Stress Induced Extended Ranges for Hydration and Other Phenomena in Ion Implanted Silica Glasses

1996 ◽  
Vol 438 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Arnold ◽  
G. Battaglin
Keyword(s):  
Stress Corrosion ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Soda Lime ◽  
Fused Silica ◽  
Soda Lime Glass ◽  
Ambient Atmosphere ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Silica Glasses ◽  
Property Changes ◽  
Ion Implanted

AbstractThe extended ranges (2–3 times theoretical) for hydration from an ambient atmosphere or water immersion and other anomalous ranges for property changes in ion-implanted fused silica are explained on the basis of a stress corrosion model (Michalske-Bunker). The results for the hydration of implanted soda-lime glass are similar to fused silica with the added feature of compositional modification due to the near-surface removal of alkali.

Scanning tunneling microscope observations of the mirror region of silicate glass fracture surfaces

1994 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 476-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.M. Kulawansa ◽  
L.C. Jensen ◽  
S.C. Langford ◽  
J.T. Dickinson ◽  
Yoshihisa Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Scanning Tunneling Microscope ◽  
Soda Lime ◽  
Local Deformation ◽  
Fused Silica ◽  
Scanning Tunneling ◽  
Soda Lime Glass ◽  
Self Similarity ◽  
Tunneling Microscope ◽  
Fracture Surfaces ◽  
Mirror Region

We report scanning tunneling microscope images of gold-coated fracture surfaces of soda lime glass and fused silica in the mirror region. The scans show a variety of nanometer scale features that are attributed to fracture phenomena at this scale. We find considerable similarity to the structures observed in regions of extensive crack branching (e.g., “mist”). The density of these features increases as one progresses away from the crack origin toward the mirror-mist boundary. Comparisons are made between soda lime glass and fused silica, revealing differences in the local deformation behavior of these two materials. Self-similarity of the observed structures is probed by measurements of the fractal dimension, Df, of the surfaces created in soda lime glass near the mirror-mist boundary, where we observe 2.17 > Df > 2.40.

Photo-oxidatively self-cleaning transparent titanium dioxide films on soda lime glass: The deleterious effect of sodium contamination and its prevention

1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2759-2766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Paz ◽  
A. Heller
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Sodium Transport ◽  
Anatase Phase ◽  
Soda Lime ◽  
Fused Silica ◽  
Precursor Film ◽  
Soda Lime Glass ◽  
Blocking Layer ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Self Cleaning

In the context of photocatalytically self-cleaning windows and windshields, clear, abrasion resistant, thin (60 ± 10 nm) photocatalytic films of TiO2 were formed by a sol-gel process on (a) soda lime glass, (b) the proton-exchanged surface of soda lime glass, and (c) fused silica. The hypothesis that diffusion of sodium oxide from the soda lime glass into the titanium dioxide layer during the calcination step causes the lower photoefficiency in films on glass was tested and proven. At high concentration sodium prevented formation of the photoactive anatase phase and, at low concentration, introduced surface and bulk recombination centers. Sodium transport was efficiently blocked by a thin layer at the interface of proton-exchanged (“hydrogen”) glass and nascent TiO2, formed at 400 °C of a poly(titanyl acetylacetonate) TiO2 precursor. The sodium transport blocking layer did not form and the highly photocatalytic film was not obtained when the TiO2-precursor film was applied to glass that was not proton exchanged. Furthermore, only a much less effective sodium transport blocking layer was formed on glass that was proton-exchanged, but was calcined at 400 °C prior to application of the TiO2 precursor layer, showing that the sodium depleted glass surface, by itself, was a less effective barrier against sodium transport than the interfacial product of hydrogen glass and the TiO2 precursor.

Microscratch Analysis of The Adhesion Failure on Oxide Thin Films With Different Thickness

1996 ◽  
Vol 436 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Ottermann ◽  
K. Bange ◽  
A. Braband ◽  
H. Haefke ◽  
W. Gutmannsbauer
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Chemical Vapour ◽  
Soda Lime ◽  
Fused Silica ◽  
Soda Lime Glass ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Glass Substrates ◽  
Adhesion Failure ◽  
Different Thickness ◽  
Deposition Techniques

AbstractAdhesion failures of Ti2 and Ta2O5 thin films deposited by reactive evaporation (RE), reactive ion plating (IP) and plasma impulse chemical vapour deposition (PICVD) on fused silica, AF 45, TEMPAX and soda-lime glass substrates are investigated by means of a micro-scratch tester. The oxide films possess thickness between 60 and 500 nm and show different mass densities depending on the deposition conditions. Scratch testing exhibits well pronounced detachment for thicker films on hard substrates. The clearance of the scratch signal is reduced with decreasing layer thickness or for softer substrate materials. The test results are also influenced by the various substrates and different chemical and mechanical properties of the films due to the alternate deposition techniques.

scholarly journals Structure, physical and chemical properties of near-surface layers of optical materials modified by treatment in hydrogen plasma

2021 ◽  
pp. 12-39
Author(s):  
U. O. Salgaeva ◽  
◽  
A. B. Volyntsev ◽  
S. S. Mushinsky ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Materials ◽  
Hydrogen Plasma ◽  
Surface Region ◽  
Soda Lime ◽  
Plasma Modification ◽  
Soda Lime Glass ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
First Time

