Polymers for Forming Drug-Loaded Microspheres: Natural Versus Synthetic

1995 ◽  
Vol 394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Curt Thies
Keyword(s):  
Drug Carrier ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Synthetic Polymers ◽  
Reference Standard ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
Chemical Derivatives ◽  
Carrier Materials ◽  
Biodegradable Particles ◽  
Derivatives Of

Numerous research groups currently are working to develop microcapsules, microspheres, and nanoparticles able to function as effective drug carriers. Much effort is focused on forming biodegradable particles from iactide-glycolide copolymers (PLGA)1−3. Although microparticles prepared from PLGA copolymers have had many successes, PLGA copolymers are not ideal drug carriers. Many other materials conceptually could be formed into suitable particulate drug carriers: synthetic polymers other than PLGA, natural polymers, chemical derivatives of natural polymers, selected inorganics, and nonpolymeric lipids. The purpose of this paper is not to discuss the advantages and limitations of each of these classes of carrier materials, but to contrast the features of PLGA copolymers with those of potentially competitive natural polymers. PLGA copolymers are used as the reference standard, because they are an approved family of biodegradable drug carrier polymers utilized by many research groups globally.

scholarly journals The Influence of the Hydrophobic Polymeric Coating on 5-ASA Release from the Bipolymeric Milibeads with Amidated Pectin

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 3924
Author(s):  
Dorota Wójcik-Pastuszka ◽  
Kinga Barczyszyn ◽  
Witold Musiał
Keyword(s):  
Polyacrylic Acid ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Synthetic Polymers ◽  
Polymeric Coating ◽  
Aminosalicylic Acid ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Polymeric Carriers ◽  
Ftir Spectrophotometry

The industrial polymeric carriers for peroral mesalazine application exploit, i.a., cellulose or polyacrylic acid derivatives, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and modified starch. Pectins, as natural polymers, are interesting materials in pharmaceutical applications due to properties such as non-toxicity, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. The aim of the study was the evaluation of the release of the drug from coated pectin beads doped with synthetic polymers as drug carriers to the colon, as well as interactions between ingredients. The drug release was carried out using basket apparatus. The amount of 5-ASA (5-aminosalicylic acid, mesalazine) released to the pH = 7.4 buffer with pectinase was measured at selected time intervals using UV-Vis spectroscopy. The zero-, first-, and second-order kinetics, as well as Higuchi, Korsmeyer–Peppas, and Hixon–Crowell equations, were used to analyze the release pattern. The interactions between beads components were investigated employing FTIR spectrophotometry and DSC study. The dissolution of the drug was divided into two parts. It was found that the release of 5-ASA followed mainly the Higuchi equation. The mass transport in the first stage of the release followed a non-Fickian model and the parameter n was in the range of 0.74 ± 0.2–0.99 ± 0.2. The formulation doped with PA (polyacrylic acid) was the most appropriate and capable of overcoming the variable conditions of the gastrointestinal tract.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Anchoring of Antineoplastic Ferrocene and Phthalocyanine Derivatives on Water-Soluble Polymeric Drug Carriers Derived from Lysine and Aspartic Acid

2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. David Maree ◽  
Eberhard W. Neuse ◽  
Elizabeth Erasmus ◽  
Jannie C. Swarts
Keyword(s):  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Drug Carrier ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Amide Bond ◽  
Drug Conjugates ◽  
Synthetic Strategy ◽  
Coupling Reagent ◽  
Polymeric Drug ◽  
Derivatives Of

The general synthetic strategy towards water-soluble biodegradable drug carriers and the properties that they must have are discussed. The syntheses of water-soluble biodegradable copolymers of lysine and aspartic acid as potential drug-delivering devices, having amine-functionalised side chains are then described. Covalent anchoring of carboxylic acid derivatives of the antineoplastic ferrocene and photodynamically active phthalocyanine moieties to the amine-containing drug carrier copolymers under mild coupling conditions has been achieved utilising the coupling reagent O-benzotriazolyl-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate to promote formation of the biodegradable amide bond. Even though the parent antineoplastic ferrocene and phthalocyanine derivatives are themselves insoluble in water at pH < 7, the new carrier-drug conjugates that were obtained are well water-soluble.

Stereocomplexation Assisted Assembly of Poly(γ-glutamic Acid)-graft-polylactide Nano-micelles and Their Efficacy as Anticancer Drug Carrier

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 302-311
Author(s):  
Shulin Dai ◽  
Yucheng Feng ◽  
Shuyi Li ◽  
Yuxiao Chen ◽  
Meiqing Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Drug Carrier ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Cancer Drug ◽  
Drug Release Profile ◽  
Sustained Drug Release ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Physical Interactions

Background: Micelles as drug carriers are characterized by their inherent instability due to the weak physical interactions that facilitate the self-assembly of amphiphilic block copolymers. As one of the strong physical interactions, the stereocomplexation between the equal molar of enantiomeric polylactides, i.e., the poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) and poly(D-lactide) (PDLA), may be harnessed to obtain micelles with enhanced stability and drug loading capacity and consequent sustained release. </P><P> Aims/Methods: In this paper, stereocomplexed micelles gama-PGA-g-PLA micelles) were fabricated from the stereocomplexation between poly(gama-glutamic acid)-graft-PLLA gama-PGA-g-PLA) and poly(gamaglutamic acid)-graft-PDLA gama-PGA-g-PLA). These stereocomplexed micelles exhibited a lower CMC than the corresponding enantiomeric micelles. Result: Furthermore, they showed higher drug loading content and drug loading efficiency in addition to more sustained drug release profile in vitro. In vivo imaging confirmed that the DiR-encapsulated stereocomplexed gama-PGA-g-PLA micelles can deliver anti-cancer drug to tumors with enhanced tissue penetration. Overall, gama-PGA-g-PLA micelles exhibited greater anti-cancer effects as compared with the free drug and the stereocomplexation may be a promising strategy for fabrication of anti-cancer drug carriers with significantly enhanced efficacy.

