Investigation of The Elastic Modulus of Sol-Gel Derived Titania Using Three-Point Bending Tests

1996 ◽  
Vol 436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Å. K. Jämting ◽  
J. M. Bell ◽  
M. V. Swain
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Bending Tests ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Compositional Uniformity ◽  
Titania Films ◽  
Sol Gel Films ◽  
Film Porosity ◽  
Thickness Measurements

AbstractThere is increasing interest in the use of sol-gel derived films in tribological applications, and this necessitates an understanding of the mechanical properties of these films. Few investigations into the mechanical properties of sol-gel films have been undertaken, and in this study we have concentrated on measurement of the elastic modulus of sol-gel derived titania films as a preliminary stage in a full investigation of stress in sol-gel deposited thin films. Sol-gel films are often very thin and in order to understand the influence of the substrate on the measured elastic modulus, we have used a multiple coating technique to deposit titania films of increasing thickness on various substrates. A three point bending apparatus is used to measure the elastic modulus. The three-point bending apparatus has very low load and displacement measuring capabilities as is required for the very thin sol-gel films. Measurements of the compositional uniformity of the films have been performed using RBS, and this has been combined with film thickness measurements to determine the film porosity. This information ensures that the measured properties relate to intrinsic film properties. The results of all these measurements will be presented.

scholarly journals Mechanical properties of sol–gel derived SiO2 nanotubes

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 1808-1814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Polyakov ◽  
Mikk Antsov ◽  
Sergei Vlassov ◽  
Leonid M Dorogin ◽  
Mikk Vahtrus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Force Sensor ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Linear Elasticity Theory ◽  
Bending Tests ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Flexural Response ◽  
Young’S Moduli

The mechanical properties of thick-walled SiO2 nanotubes (NTs) prepared by a sol–gel method while using Ag nanowires (NWs) as templates were measured by using different methods. In situ scanning electron microscopy (SEM) cantilever beam bending tests were carried out by using a nanomanipulator equipped with a force sensor in order to investigate plasticity and flexural response of NTs. Nanoindentation and three point bending tests of NTs were performed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) under ambient conditions. Half-suspended and three-point bending tests were processed in the framework of linear elasticity theory. Finite element method simulations were used to extract Young’s modulus values from the nanoindentation data. Finally, the Young’s moduli of SiO2 NTs measured by different methods were compared and discussed.

Mechanical Properties of Composites with Geopolymer Matrices Reinforced by Basalt Fabric

2019 ◽  
Vol 889 ◽  
pp. 289-293
Author(s):  
Iva Petríková ◽  
Bohdana Marvalová ◽  
Jiří Lampa
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Bending Properties ◽  
Bending Tests ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Geopolymer Matrix ◽  
Weave Fabric ◽  
Static Tensile ◽  
Properties Of Composites

The tensile and bending properties of composite materials with geopolymer matrix reinforced by layers of basalt plain weave fabric were investigated experimentally. We present the results of the quasi-static tensile tests and the quasi-static and cyclic three-point bending tests. The composite panels were made by hand laying with subsequent vacuuming. The plates were stayed in a compression press and left in a compressed state for a month. After 5 months the samples were made from the plates and subjected to tests. The material behaves as linear almost to the failure, which occurred at tensions of about 100 MPa. The elastic modulus is between 6000 and 7000 MPa.

Mechanical properties of UV-photopolymerizable hybrid sol–gel films investigated by AFM in Pulsed Force Mode

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (2-4) ◽  
pp. 233-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Soppera ◽  
M. Feuillade ◽  
C. Croutxé-Barghorn ◽  
C. Carré
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Force Mode ◽  
Sol Gel Films

Preparation and Mechanical Properties of BiFeO3 Ceramics

2016 ◽  
Vol 697 ◽  
pp. 293-296
Author(s):  
Xiao Yang Zhang ◽  
Xi Wei Qi ◽  
Zhi Yuan Yang ◽  
Li Bao ◽  
Min Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Hydrothermal Method ◽  
Perovskite Phase ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Cold Isostatic Pressing ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Multiferroic Bifeo ◽  
Sol Gel Process

Hydrothermal method and sol-gel process were used to synthesize multiferroic BiFeO3 ceramics. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, vickers diamond indenter and three-point bending method were used to investigate the effects of methods on the phase structure, microstructures and mechanical properties. Cold isostatic pressing on the ceramics with two different loads (10 MPa, 200 MPa) was used to illustrate the influence of pressure in mechanical properties. The results show that all samples are crystallized in the perovskite phase. A few small traces of impurity are observed at a 2θ of ~28 o, which are found to be those of Bi2Fe4O9. The SEM images depict that samples prepared by sol-gel process are more uniform and the grain size is slightly larger than that of hydrothermal processed samples. The investigations on the hardness and flexural strength demonstrate the ceramics prepared by hydrothermal method have better mechanical properties than that of sol-gel process, and the mechanical properties can be obviously enhanced by increasing pressure.

scholarly journals Comparison of Mechanical Properties of Hemp-Fibre Biocomposites Fabricated with Biobased and Regular Epoxy Resins

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 5720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicente Colomer-Romero ◽  
Dante Rogiest ◽  
Juan Antonio García-Manrique ◽  
Jose Enrique Crespo
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Epoxy Resins ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Green Composites ◽  
Bending Tests ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Reinforced Plastics ◽  
Structural Applications ◽  
Glass Fibre Reinforced ◽  
Glass Fibre Reinforced Plastics

Bio- and green composites are mainly used in non-structural automotive elements like interior panels and vehicle underpanels. Currently, the use of biocomposites as a worthy alternative to glass fibre-reinforced plastics (GFRPs) in structural applications still needs to be fully evaluated. In the current study, the development of a suited biocomposites started with a thorough review of the available raw materials, including both reinforcement fibres and matrix materials. Based on its specific properties, hemp appeared to be a very suitable fibre. A similar analysis was conducted for the commercially available biobased matrix materials. Greenpoxy 55 (with a biocontent of 55%) and Super Sap 100 (with a biocontent of 37%) were selected and compared with a standard epoxy resin. Tensile and three-point bending tests were conducted to characterise the hemp-based biocomposite.

