Study of Processing Hllw by Super High Temperature Method. Part II*. Reducing Reactions and Formation of Complex Oxides in the Simplified Hllw

1994 ◽  
Vol 353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masayosi Uno ◽  
Youji Kadotani ◽  
Chie Miyake ◽  
Misato Horie
Keyword(s):  
Metal Oxides ◽  
Melting Temperature ◽  
Complex Oxides ◽  
Platinum Metal ◽  
Reducing Agents ◽  
Metallic Elements ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Zirconium Oxides ◽  
Temperature Method ◽  
Sublimation Point

AbstractThe reducing reactions of platinum metal oxides and the formation of the complex oxides were studied to estimate the process at high temperatures. Heat treatment of Re207 with TiN causes reduction up to the sublimation point of Re207 and exhibits the highest value of the recovery among the reducing agents used in the present study. Reducing reactions of the platinum metal oxides with the reducing agents lower the melting temperature. The simplified complex oxides contain the complex oxides of the representative elements of FP and the metallic elements of the reducing agents, which contribute to a decrease of melting temperature, neodymium zirconium oxides and neodymium barium oxide which may transform to the other phases during heating. Uranium may dissolve in the phases in which uranium is identified by EPMA but cannot detected by X-ray diffraction.

Tribological Behavior of Mesophase Carbon Added with Titanium and Copper

2011 ◽  
Vol 80-81 ◽  
pp. 60-63
Author(s):  
Xue Qing Yue ◽  
Hua Wang ◽  
Shu Ying Wang
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Ball Mill ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Applied Load ◽  
Tribological Behavior ◽  
Metallic Elements ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

Incorporation of metallic elements, titanium and copper, into carbonaceous mesophase (CM) was performed through mechanical alloying in a ball mill apparatus. The structures of the raw CM as well as the Ti/Cu-added CM were characterized by X-ray diffraction. The tribological behavior of the Ti/Cu-added CM used as lubricating additives was investigated by using a high temperature friction and wear tester. The results show that, compared with the raw CM, the Ti/Cu-added CM exhibits a drop in the crystallinity and a transition to the amorphous. The Ti/Cu-added CM used as lubricating additive displays an obvious high temperature anti-friction and wear resistance effect, and the lager the applied load, the lower the friction coefficient and the wear severity.

SHS Metallurgy of NiAl-Based Alloy

2016 ◽  
Vol 684 ◽  
pp. 353-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.I. Yukhvid ◽  
M.I. Alymov ◽  
Vladimir N. Sanin ◽  
D.E. Andreev
Keyword(s):  
Melting Point ◽  
Metal Oxides ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Reducing Agents ◽  
Nickel Aluminides ◽  
Shs Metallurgy ◽  
Cast Products

Highly caloric mixtures of metal oxides with reducing agents used in SHS metallurgy can burn at combustion temperatures well above the melting point of final products, which ensures formation of cast products. The data of basic research in the field allowed us to suggest methods for manufacturing new cast nickel aluminides based alloy.

Synthesis of Transition-Metal-Oxides Meso-Structured Thin Films

1998 ◽  
Vol 549 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.S. Zhou ◽  
I. Honma
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Transition Metal ◽  
Metal Oxides ◽  
Transition Metal Oxides ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Magnetic Interactions ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Structured Materials ◽  
Coating Method ◽  
Diffraction Patterns

AbstractHighly ordered self-assembly organized silica meso-structured architectures have attracted increasing attention because these materials provide a rich source for scientific research and technological applications. This approach to meso-structured materials has been extended to non-silica oxides, especially transition-metal-oxides which might promise applications involving electron transfer or magnetic interactions. We report the syntheses of transition-metal-oxides meso-structured thin films (MSTF), such as TiO2, V2O5, Fe2O3 and Nb2O5, using a surfactant templating processing with spin coating method. X-ray diffraction patterns of the films showed that the films generally oriented in a lamellar structure. The phase transferring in V205 MSTF was also investigated.

scholarly journals Oxide-Clay Mineral as Photoactive Material for Dye Discoloration

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 132
Author(s):  
Maicon O. Miranda ◽  
Bartolomeu Cruz Viana ◽  
Luzia Maria Honório ◽  
Pollyana Trigueiro ◽  
Maria Gardênnia Fonseca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Clay Mineral ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
High Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Zirconium Oxides ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Palygorskite Clay

Titanium and zirconium oxides (TiO2 and ZrO2, respectively) were obtained from alkoxides hydrolyses, and then deposited into palygorskite clay mineral (Pal) to obtain new materials for photocatalytic applications. The obtained materials were characterized by structural, morphological, and textural techniques. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results confirmed the characteristic peaks of oxides and clay transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the modified palygorskite with both oxides showed that the clay was successfully modified by the proposed method. The increase in the specific surface area of the clay occurred when TiO2 and ZrO2 were deposited on the surface. The photocatalytic activity of these materials was investigated using the Remazol Blue anion dye under UV light. The evaluated systems presented high photocatalytic activity, reaching approximately 98% of dye discoloration under light. Thus, TiO2–Pal and ZrO2–TiO2–Pal are promising clay mineral-based photocatalysts.

