Lithium Intercalation from Aqueous Solutions

1994 ◽  
Vol 369 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Li ◽  
J. R. Dahn ◽  
J. H. Root
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Neutron Diffraction ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Electrochemical Cell ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Electrolyte Composition ◽  
Electrochemical Methods ◽  
Aqueous Electrolytes ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Lithium Ion Cells

AbstractLithium can be intercalated into a variety of materials using aqueous electrochemical methods, provided that certain criteria are met. The materials must be stable in concentrated Li+ aqueous solution and Li intercalation must take priority over hydrogen intercalation. We use X-ray and neutron diffraction, as well as electrochemical methods to investigate if lithium or hydrogen is intercalated into certain hosts. For example, spinel Li2Mn2O4 can be made from spinel LiMn204 by intercalating one Li per mole in an electrochemical cell with 1 M LiOH electrolyte. If the electrochemical reduction is carried out further, beyond one electron per mole, Mn(OH)2 is then formed, as we prove using neutron diffraction. By carefully selecting electrode materials and electrolyte composition it is possible to make rechargeable lithium-ion cells with aqueous electrolytes. For example, LiMn204/γ-Li0.36MnO2 can be selected as an electrode couple, and5 M LiNO3 in water as an electrolyte to make lithium-ion cells with aqueous electrolytes.

scholarly journals A novel electrochemical cell forin situneutron diffraction studies of electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries

2008 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 690-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Rosciano ◽  
Michael Holzapfel ◽  
Werner Scheifele ◽  
Petr Novák
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Diffraction ◽  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Electrochemical Cell ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Lithium Ions ◽  
Host Materials ◽  
Established Technique

Lithium-ion batteries are based on the principle of intercalation of lithium ions in host materials, both at the anode and at the cathode. These materials are in general crystalline and, during the operation of the battery, they undergo numerous phase transitions and structural rearrangements, often amplified by the presence of an applied potential difference. Whilein situX-ray diffraction is an established technique in this field,in situneutron diffraction is still in its pioneering stages and only a few attempts have been made to design an electrochemical cell suitable for these experiments. The technical development of such a device, along with a discussion of its serviceability to combine electrochemical measurements with neutron diffraction experiments, is hereby presented.

Effect of electrolyte composition on initial cycling and impedance characteristics of lithium-ion cells

2008 ◽  
Vol 180 (1) ◽  
pp. 612-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.P. Abraham ◽  
M.M. Furczon ◽  
S.-H. Kang ◽  
D.W. Dees ◽  
A.N. Jansen
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Electrolyte Composition ◽  
Lithium Ion Cells ◽  
Impedance Characteristics

scholarly journals Synthesis, Structures and Electrochemical Properties of Lithium 1,3,5-Benzenetricarboxylate Complexes

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei-Chi Cheng ◽  
Bing-Han Li ◽  
Feng-Shuen Tseng ◽  
Po-Ching Liang ◽  
Chia-Her Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Properties ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Crystal Transformation ◽  
Discharge Capacities

Four lithium coordination polymers, [Li3(BTC)(H2O)6] (1), [Li3(BTC)(H2O)5] (2), [Li3(BTC)(μ2-H2O)] (3), and [Li(H2BTC)(H2O)] (4) (H3BTC = 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylatic acid), have been synthesized and characterized. All the structures have been determined using single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. Complexes 1 and 2 have two-dimensional (2-D) sheets, whereas complex 3 has three-dimensional (3-D) frameworks and complex 4 has one-dimensional (1-D) tubular chains. The crystal-to-crystal transformation was observed in 1–3 upon removal of water molecules, which accompanied the changes in structures and ligand bridging modes. Furthermore, the electrochemical properties of complexes 3 and 4 have been studied to evaluate these compounds as electrode materials in lithium ion batteries with the discharge capacities of 120 and 257 mAhg−1 in the first thirty cycles, respectively.