scholarly journals Chemical Derivatives of α-Chymotrypsinogen

1960 ◽  
Vol 235 (2) ◽  
pp. 396-404
Author(s):  
Djahanguir M. Abadi ◽  
Philip E. Wilcox
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Derivatives ◽  
Derivatives Of

scholarly journals Chemical Derivatives of α-Chymotrypsinogen

1961 ◽  
Vol 236 (5) ◽  
pp. 1328-1337
Author(s):  
Marilynn S. Doscher ◽  
Philip E. Wilcox
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Derivatives ◽  
Derivatives Of

scholarly journals Semi-Crystalline Copolymer Hydrogels as Smart Drug Carriers: In Vitro Thermo-Responsive Naproxen Release Study

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 158
Author(s):  
Snežana Ilić-Stojanović ◽  
Ljubiša Nikolić ◽  
Vesna Nikolić ◽  
Slobodan Petrović ◽  
Violeta Oro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Carrier ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Swelling Kinetic ◽  
Model Drug ◽  
Xrd Techniques ◽  
Responsive Hydrogels

In this study, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate) hydrogels were synthesized using free radical initiated copolymerization method. Four hydrogels with different cross-linker concentrations were prepared. Semi-crystalline, cross-linked copolymer networks were confirmed by FTIR, SEM and XRD analysis. Variation of swelling behaviour was monitored gravimetrically and thermo-responsiveness has been noticed. An application of synthesized thermo-responsive hydrogels as carriers for the modulated release of anti-inflammatory model drug was investigated. Moreover, naproxen loading into these hydrogels was also determined using FTIR, SEM and XRD techniques and release was analyzed using HPLC method at simulated physiological conditions. Swelling kinetic and mechanism of water transport, as well as diffusion of naproxen through the hydrogels were analyzed. Thus, the aim of this work was to study various compositions of obtained hydrogels and their possibility of application as a thermo-responsive carrier for prolonged naproxen release in order to evaluate as a potential candidate for drug carrier in future pharmaceutical applications.

Synthesis and characterization of fluorescent chitosan–ZnSe/ZnS nanoparticles for potential drug carriers

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (49) ◽  
pp. 38810-38817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeping Li ◽  
Jingbo Xu ◽  
Yun Xu ◽  
Liying Huang ◽  
Junli Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Drug Carrier ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Cancer Drug ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Potential Drug ◽  
Zns Nanoparticles ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Anti Cancer

The objective of the study is to describe a new approach of combining quantum dots into chitosan as an anti-cancer drug carrier.

Natural Polymers in Fast Dissolving Tablets

2021 ◽  
pp. 2859-2866
Author(s):  
Ratnaparkhi M.P. ◽  
Karnawat G.R. ◽  
Andhale R.S.
Keyword(s):  
Geriatric Patients ◽  
Nutritional Supplement ◽  
Synthetic Polymers ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
Disintegration Time ◽  
Water Soluble Drug ◽  
Poorly Water Soluble ◽  
Poorly Water Soluble Drug

Oral route is most preferable route of administration for various drugs, because it is convenient, economical, safest route. Fast dissolving tablets are popular nowadays, as they disintegrated in mouth within a few seconds without using water for swallow. Problems like Dysphagia in pediatric and geriatric patients have been overcome by formulating Fast dissolving tablet. Natural polymers are preferable because they are chemically inert, nontoxic, less expensive, biodegradable, and available easily than synthetic polymers. Natural polymers are obtained from the natural origin so they are devoid of any side effect. It is proved from the previous studies that Natural polymers are more-safe and effective than the synthetic polymers. Natural polymers improve the properties of tablet and they are used as binder, diluent, superdisintegrant, they also enhance the solubility of poorly water-soluble drug, decrease the disintegration time and provide nutritional supplement. The aim of the present article is to study various natural polymers used in fast dissolving tablets.

Advances in Oral Chitosan Based Nano Delivery System for colon Targeted Drug Delivery in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

2021 ◽  
pp. 3769-3774
Author(s):  
Ganesh Narayan Sharma ◽  
Ch. Praveen Kumar ◽  
Birendra Shrivastava ◽  
B. Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Oral Absorption ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Multiple Features ◽  
Delivery Vector ◽  
Macromolecular Drugs ◽  
Natural Polysaccharide ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Derivatives Of

Nanomaterials can be used as drug carriers with multiple features, including target delivery triggered by environmental, pH, thermal responses, enhanced biocompatibility, and the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. Chitosan (CS) is a natural polysaccharide largely obtained from marine crustaceans. It provides drug delivery vector for therapeutic CS and diagnostic CS, owing to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, low toxicity, and structural variability. Derivatives of CS such as quaternized CS, thiolated CS and carboxylated CS have enhanced its effectiveness in oral absorption of macromolecular drugs. This review discusses different forms of nanomaterials generated from CS and its derivatives for controlled drug delivery.

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