scholarly journals Comparison of the Corrosion Behavior of Tank 51 Sludge-Based Glass and a Nonradioactive Homologue Glass

1996 ◽  
Vol 465 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Nuñez ◽  
W. L. Ebert ◽  
S. F. Wolf ◽  
J. K. Bates
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
Lower Solution ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Consistency Test ◽  
Glass Corrosion ◽  
Dissolution Tests ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Solution Volume

ABSTRACTWe are characterizing the corrosion behavior of the radioactive glass that was made with sludge from Tank 51 at the Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) and a nonradioactive glass having the same composition, except for the absence of radionuclides. Static dissolution tests are being conducted in a tuff groundwater solution at glass surface area/solution volume ratios (S/V) of 2000 and 20,000 m−1. These tests are being conducted to assess the relationship between the behavior of this glass in a 7-day Product Consistency Test and in long-term tests, to assess the effects of radionuclides on the glass corrosion behavior, and to measure the disposition of radionuclides that are released as the radioactive glass corrodes. The radioactive glass reacts slower than the nonradioactive glass through the longest test durations completed to date, which are 140 days for tests at 2000 m−1 and about 400 days for tests at 20,000 m−1. This is probably because radiolysis results in lower solution pH values being maintained in tests with the radioactive glass. Rate-affecting alteration phases that had formed within one year in tests with other glasses having compositions similar to the Tank 51 glass have not yet formed in tests with either glass.

scholarly journals FGF21 Levels in Pheochromocytoma/Functional Paraganglioma

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judita Klímová ◽  
Tomáš Zelinka ◽  
Ján Rosa ◽  
Branislav Štrauch ◽  
Denisa Haluzíková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 ◽  
Tumor Removal ◽  
Anthropometric Indices ◽  
Secondary Diabetes ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Biochemical Measurements ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Relationship

Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a hepatokine with beneficial effects on metabolism. Our aim was to evaluate the relationship between the serum FGF21, and energy and glucose metabolism in 40 patients with pheochromocytoma/functional paraganglioma (PPGL), in comparison with 21 obese patients and 26 lean healthy controls. 27 patients with PPGL were examined one year after tumor removal. Basic anthropometric and biochemical measurements were done. Energy metabolism was measured by indirect calorimetry (Vmax-Encore 29N). FGF21 was measured by ELISA. FGF21 was higher in PPGL than in controls (174.2 (283) pg/mL vs. 107.9 (116) pg/mL; p < 0.001) and comparable with obese (174.2 (283) pg/mL vs. 160.4 (180); p = NS). After tumor removal, FGF21 decreased (176.4 (284) pg/mL vs. 131.3 (225) pg/mL; p < 0.001). Higher levels of FGF21 were expressed, particularly in patients with diabetes. FGF21 positively correlated in PPGL with age (p = 0.005), BMI (p = 0.028), glycemia (p = 0.002), and glycated hemoglobin (p = 0.014). In conclusion, long-term catecholamine overproduction in PPGL leads to the elevation in serum FGF21, especially in patients with secondary diabetes. FGF21 levels were comparable between obese and PPGL patients, despite different anthropometric indices. We did not find a relationship between FGF21 and hypermetabolism in PPGL. Tumor removal led to the normalization of FGF21 and the other metabolic abnormalities.

scholarly journals Loyalty Programmes of Selective Grocery Retailers in the Czech Republic

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 617-625
Author(s):  
Petra Solarová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Target Groups ◽  
Similar Time ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Interesting Fact ◽  
Time Determination ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Relationship

This paper deals with long term loyalty programmes of selective grocery retailers who operate in the market within the Czech Republic. Only those loyalty programmes designed for the end customers are taken into account, so this study is concerned with the B2C area. A long term loyalty programmes last at least for one year, i.e. twelve months (this time determination is valid for purposes of this paper). The main aim of this paper is to identify the single elements and principles occurring in long term loyalty programmes and then to develop an illustrative model. The presented output is a model of long term loyalty programmes that captures the three following phases: the establishment, development (or building) and termination of the relationship. In addition, from the empirical research, an interesting fact has emerged: two of the analysed long term loyalty programmes were launched at a similar time. This could be explained through the tendency for companies to copy the successful activities insigated by their competitors. Furthermore, the next remarkable phenomenon is that one grocery chain runs two long term loyalty programmes at the same time and the target groups of these programmes overlap. A possible explanation could be that the chain is making efforts to interest as many as possible of its different customers.

scholarly journals Tourism and Poverty Reduction in Mexico: An ARDL Cointegration Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Garza-Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Structural Break ◽  
Household Consumption ◽  
International Tourism ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Correction Model ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Relationship

