Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-Ray Diffraction Analysis of Various Size Fractions of Fly Ash

1984 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Joshi ◽  
G. S. Natt ◽  
R. L. Day ◽  
D. D. Tilleman
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Hydrofluoric Acid ◽  
Particle Surface ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractX-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopic analyses have been performed on the various Western Canadial fly ash fractions and on mixtures of cement and fly ash fractions. The ash mineralogy of hydrated and unhydrated fly ash samples was examined by x-ray diffraction. Results from a study of the morphology of ash particles etched in dilute hydrofluoric acid are also included. Scanning electron microscopy indicates that most of the reactive portion of the ash is on the particle surface. Also, as the fly ash particle size increases, the amount of crystalline SiO2 increases but the quantity of calcium containing compounds decreases. Crys~alline SiO2 (the majority of which is present in the +75 μm fraction) does not take part in self-hardening reactions but does appear to take part in pozzolanic reactions.

Influence of Fly Ash on Corrosion Resistance of Refractory Forsterite-Spinel Ceramics

2021 ◽  
Vol 325 ◽  
pp. 181-187
Author(s):  
Martin Nguyen ◽  
Radomír Sokolář
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transition Zones ◽  
Refractory Ceramics ◽  
Scanning Electron

This article examines the influence of fly ash on corrosion resistance of refractory forsterite-spinel ceramics by molten iron as a corrosive medium. Fly ash in comparison with alumina were used as raw materials and sources of aluminium oxide for synthesis of forsterite-spinel refractory ceramics. Raw materials were milled, mixed in different ratios into two sets of mixtures and sintered at 1550°C for 2 hours. Samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis and thermal dilatometric analysis. Crucibles were then made from the fired ceramic mixtures and fired together with iron at its melting point of 1535°C for 5 hours. The corrosion resistance was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy on the transition zones between iron and ceramics. Mixtures with increased amount of spinel had higher corrosion resistance and mixtures with fly ash were comparable to mixtures with alumina in terms of corrosion resistance and refractory properties.

UTILIZATION OF FLY ASH AND CONCRETE RESIDUE IN THE PRODUCTION OF GEOPOLYMER BRICKS

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siriporn Sirikingkaew ◽  
Nuta Supakata
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Phase Composition ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

This study presents the development of geopolymer bricks synthetized from industrial waste, including fly ash mixed with concrete residue containing aluminosilicate compound. The above two ingredients are mixed according to five ratios: 100:0, 95:5, 90:10, 85:15, and 80:20. The mixture's physico-mechanical properties, in terms of water absorption and the compressive strength of the geopolymer bricks, are investigated according to the TIS 168-2546 standard. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses are used to investigate the microstructure and the elemental and phase composition of the brick specimens. The results indicate that the combination of fly ash and concrete residue represents a suitable approach to brick production, as required by the TIS 168–2546 standard.

Stability of Cs-Ionsiv in Portland cement blends for radioactive waste disposal

2010 ◽  
Vol 1265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Christian Hyatt ◽  
Andreas Jenni ◽  
Martin Christopher Stennett
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Radioactive Waste Disposal ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Leaching Experiments ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractThe suitability of Portland cement blends for encapsulation of Cs-Ionsiv in a monolithic wasteform was investigated. No evidence of reaction or dissolution of the Cs-Ionsiv in the cementitious environment was found by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. However, a small fraction (≤1.6 wt%) of the Cs inventory was released from the encapsulated Ionsiv during leaching experiments carried out on hydrated samples. Cs release was enhanced by exchange of K and Na present in the cementitious pore water. Cement systems lower in K and Na, such as slag based blends, showed lower Cs release than the fly ash based analogues.

scholarly journals Mineralogical, Microstructural and Compressive Strength Characterization of Fly Ash as Materials in Geopolymer Cement