Fracture Toughness and Adhesion Energy of Sol-gel Coatings on Glass

2002 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 224-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaap Den Toonder ◽  
Jürgen Malzbender ◽  
Gijsbertus De With ◽  
Ruud Balkenende
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Adhesion Energy ◽  
Scratch Testing ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Quantitative Results ◽  
Coating Fracture

The reliability of coatings that are used in industrial applications critically depends on their mechanical properties. Nanoindentation and scratch testing are well-established techniques to measure some of these properties, namely the elastic modulus and hardness of coatings. In this paper, we investigate the possibility of also assessing the coating fracture toughness and the energy of adhesion between the coating and the substrate using indentation and scratch testing. Various existing and new methods are discussed, and they are illustrated by measurements on particle-filled sol-gel coatings on glass. All methods are based on the occurrence of cracking, and they are therefore only applicable to coating systems that act like brittle materials and exhibit cracking during indentation and scratching. The methods for determining the fracture toughness give comparable results, but the values still differ to within about 50%. The values of the adhesion energy obtained from different measurements are consistent, but it remains uncertain to which extent the obtained values are quantitatively correct. The results show that the methods used are promising, but more research is needed to obtain reliable quantitative results.

scholarly journals Influence of the Infill Orientation on the Properties of Zirconia Parts Produced by Fused Filament Fabrication

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 3158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santiago Cano ◽  
Tanja Lube ◽  
Philipp Huber ◽  
Alberto Gallego ◽  
Juan Alfonso Naranjo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Complex Geometries ◽  
Fused Filament Fabrication ◽  
Moisture Evaporation ◽  
Bending Tests ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Fill Pattern ◽  
The Many

The fused filament fabrication (FFF) of ceramics enables the additive manufacturing of components with complex geometries for many applications like tooling or prototyping. Nevertheless, due to the many factors involved in the process, it is difficult to separate the effect of the different parameters on the final properties of the FFF parts, which hinders the expansion of the technology. In this paper, the effect of the fill pattern used during FFF on the defects and the mechanical properties of zirconia components is evaluated. The zirconia-filled filaments were produced from scratch, characterized by different methods and used in the FFF of bending bars with infill orientations of 0°, ±45° and 90° with respect to the longest dimension of the specimens. Three-point bending tests were conducted on the specimens with the side in contact with the build platform under tensile loads. Next, the defects were identified with cuts in different sections. During the shaping by FFF, pores appeared inside the extruded roads due to binder degradation and or moisture evaporation. The changes in the fill pattern resulted in different types of porosity and defects in the first layer, with the latter leading to earlier fracture of the components. Due to these variations, the specimens with the 0° infill orientation had the lowest porosity and the highest bending strength, followed by the specimens with ±45° infill orientation and finally by those with 90° infill orientation.

Elastic modulus of single-crystal GaN nanowires

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 2882-2887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai Ni ◽  
Xiaodong Li ◽  
Guosheng Cheng ◽  
Robert Klie
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Vapor Deposition ◽  
Deformation Behavior ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Bending Tests ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Gan Nanowires ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Deposition Techniques

The deformation behavior of single-crystal GaN nanowires was studied by directly performing three-point bending tests on each individual nanowire in an atomic force microscope. The elastic modulus calculated from the load–displacement response of the nanowires was 43.9 ± 2.2 GPa. Single-crystal GaN nanowires investigated in this study were synthesized by chemical vapor deposition techniques based on the vapor–liquid–solid growth mechanism and had a diameter range from 60 to 110 nm. Crystalline GaN nanowires did not show obvious plastic deformation in bending and usually failed in a brittle manner.

Mechanical properties of several nickel-titanium alloy wires in three-point bending tests

1999 ◽  
Vol 115 (4) ◽  
pp. 390-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirokazu Nakano ◽  
Kazuro Satoh ◽  
Robert Norris ◽  
Tomoaki Jin ◽  
Tetsuya Kamegai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Nickel Titanium ◽  
Bending Tests ◽  
Three Point Bending

Preparation of a Bioactive Poly(ε-Caprolactone) Triol/Silica Composite

2006 ◽  
Vol 309-311 ◽  
pp. 481-484
Author(s):  
Sang Hoon Rhee ◽  
Yong Keun Lee ◽  
Bum Soon Lim
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Tetraethyl Orthosilicate ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Silica Composite ◽  
Dimensional Network ◽  
Heat Treated

Effect of poly(ε-caprolactone) structure on the mechanical properties and apatite-forming ability of poly(ε-caprolactone)/silica composite was investigated. Star-shaped poly(ε-caprolactone) was used in the experiment and it was end-capped with 3-isocyanopropyl triethoxysilane following the reaction with tetraethyl orthosilicate by sol-gel method. It was heat-treated at 150 oC for 24 hours and then tensile mechanical and dynamic viscoelastic testings were conducted, respectively. Its bioactivity was evaluated by the apatite forming ability in simulated body fluid at 36.5 oC. Its tensile strength was about 22 MPa while elastic modulus was about 2.6 GPa when the content of poly(ε-caprolactone) was 60 wt.%. The formation of apatite crystals on its surface was confirmed after 1 week of soaking in the SBF. The high elastic modulus of this composite was explained in terms of its 3-dimensional network structure.

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