The present paper aims to investigate the structure and properties of the near-surface layers of optical materials modified by treatment in hydrogen plasma (H-plasma). For this the quartz and soda-lime glasses, lithium niobate (LN) as delivered and LN after proton exchange were used. The structure and properties of the near-surface layers of optical materials were investigated by IR spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, atomic force microscopy, mode spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and wet chemical etching. During the treatment in H-plasma the hydrogen penetrated into the near-surface layers and caused increasing the number of defects in the structure of materials. Changes of the shape and intensity of the absorption peaks of OH–-groups and the θ/2θ- curves recorded from the LN samples processed in H-plasma were inconsequent, probably due to the thin modified layer. For the first time, a huge volume “swelling” (above 10 %) of the near-surface layers of LN and soda-lime glass after the processing in H-plasma was revealed. Also for the first time, the formation of thin strained layers on the surface of the LN after treatment in H-plasma was shown; the density reduction of the near-surface layers of the LN modified in H-plasma was described; the features of blistering and flaking were found on the surface of LN and soda-lime glass after their treatment for a long time (120–150 min). For the first time, the multilayer structure of the near-surface region of the LN was detected after treatment in H-plasma. In this paper we proposed the model of changes the structure and properties of LN after the treatment in H-plasma. The model explains the experimental results obtained in this study and previously published studies of other research groups. Due to the high concentration in the near-surface layers of optical materials after the H-plasma treatment, hydrogen predominantly forms pores and bubbles. Presumably the compounds of the Li2O–Nb2O5 system with a low Li content formed in the near-surface region of LN after the treatment in H-plasma. Modification of near-surface layers of optical materials in hydrogen plasma could be used to form elements of integrated-optical circuits, particularly the diffraction gratings.

Electric field distribution and near-surface modifications in soda-lime glass submitted to a dc potential

1993 ◽  
Vol 159 (3) ◽  
pp. 204-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.M. Lepienski ◽  
J.A. Giacometti ◽  
G.F. Leal Ferreira ◽  
F.L. Freire ◽  
C.A. Achete
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Field Distribution ◽  
Electric Field Distribution ◽  
Surface Modifications ◽  
Soda Lime ◽  
Soda Lime Glass ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Dc Potential

scholarly journals Dynamic fracture of inorganic glasses by hard spherical and conical projectiles

2015 ◽  
Vol 373 (2038) ◽  
pp. 20140135 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Munawar Chaudhri
Keyword(s):  
Crack Growth ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Soda Lime ◽  
Fused Silica ◽  
Soda Lime Glass ◽  
Dynamic Crack ◽  
Inorganic Glasses ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hertzian Cone ◽  
Crack Bifurcation

In this article, high-speed photographic investigations of the dynamic crack initiation and propagation in several inorganic glasses by the impact of small spherical and conical projectiles are described. These were carried out at speeds of up to approximately 2×10 6 frames s −1 . The glasses were fused silica, ‘Pyrex’ (a borosilicate glass), soda lime and B 2 O 3 . The projectiles were 0.8–2 mm diameter spheres of steel, glass, sapphire and tungsten carbide, and their velocities were up to 340 m s −1 . In fused silica and Pyrex, spherical projectiles' impact produced Hertzian cone cracks travelling at terminal crack velocities, whereas in soda-lime glass fast splinter cracks were generated. No crack bifurcation was observed, which has been explained by the nature of the stress intensity factor of the particle-impact-generated cracks, which leads to a stable crack growth. Crack bifurcation was, however, observed in thermally tempered glass; this bifurcation has been explained by the tensile residual stress and the associated unstable crack growth. A new explanation has been proposed for the decrease of the included angle of the Hertzian cone cracks with increasing impact velocity. B 2 O 3 glass showed dynamic compaction and plasticity owing to impact with steel spheres. Other observations, such as total contact time, crack lengths and response to oblique impacts, have also been explained.

Nonisothermal Diffusion Measurements on Granular Solids: Noble Gas Diffusion in Fused Silica

1971 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 997-1004 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Abe ◽  
B. Rauch ◽  
W. W. Brandt
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Arrhenius Equation ◽  
Noble Gas ◽  
Soda Lime ◽  
Gas Diffusion ◽  
Fused Silica ◽  
Soda Lime Glass ◽  
Nonisothermal Diffusion

Abstract Samples of fused SiO2 and of a soda-lime glass were exposed to He, Ne, and Ar at temperatures between 523 and 763 °K, cooled to room temperature, transferred to a desorption cell, and then heated slowly and uniformly. The cell was connected to a mass spectrometer and the desorption rates were measured as a function of time. From the data, the parameters E and Do of the Arrhenius equation for the diffusion coefficient [D = D0exp(-E/RT)] were calculated. The results were found to agree rather well with literature data obtained on similar glasses using isothermal methods. Since the nonisothermal technique may be very useful for the study of granular materials and powders, the problems related to the presence of a grain size distribution and to the irregularities of grain shapes are treated in this study in some detail.

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