based on these findings we propose the design of a mobile application that can potentially improve household waste sorting.

Initial Investigation Into the Vitrification of High Molybdenum Solids in Borosilicate Glass

2009 ◽  
Vol 1193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara F. Dunnett ◽  
Nick R. Gribble ◽  
Andrew D. Riley ◽  
Carl J. Steele
Keyword(s):  
Phase Separation ◽  
Borosilicate Glass ◽  
Spent Nuclear Fuel ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Waste Storage ◽  
Waste Vitrification ◽  
Durability Testing ◽  
Glass Formulation ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractSellafield Ltd operates a Waste Vitrification Plant (WVP) to immobilise the arisings from the reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel. Washout of solids from the base of waste storage tanks in preparation for decommissioning is likely to produce feeds enriched in molybdenum to the WVP. Vitrification of such feeds in the borosilicate glass formulation currently used by the WVP for vitrification of reprocessing waste has been investigated to determine the maximum achievable loading of MoO3.The vitrification of molybdenum in the absence and presence of reprocessing waste was studied. A number of glasses were manufactured in the laboratory containing various waste loadings. The resultant glasses were examined both visually and under the scanning electron microscope for the presence of any phase separation. Additional aluminium was added to the glasses manufactured in the absence of reprocessing waste to improve the durability of the glass. In borosilicate glass containing 3.5 wt% Al2O3 the onset of a molybdenum phase separation was observed in glasses containing 2.6 wt% MoO3. In the presence of Magnox reprocessing waste, phase separation was observed when the product contained >3.8 wt% MoO3. Soxhlet durability testing of a selection of the glasses manufactured was carried out. The Soxhlet durability of glasses in the absence of phase separation was good.

Nepheline Crystallization in High-Alumina High-Level Waste Glass

2015 ◽  
Vol 1744 ◽  
pp. 85-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Marcial ◽  
John McCloy ◽  
Owen Neill
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Waste ◽  
Waste Glass ◽  
High Alumina ◽  
High Level Waste ◽  
Interfacial Conditions ◽  
Waste Vitrification ◽  
Cooling Schedules ◽  
High Level Nuclear Waste ◽  
High Level ◽  
Glass Compositions

ABSTRACTThe understanding of the crystallization of aluminosilicate phases in nuclear waste glasses is a major challenge for nuclear waste vitrification. Robust studies on the compositional dependence of nepheline formation have focused on large compositional spaces with hundreds of glass compositions. However, there are clear benefits to obtaining complete descriptions of the conditions under which crystallization occurs for specific glasses, adding to the understanding of nucleation and growth kinetics and interfacial conditions. The focus of this work was the investigation of the microstructure and composition of one simulant high-level nuclear waste glass crystallized under isothermal and continuous cooling schedules. It was observed that conditions of low undercooling, nepheline was the most abundant aluminosilicate phase. Further undercooling led to the formation of additional phases such as calcium phosphate. Nepheline composition was independent of thermal history.

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