The objective of this paper was to investigate, with respect to the case of Mexico, the relationship between international tourism and the magnitude of poverty during the period of 1980–2017, through the use of an autoregressive distributed lags (ARDL) cointegration model with a structural break. The econometric results obtained in this paper indicate that there is a long-term relationship between international tourism and the reduction of poverty. It was found that for every 1% increase in international tourism, household consumption per capita increases 0.46% (and, therefore, poverty decreases). In the short term, it was found that a 1% increase in international tourism leads to a 0.11 % increase in household consumption per capita (a decrease in poverty). The coefficient of the error correction model indicates that 23.9% of any movement into disequilibrium is corrected within one year. To corroborate these results, a Toda–Yamamoto Granger causality test was carried out, indicating a unidirectional causality relationship from international tourism towards the reduction of poverty.

scholarly journals The Impact of a Time Gap on the Process of Building a Sustainable Relationship between Employee and Customer Satisfaction

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 7446
Author(s):  
Lukasz Skowron ◽  
Marcin Gąsior ◽  
Monika Sak-Skowron
Keyword(s):  
Customer Satisfaction ◽  
Customer Service ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Time Shift ◽  
Time Gap ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this paper is to describe the relationships between changes in employee indices (motivation and satisfaction) and customer indices (satisfaction and loyalty) in a single- and multi-term perspective. The article presents the results of primary research conducted in two industries (banking services and shopping centers) during three annual reference periods. The authors used the PLS-SEM method in the analytical process. The results of the research suggest that there is a strong relationship between changes in the areas of employee and customer satisfaction in the studied sectors, with a one-year time shift, which the authors called the “time gap”. In addition, it turned out that the strength of influence of the employee’s motivation level on customers is clearly lower than the strength of influence of the employee satisfaction. The occurrence of a “time gap” between employee and customer processes suggests that any changes introduced in the area of customer service as well as broadly understood human resource management policy need some time to become sustainable—to be noticed by the market and coded in the minds of the recipients of the offer as the new and currently applicable standard. The article makes a successful attempt at a long-term analysis of the relationship between employees and customers, assuming a time delay between both phenomena. As a result of the conducted research, it was possible to operationalize the discussed relationship in terms of strength and direction as well as the time shift.

scholarly journals Preprint of "Subjective Economic Inequality is Associated with Lower Well-Being through More Upward Comparison and Lower Trust"

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongfei Du ◽  
Peilian Chi ◽  
Ronnel B. King
Keyword(s):  
Economic Inequality ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Psychological Mechanisms ◽  
Multiple Covariates ◽  
Actual Degree ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Subjective Ses

Past studies on economic inequality and well-being have mostly relied on measures of objective inequality. However, individuals often misconstrue the actual degree of economic inequality, which might account for the ambiguity in the literature about the role that inequality plays in well-being. Instead of focusing on objective inequality, we propose a subjective-inequality approach by investigating the long-term association between subjective economic inequality and well-being, as well as the psychological mechanisms underlying the relationship between subjective inequality and well-being (N = 613). We found that subjective inequality predicted lower life satisfaction and higher depression one year later, which were accounted for by more upward socioeconomic comparison and lower trust. Furthermore, the negative association between subjective inequality and well-being remained the same, regardless of individuals’ objective socioeconomic status (SES), subjective SES, and mindset of SES. The effects of subjective inequality also remained robust after controlling for prior levels of well-being and multiple covariates. Our findings revealed that subjective inequality is detrimental to well-being and opens a new window into psychological research on economic inequality.

scholarly journals Pesticide Concentrations in Vacuum Dust from Farm Homes: Variation between Planting and Nonplanting Seasons

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijay Golla ◽  
Brian Curwin ◽  
Wayne Sanderson ◽  
Marcia Nishioka
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pesticide Contamination ◽  
Farm Families ◽  
Pesticide Exposures ◽  
Potential Sources ◽  
Exposure Levels ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Planting Season

The hazards of chronic low-level pesticide exposures inside homes have received little attention. Research to date does not provide answers regarding the long-term potential bioavailability of pesticides in homes and its risk factors. The purpose of this study was to investigate pesticide levels in Iowa homes during one year and assess the relationship between exposure levels and potential sources of pesticide contamination. The study involved sampling surveys of the target pesticide atrazine among 32 farm families in a three-county area of Iowa during the planting season (April–June) and nonplanting season (November-December). Dust samples were collected, and information gathered through questionnaires to evaluate pesticide migration inside homes. This study found that dust in every farm home surveyed was contaminated with atrazine during both seasons and these concentrations significantly decreased by the nonplanting season. Pesticide amounts, acreage, and spraying time determined the presence and persistence of this herbicide inside farm homes.

