Effects of Radiation-Induced Stress on the Chemical Durability of Nuclear Waste Glasses

1984 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abderrafi M. Ougouag ◽  
Albert J. Machiels
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Waste ◽  
Enhancement Factor ◽  
Chemical Durability ◽  
Dissolution Enhancement ◽  
Ion Tracks ◽  
Induced Stress ◽  
Doped Glasses ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Effects Of Radiation ◽  
Maximum Stresses

AbstractThe growth of stresses in irradiated glasses is modeled, and the resulting effects on chemical durability are evaluated. It is shown that in actinide-doped glasses, maximum stresses are small when compared to those that act on a plane parallel to the ion tracks of an implanted glass, at equivalent fluences. The theory also offers an explanation for the apparent change in the dissolution enhancement factor with fluence in ion-implantation experiments.

Oral Sequelae of Head and Neck Radiotherapy

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Vissink ◽  
J. Jansma ◽  
F.K.L. Spijkervet ◽  
F.R. Burlage ◽  
R.P. Coppes
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Radiation Caries ◽  
Temporomandibular Joints ◽  
Clinical Consequences ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Heavy Burden ◽  
Effects Of Radiation ◽  
Induced Changes

In addition to anti-tumor effects, ionizing radiation causes damage in normal tissues located in the radiation portals. Oral complications of radiotherapy in the head and neck region are the result of the deleterious effects of radiation on, e.g., salivary glands, oral mucosa, bone, dentition, masticatory musculature, and temporomandibular joints. The clinical consequences of radiotherapy include mucositis, hyposalivation, taste loss, osteoradionecrosis, radiation caries, and trismus. Mucositis and taste loss are reversible consequences that usually subside early post-irradiation, while hyposalivation is normally irreversible. Furthermore, the risk of developing radiation caries and osteoradionecrosis is a life-long threat. All these consequences form a heavy burden for the patients and have a tremendous impact on their quality of life during and after radiotherapy. In this review, the radiation-induced changes in healthy oral tissues and the resulting clinical consequences are discussed.

scholarly journals Radiation‐induced interface phenomena: Decoration of high‐energy density ion tracks

1989 ◽  
Vol 54 (16) ◽  
pp. 1513-1515 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Anders Ingemarsson ◽  
Bo U. R. Sundqvist ◽  
C. W. Nieh ◽  
Thomas A. Tombrello
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Ion Tracks ◽  
Interface Phenomena ◽  
Radiation Induced

HIPed Tailored Pyrochlore-Rich Glass-Ceramic Waste Forms for the Immobilization of Nuclear Waste

2008 ◽  
Vol 1124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melody Lyn Carter ◽  
Hui Li ◽  
Yingjie Zhang ◽  
Andrew L Gillen ◽  
Eric R Vance
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Waste ◽  
Glass Ceramic ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
Spectroscopic Characterization ◽  
Chemical Durability ◽  
Intermediate Level ◽  
Crystalline Phases ◽  
Waste Forms ◽  
Ceramic Samples

AbstractHot isostatically pressed (HIPed) glass-ceramics for the immobilization of uranium-rich intermediate-level wastes and Hanford K-basin sludges were designed. These were based on pyrochlore-structured Ca(1-x)U(1+y)Ti2O7 in glass, together with minor crystalline phases. Detailed microstructural, diffraction and spectroscopic characterization of selected glass-ceramic samples has been performed, and chemical durability is adequate, as measured by both MCC-1 and PCT-B leach tests.

A Study of Radiation Effects in Curium-Doped Gd2Ti2O7 (Pyrochlore) and CaZrTi2O7 (Zirconolite)

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.W. Wald ◽  
P. Offemann
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Damage ◽  
Nuclear Waste ◽  
Radiation Effects ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Primary Host ◽  
Waste Forms ◽  
Rare Earth Titanate ◽  
Effects Of Radiation ◽  
Similar Phase ◽  
Nuclear Waste Forms

Radiation effects studies in both glass and glass ceramic nuclear waste forms have identified a rare-earth titanate phase of the general formula (RE) 2Ti207 which is capable of acting as a host phase for actinides.1,2 Ringwood and co-workers3 have also proposed a structurally similar phase, zirconolite (CaZrTi2 07), as one of the primary host phases in the SYNROC waste form. Data from these and other previous studies, as well as mineralogical information available on these titanate phases, have not provided an unambiguous interpretation of the effects of radiation damage relative to nuclear waste forms. This paper reports new laboratory data concerning radiation damage effects in both of these phases.

The AIM2 and NLRP3 inflammasomes trigger IL-1–mediated antitumor effects during radiation

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (59) ◽  
pp. eabc6998
Author(s):  
Chuanhui Han ◽  
Victoria Godfrey ◽  
Zhida Liu ◽  
Yanfei Han ◽  
Longchao Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antitumor Immunity ◽  
Radiation Treatment ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Antitumor Effects ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Effects Of Radiation ◽  
Nlrp3 Inflammasomes ◽  
Priming Activity ◽  
Deficient Mice

The inflammasome promotes inflammation-associated diseases, including cancer, and contributes to the radiation-induced tissue damage. However, the role of inflammasome in radiation-induced antitumor effects is unclear. We observed that tumors transplanted in Casp1−/− mice were resistant to radiation treatment compared with tumors in wild-type (WT) mice. To map out which molecule in the inflammasome pathway contributed to this resistant, we investigated the antitumor effect of radiation in several inflammasome-deficient mice. Tumors grown in either Aim2−/− or Nlrp3−/− mice remained sensitive to radiation, like WT mice, whereas Aim2−/−Nlrp3−/− mice showed radioresistance. Mechanistically, extracellular vesicles (EVs) and EV-free supernatant derived from irradiated tumors activated both Aim2 and Nlrp3 inflammasomes in macrophages, leading to the production of interleukin-1β (IL-1β). IL-1β treatment helped overcome the radioresistance of tumors growing in Casp1−/− and Aim2−/−Nlrp3−/− mice. IL-1 signaling in dendritic cells (DCs) promoted radiation-induced antitumor immunity by enhancing the cross-priming activity of DCs. Overall, we demonstrated that radiation-induced activation of the AIM2 and NLRP3 inflammasomes coordinate to induce some of the antitumor effects of radiation by triggering IL-1 signaling in DCs, leading to their activation and cross-priming.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document