Preparation and Characterization of V-Type Amylose-Hexanol Complex

2011 ◽  
Vol 422 ◽  
pp. 641-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liu Zhi Yang ◽  
Xin Xin Xiao ◽  
Miao Miao Zheng ◽  
Yin Long Xu ◽  
Yan Qi Liu
Keyword(s):  
Melting Temperature ◽  
Particle Diameter ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Solvent Method ◽  
Aqueous Solvent ◽  
Alcohol Solvent ◽  
Alcohol Solvents ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this paper, B-type microcrystalline starch made a combination with hexanol in the case of water and alcohol as solvent respectively, V-type amylose-hexanol complexes were prepared. Obtained V-type amylose-hexanol complexes were characterized with scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimete. The results showed that using the preparation of water and alcohol solvents, obtained V-type amylose-hexanol complexes were hydrates and anhydrous crystal respectively. Hydrate crystal’s particles adhesion were serious, the particle diameter of anhydrous crystalline was 0.5~1μm, the crystallinity of both were above 70%. The V-type complexes prepared by aqueous solvent method and alcohol solvent method had almost the same melting temperature, the melting temperature of hydrates and anhydrous forms crystal were 70.7°C and 69.36°C.

scholarly journals Melting temperature versus crystallinity: new way for identification and analysis of multiple endotherms of poly(ethylene terephthalate)

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferenc Ronkay ◽  
Béla Molnár ◽  
Dóra Nagy ◽  
Györgyi Szarka ◽  
Béla Iván ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Melting Temperature ◽  
Crystallization Temperature ◽  
Ethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Primary Crystallization ◽  
Crystallization Time ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Poly Ethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Poly Ethylene ◽  
Peak Set

AbstractPoly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) materials with different molecular weights were isothermally crystallized from melt by systematically varying the temperature and duration of the treatment performed in the differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). Multiple endotherm peaks were observed on the subsequent heating thermograms that were separated from each other on the basis of their melting temperature versus crystallization temperature and melting temperature versus crystallinity function. By this new approach five sub-peak sets were identified and then comprehensively characterised. Wide-Angle X-Ray Diffraction (WAXD) analyses revealed that the identified sub-peak sets do not differ in crystalline forms. By analysing the crystallinity and the melting temperature of the sub-peak sets as a function of crystallization time, crystallization temperature and intrinsic viscosity, it was concluded that below the crystallization temperature of 460 K the sub-peak sets that were formed during primary or secondary crystallization transform partially or completely to a third sub-peak set during the heating run of the measurement, while above this temperature, the sub-peak set formed during primary crystallization gradually transforms to a more stable structure, with higher melting temperature. These formations and transformations are described with mathematically defined parameters as well.

Investigation of the Particle Size Effect on the Peritectic Melting of FeSn2 Particles in FeSn2-FeSn Nanocomposites

2006 ◽  
Vol 118 ◽  
pp. 651-654
Author(s):  
Young Soon Kwon ◽  
Pyuck Pa Choi ◽  
Ji Soon Kim ◽  
Dae Hwan Kwon ◽  
K.B. Gerasimov
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Size Effect ◽  
Melting Temperature ◽  
Local Heating ◽  
Particle Size Effect ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Incongruent Melting ◽  
Large Particle Size ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Peritectic Melting

The particle size effect on the peritectic melting of FeSn2 particles in FeSn-FeSn2 nanocomposites was studied using differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction. FeSn-10 wt.% FeSn2 compounds, mechanically milled for 30 min and slowly heated in a differential scanning calorimeter, showed incongruent melting at 680 K. Although FeSn2 grains grew from 10 to 40 nm upon heating before peritectic melting set in, the melting temperature was more than 100 K lower than the equilibrium value. A small latent heat during peritectic melting and a large amount of interfacial energy of FeSn-FeSn2 nanocomposites are held responsible for this large particle size effect. Grain growth is hardly possible in the case of rapid local heating during mechanical milling. Therefore, a decrease in the peritectic melting temperature is even expected to be substantially larger.

Effect of Ce2O3 and CaO/Al2O3 on the Phase, Melting Temperature and Viscosity of CaO-Al2O3-10 Mass% SiO2 Based Slags

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengchuan Wu ◽  
Guoguang Cheng ◽  
Hu Long
Keyword(s):  
Melting Temperature ◽  
Slag Composition ◽  
Slag System ◽  
Refining Process ◽  
Phase Identification ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Green Color ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Point Detector ◽  
O Phase

AbstractThe melting temperature and viscosity of CaO-Al2O3-10 mass% SiO2 based slag system with various concentrations of Ce2O3 have been studied using the melting point detector and the rotating crucible viscometer. And X-ray diffraction analysis has been used for phase identification. The results show that cerium is stable in Ce3+ state existing mainly as CeAlO3 and Ce4.67(SiO4)3O phase in slags and CeAlO3 phase appears in green color. The melting temperature gently decreases with Ce2O3 additions in 1.57 of CaO/Al2O3. Moreover, the melting temperature increases first and then decreases with the increasing of CaO/Al2O3 from 1.17 to 1.52 at 4.47 mass% Ce2O3. In addition, at 1.57 of CaO/Al2O3, the viscosity increases at the beginning and then decreases with the increasing Ce2O3 content from 4.39 to 11.48 mass%. Furthermore, at 4.47 mass% Ce2O3, the viscosity decreases at the first and then increases with the increasing CaO/Al2O3 from 1.17 to 1.52. Meanwhile, from the slopes of the Arrhenius relationship for viscosity, the activation energy range of viscous flow is from 179.07 to 433.70 kJ/mol. On the basis of these results, slag composition of 45.64 mass% CaO-39.02 mass% Al2O3-10.73 mass% SiO2-3.83 mass% Ce2O3 is melting temperature of 1361 °C and viscosity of 0.398 Pa·s (1500 °C), which has superiority and is more suitable for the actual refining process.

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