Patients' Own Contributions to Long-Term Supportive Psychotherapy in Schizophrenic Disorders

1994 ◽  
Vol 164 (S23) ◽  
pp. 84-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidsel Gilbert ◽  
Endre Ugelstad
Keyword(s):  
Catchment Area ◽  
Active Part ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Supportive Psychotherapy ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Relationship

The paper describes a study based on the Nordic multi-centre research project NIPS. In the Norwegian part, based on one-year screening and sampling of all new schizophrenic cases in a catchment area in Oslo, patients and therapists were interviewed after 2–3 years. Some patients seemed to have played a much more active part in establishing and breaking therapeutic contacts and in setting the terms for the relationship than is usually acknowledged. In the interviews at five-year follow-up, many patients produced viewpoints on their psychotherapeutic experiences that seem to be very important in relation to therapy.

Long-term Corrosion of Zircaloy-4 and Zircaloy-2 by Continuous Hydrogen Measurement under Repository Condition

2013 ◽  
Vol 1518 ◽  
pp. 173-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomofumi Sakuragi ◽  
Hideaki Miyakawa ◽  
Tsutomu Nishimura ◽  
Tsuyoshi Tateishi
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Hydrogen Generation ◽  
Tetragonal Zirconia ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Process Controls ◽  
Kinetics Of

ABSTRACTCorrosion behavior is a key issue for the waste disposal of irradiated metals, such as hulls and endpieces, and is considered to be a leaching source of radionuclides including C-14. However, little information about Zircaloy corrosion in anticorrosive conditions has been provided.In the present study, long-term corrosion tests of Zircaloy-4 and Zircaloy-2 were performed in assumed disposal conditions (dilute NaOH solution, pH 12.5, 303 K) by using the gas flow system for 1500 days. The corrosion rate, which was determined by measuring gaseous hydrogen and the hydrogen absorbed in Zircaloy, decreased with immersion time and was lower than the value of 2×10−2 μm/y used in performance assessment (1500-day values: 5.84×10−3 and 5.66×10−3 μm/y for Zircaloy-4, 1000-day values: 8.81×10−3 μm/y for Zircaloy-2). The difference in corrosion behavior between Zircaloy 4 and Zircaloy-2 was negligible. The average values of the hydrogen absorption ratios for Zircaloy-4 and Zircaloy-2 during corrosion were 91% and 94%, respectively.The hydrogen generation kinetics of both gas evolution and absorption into metal can be shown by a parabolic curve. This result indicates that the diffusion process controls the Zircaloy corrosion in the early corrosion stage of the present study, and that the thickness of the oxide film in this stage is limited to approximately 25 nm and may therefore be in the form of dense tetragonal zirconia.

scholarly journals Plankton variation in Río Cuarto Lake, Costa Rica (2013-2017)

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerardo Umaña Villalobos
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Tropical Lakes ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Keratella Cochlearis ◽  
Chlorella Sp ◽  
Term Basis ◽  
Maar Lake ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Relationship

Lake Rio Cuarto is a meromictic maar lake located in the low plains of northern Costa Rica. Its plankton composition has been studied several times since the decade of 1970. Yet most studies made short term surveys, and at least one study lasted for one year. Here we present data on phytoplankton and zooplankton composition from a four year study of the lake, from 2013 to 2017. Phytoplankton was studied from subsurface samples, preserved in Lugol’s solution and zooplankton from 20 m vertical hawls of a 64 um mesh net, and preserved with formaline and later transferred to 95% etanol. Phytoplankton composition included 54 taxa, most of them from the were Chlorophyta, followed by Cyanobacteria and Bacillariophyta. The most abundant were Synechococcus spp., Aphanocapsa sp. Coenochloris fotii, Chlorella sp. and Discostella stelligera. Total phytoplankton decreased from 2013 to 2017, mainly due to a decrease in Cyanobacteria. Zooplankton comprised 14 taxa, 5 cladocerans, 4 copepods, 1 diptera and 4 rotifers. The most abundant were Keratella cochlearis, Brachionus falcatus, Eubosmina tubicen and Arctodiaptomus dorsalis. There was a substitution of dominant species through time, at first (2013-2014) K. cochlearis and E. tubicen alternated in dominance, and later (2015-2016), A. dorsalis, Diaphanosoma sp. and Ceridaphnia sp. became dominant, with a return of K. cochlearis by 2017. The relationship between both components of the plankton is a complex result of the responses of individual species of both microalgae and zooplankton. However, most zooplankton taxa should be regarded as omnivores, so those relationships are not direct causal effects. The changes that occurred during the time of the study seem to be related to changes in the conditions of the lake, since its thermocline deepened with time and became more transparent. Those changes were not cyclical on an annual basis, but seemed to occur more on a long-term basis, as has been recognized earlier in the literature about tropical lakes.

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