Elkawnie ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cut Rahmawati ◽  
Sri Aprilia ◽  
Taufiq Saidi ◽  
Teuku Budi Aulia
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Bending Vibration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Geopolymer Cement ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract: This study was designed to examine the mineral, microstructural, and mechanical strength properties of fly ash and its feasibility as a raw material for geopolymer cement. The study used an experimental method by examining the characteristics of fly ash by X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometer (XRF), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), hydrometer method, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and compressive strength testing. For creating the geopolymer cement paste, a concentration of NaOH 10M was used, with a ratio of water/solid = 0.4 and a ratio of Na2SiO3/NaOH = 1 using curring at room temperature. The results showed the geopolymer pastes have a compressive strength of 18.1 MPa and 21.5 MPa after 7 days and 28 days. The XRD results showed a decrease in the peak of 2θ at 26.54° because the amorphous part had transformed into a C-S-H solution in geopolymer cement. This finding was supported by the FTIR spectra results showing Si-O-Si bending vibration and the functional group of AlO2. It showed that Nagan Raya fly ash-based geopolymer is a potential construction material.Abstrak: Penelitian ini dirancang untuk mendapatkan sifat mineral, mikrostruktural, dan kekuatan mekanis dari fly ash serta kesesuaiannya sebagai material dasar pada semen geopolimer. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimen dengan cara  menguji karakteristik dari fly ash dengan pengujian X-ray Fluorescense Spectrometer (XRF), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectoscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), hydrometer method, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) dan kuat tekan.  Untuk pembuatan pasta semen geopolimer digunakan konsentrasi NaOH 10 M, rasio water/solid 0,4 dan rasio Na2SiO3/NaOH = 1 dengan perawatan pada suhu kamar. Hasil menunjukkan setelah 7 hari pasta geopolimer memiliki kuat tekan 18,1 MPa dan 21,5 MPa pada 28 hari. Hasil XRD menunjukkan adanya penurunan puncak 2θ pada 26,54° ini disebabkan karena bagian amorf dari fly ash telah menjadi larutan C-S-H pada semen geopolimer. Hasil ini diperkuat dengan analisis FTIR spectra yang menunjukkan adanya Si-O-Si bending vibration dan gugus fungsi dari AlO2. Hasil menunjukkan fly ash dari Nagan Raya potensial sebagai bahan material konstruksi berbasis geopolimer.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN ABU SEKAM PADI TERHADAP STRUKTUR DAN SIFAT MEKANIK GEOPOLIMER BERBASIS FLY ASH

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
Wahyuni Wahyuni ◽  
Subaer Subaer ◽  
Nurhayati Nurhayati
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Scanning Electron

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang geopolimer berbasis fly ash dengan penambahan abu sekam padi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui struktur dan sifat mekanik geopolimer berbasis fly ash dengan penambahan abu sekam padi. Geopolimer berbasis fly ash dibuat dengan penambahan abu sekam padi 0%, 20% dan 40% menggunakan metode aktivasi alkali dan dipanaskan pada suhu 70℃ selama 2 jam. Struktur mikro dari sampel  diketahui dengan menggunakan teknik X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) dan menggunakan Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Gugus fungsi dari sampel diperoleh berdasarkan pengujian Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR). Sifat mekanik seperti Kuat tekan dari sampel diuji menggunakan Testing Mechine. Massa jenis, porositas dan kuat lentur dilakukan pengukuran terhadap sampel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan diperoleh fase trydimate yang tertinggi pada sampel Geo FA+ASP (60+40)%. Hasil karakterisasi Scanning Elektron Microscopy (SEM) menunjukkan material penyusun sampel telah berikatan dengan baik walaupun sebagian kecil pertikel fly ash dan abu sekam padi masih terlihat dengan jelas. Gugus fungsi pembentuk geopolimer diperoleh pada stretching Si-O-Si dengan nilai gelombang antara 478-461cm-1 dan 791-781cm-1. Massa jenis tertinggi diperoleh pada sampel dengan penambahan 40% abu sekam padi dan porositas tertinggi diperoleh pada sampel tanpa penambahan abu sekam padi. Kuat tekan yang terbesar diperoleh dari sampel geopolimer berbasis fly ash tanpa penambahan abu sekam padi sedangkan kuat lentur tertingi diperoleh dari sampel geopolimer berbasis fly ash dengan  penambahan abu sekam padi sebesar 40%.

scholarly journals Sintesis dan Karakterisasi Zeolit Hidroksi Sodalit dari Limbah Padat Abu Layang PLTU Batubara

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Amalia Ekaputri Hidayat ◽  
Setyo Sarwanto Moersidik ◽  
Sandyanto Adityosulindro
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Coal Fly Ash ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Particle Size Analyzer ◽  
Scanning Electron

