Polarized Neutron Glancing-Angle Diffraction Study of Magnetic Structure at the Y/Gd(0001) Interface

1994 ◽  
Vol 376 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.F. Ankner ◽  
P.D. Gallagher ◽  
A. Schreyer ◽  
H. Zhang ◽  
C.F. Majkrzak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bragg Peak ◽  
Magnetic Order ◽  
Magnetic Scattering ◽  
Exit Angle ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Grown Film ◽  
Layer Model ◽  
Glancing Angle ◽  
Two Layer Model ◽  
Laue Geometry

ABSTRACTBy exciting diffraction in the Laue geometry by specularly reflected beams, penetrating x-rays and neutrons can be used to probe surface and interfacial atomic structure. We present the first such measurement utilizing polarized neutrons with both incident- and exit-angle resolution. We have observed the evolution of magnetic order by monitoring the in-plane (1010) Bragg peak from an epitaxially grown film consisting of 150 Å Y(0001) on 5000 Å Gd(0001). Magnetic scattering increases as the film is cooled from the Gd bulk Curie temperature (293K) to 100 K. The gross features of the data can be captured by a simple two-layer model, but sufficient disagreement remains that one may yet hope to extract non-trivial structure at the Y/Gd interface.

Micro X-ray diffraction analysis of thin films using grazing-exit conditions

1998 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 902-904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Noma ◽  
Atsuo Iida
Keyword(s):  
Sample Surface ◽  
Exit Angle ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Surface Sensitivity ◽  
Refraction Effect ◽  
Glancing Angle ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Focused Beam

An X-ray diffraction technique using a hard X-ray microbeam for thin-film analysis has been developed. To optimize the spatial resolution and the surface sensitivity, the X-ray microbeam strikes the sample surface at a large glancing angle while the diffracted X-ray signal is detected with a small (grazing) exit angle. Kirkpatrick–Baez optics developed at the Photon Factory were used, in combination with a multilayer monochromator, for focusing X-rays. The focused beam size was about 10 × 10 µm. X-ray diffraction patterns of Pd, Pt and their layered structure were measured. Using a small exit angle, the signal-to-background ratio was improved due to a shallow escape depth. Under the grazing-exit condition, the refraction effect of diffracted X-rays was observed, indicating the possibility of surface sensitivity.

Coherent structures of nonlinear barotropic-baroclinic interaction in unequal depth two-layer model

2021 ◽  
Vol 408 ◽  
pp. 126347
Author(s):  
Jiaqi Zhang ◽  
Ruigang Zhang ◽  
Liangui Yang ◽  
Quansheng Liu ◽  
Liguo Chen
Keyword(s):  
Coherent Structures ◽  
Layer Model ◽  
Two Layer Model

Propagation and localization of Rossby waves over random topography (two-layer model)

Wave Motion ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.I. Klyatskin ◽  
N.V. Gryanik ◽  
D. Gurarie
Keyword(s):  
Rossby Waves ◽  
Layer Model ◽  
Two Layer Model

Permafrost mapping by audiofrequency magnetotellurics

1978 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 1539-1546 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Koziar ◽  
D. W. Strangway
Keyword(s):  
Mackenzie Delta ◽  
Conductive Layer ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Layer Model ◽  
Resistive Layer ◽  
Asymptotic Models ◽  
Two Layer Model ◽  
Electrical Methods ◽  
Permafrost Mapping ◽  
Lateral Variations

The audiofrequency magnetotelluric (AMT) method has been used to study permafrost thickness near Tuktoyaktuk, N.W.T. in the Mackenzie Delta. In the frequency range of 10 Hz–10 kHz the permafrost behaves as a simple resistive layer over a conductive layer. This simple two-layer model can be inverted by asymptotic models to give a unique value for the thickness of the highly resistive frozen layer. In areas of simple layering, these results correlate well with drilling. In areas of sharp lateral variations in resistivity, depths tend to be underestimated. Unlike other electrical methods, AMT is not hampered by the presence of a surface melt layer in the summer if the conductivity–thickness product of this 'active layer' is less than about 0.03 mho (0.03 S).

Module-based Active Equalization for Battery Packs: A Two-Layer Model Predictive Control Strategy

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Quan Ouyang ◽  
Youmin Zhang ◽  
Nourallah Ghaeminezhad ◽  
Jian Chen ◽  
Zhisheng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Model Predictive Control ◽  
Predictive Control ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Layer Model ◽  
Battery Packs ◽  
Two Layer Model
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