Simulation of Electrolyte Composition Effects on High Energy Lithium-Ion Cells

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (13) ◽  
pp. 25-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Spotnitz ◽  
K. L. Gering ◽  
S. Hartridge ◽  
G. Damblanc
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Electrolyte Composition ◽  
Composition Effects ◽  
Lithium Ion Cells

scholarly journals A review of laser electrode processing for development and manufacturing of lithium-ion batteries

Nanophotonics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 549-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilhelm Pfleging
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Performance ◽  
Thick Film ◽  
Laser Annealing ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Active Surface Area ◽  
Lithium Ion Cells

AbstractLaser processes for cutting, annealing, structuring, and printing of battery materials have a great potential in order to minimize the fabrication costs and to increase the electrochemical performance and operational lifetime of lithium-ion cells. Hereby, a broad range of applications can be covered such as micro-batteries, mobile applications, electric vehicles, and stand-alone electric energy storage devices. Cost-efficient nanosecond (ns)-laser cutting of electrodes was one of the first laser technologies which were successfully transferred to industrial high-energy battery production. A defined thermal impact can be useful in electrode manufacturing which was demonstrated by laser annealing of thin-film electrodes for adjusting of battery active crystalline phases or by laser-based drying of composite thick-film electrodes for high-energy batteries. Ultrafast or ns-laser direct structuring or printing of electrode materials is a rather new technical approach in order to realize three-dimensional (3D) electrode architectures. Three-dimensional electrode configurations lead to a better electrochemical performance in comparison to conventional 2D one, due to an increased active surface area, reduced mechanical tensions during electrochemical cycling, and an overall reduced cell impedance. Furthermore, it was shown that for thick-film composite electrodes an increase of electrolyte wetting could be achieved by introducing 3D micro-/nano-structures. Laser structuring can turn electrodes into superwicking. This has a positive impact regarding an increased battery lifetime and a reliable battery production. Finally, laser processes can be up-scaled in order to transfer the 3D battery concept to high-energy and high-power lithium-ion cells.

Thermal structural stability of a multi-component olivine electrode for lithium ion batteries

CrystEngComm ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (39) ◽  
pp. 7463-7470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyu-Young Park ◽  
Hyungsub Kim ◽  
Seongsu Lee ◽  
Jongsoon Kim ◽  
Jihyun Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Neutron Diffraction ◽  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Structural Stability ◽  
Cathode Materials ◽  
Structural Evolution ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

In this paper, the structural evolution of Li(Mn1/3Fe1/3Co1/3)PO4, which is a promising multi-component olivine cathode materials, is investigated using combined in situ high-temperature X-ray diffraction and flux neutron diffraction analyses at various states of charge.

scholarly journals Electrode Materials: X-Ray Tomography of Porous, Transition Metal Oxide Based Lithium Ion Battery Electrodes (Adv. Energy Mater. 7/2013)

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. 825-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Ebner ◽  
Felix Geldmacher ◽  
Federica Marone ◽  
Marco Stampanoni ◽  
Vanessa Wood
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metal ◽  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Lithium Ion Battery ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Transition Metal Oxide ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Energy Mater

scholarly journals Comparison of lithium and sodium intercalation materials

2015 ◽  
Vol 80 (6) ◽  
pp. 801-804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milica Vujkovic
Keyword(s):  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Rechargeable Batteries ◽  
Specific Power ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
High Participation ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
Intensive Investigation ◽  
Intercalation Materials

Low abundance of lithium in Earth?s crust and its high participation in overall cost of lithium-ion batteries incited intensive investigation of sodium-ion batteries, in hope that they may become similar in basic characteristics: specific energy and specific power. Furthermore, over the last years the research has been focused on the replacement of organic electrolytes of Li- and Na-ion batteries, by aqueous electrolytes, in order to simplify the production and improve safety of use. In this lecture, some recent results on the selected intercalation materials are presented: layered structure vanadium oxides, olivine and nasicon phosphates, potentially usable in both Li and Na aqueous rechargeable batteries. After their characterization by X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy, the electrochemical behavior was studied by both cyclic voltammetry and hronopotenciometry. By comparing intercalation kinetics and coulombic capacity of these materials in LiNO3 and NaNO3 solutions, it was shown that the following ones: Na1.2V3O8, Na2V6O16/C , NaFePO4/C and NaTi2(PO4)3/C may be used as electrode materials in aqueous alkali-ion batteries.

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