Coal burning process in steam powered electric generator plants functioned to generate electricity energy. This process produce kinds of waste, such as solid waste, waste water, and emission. One of the solid waste produced in this process is fly ash. Fly ash is categorized as hazardous waste, it also can buildup in the landfill because of its massive production. However, fly ash has the potential as a raw material to produce synthetic zeolite because it contains metal oxide which is quite high. In this study, class F coal fly ash was synthesized by combining hydrothermal and fusion method. Synthesized fly ash and zeolite are characterized so that the chemical composition can be analyzed by X-ray Fluorescence; the mineralogy analyzed by X-ray Diffraction; the surface morphology analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy; and the particle size analyzed by Particle Size Analyzer. The synthesis of zeolite from coal fly ash in this study result hydroxy-sodalite zeolite type. In addition, this synthesis process increases the surface area of the previous fly ash. From the characteristics of zeolite from this synthesis it can be conclude that this zeolite can be approved as an adsorbent for the removal of liquid or gas pollutants in environmental technology applications with further research. ABSTRAKProses yang terjadi pada Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Uap untuk menghasilkan energi listrik adalah melalui unit proses pembakaran batubara. Proses ini akan menghasilkan limbah padat, cair, maupun udara. Salah satu limbah padat yang dihasilkan adalah abu layang. Limbah abu layang ini dikatagorikan limbah bahan berbahaya dan beracun, serta dapat terjadinya penumpukan di tempat penimbunan akhir karena produksinya yang sangat tinggi. Namun, abu layang memiliki potensi sebagai bahan baku dalam memproduksi zeolit sintetik karena kandungan oksida logamnya yang cukup tinggi. Pada penelitian ini, abu layang batu bara kelas F disintesis dengan metode gabungan fusi-hidrotermal. Abu layang dan zeolit yang disintesis dikarakterisasi agar dapat dianalisis komposisi kimianya dengan X-ray Flourescence; mineraloginya dengan X-ray Diffraction; morfologi permukaan dengan Scanning Electron Microscopy; serta distribusi partikel dengan Particle Size Analyzer. Proses sintesis zeolit dari abu layang batubara pada penelitian ini menghasilkan zeolit jenis hidroksi sodalit. Selain itu, proses sintesis ini meningkatkan luas permukaan dari abu layang sebelumnya. Dari karakteristik zeolit hasil sintesis ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa zeolit ini dapat berpotensi sebagai adsorben untuk penyisihan polutan cair maupun gas pada aplikasi teknologi lingkungan dengan penelitian lebih lanjut.Kata kunci : abu layang; zeolit; hidroxi-sodalit; sintesis; fusi-hidrotermal

scholarly journals Determination of mercury content in hard coal and fly ash using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy coupled with chemical analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 3927-3942 ◽  
Author(s):  
Przemysław Rompalski ◽  
Adam Smoliński ◽  
Hanna Krztoń ◽  
Jarosław Gazdowicz ◽  
Natalia Howaniec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Mercury Content ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

A Scanning Electron Microscopic Study of the Uriniferous Tubules

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 622-623
Author(s):  
Peter M. Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Renal Glomerulus ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Vascular Perfusion ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic Study ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic ◽  
Collecting Tubules ◽  
Bowman's Capsule ◽  
Scanning Electron

Although there have been a number of recent scanning electron microscopic reports on the renal glomerulus, the advantages of scanning electron microscopy have not yet been applied to a systematic study of the uriniferous tubules. In the present investigation, scanning electron microscopy was used to study the ultrastructural morphology of the proximal, distal, thin loop, and collecting tubules. Material for observation was taken from rat kidneys which were fixed by vascular perfusion, sectioned by either cutting or fracturing technigues, and critically point dried.The brush border characterising proximal tubules is first detected on the luminal surface of Bowman's capsule adjacent to the urinary pole orifice. In this region one frequently finds irregular microvilli characterized by broad and flattened bases with occasional bulbous structures protruding from their surfaces.

Identification of calcium oxalate crystals in dried or fixed tobacco leaf

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 288-289
Author(s):  
Vicki L. Baliga ◽  
Mary Ellen Counts
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Crystals ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

Calcium is an important element in the growth and development of plants and one form of calcium is calcium oxalate. Calcium oxalate has been found in leaf seed, stem material plant tissue culture, fungi and lichen using one or more of the following methods—polarized light microscopy (PLM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and x-ray diffraction.Two methods are presented here for qualitatively estimating calcium oxalate in dried or fixed tobacco (Nicotiana) leaf from different stalk positions using PLM. SEM, coupled with energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry (EDS), and powder x-ray diffraction were used to verify that the crystals observed in the dried leaf with PLM were calcium oxalate.

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