Non-Invasive Measurement of Subcutaneous Fat Thickness in Beef Cattle

1994 ◽  
Vol 347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard S. Taylor ◽  
Nelson L. Buck
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Center Frequency ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Layer Sample ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat Thickness ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Invasive Measurement

ABSTRACTThe object of this project was the evaluation of microwaves as a non-invasive tool for determining the thicknesses of the fat layers directly beneath the hides of beef cattle. The motive for the project is the elimination of the cost of feeding cattle beyond the point at which the muscle is optimally marbled. The nature of the animals and the conditions for operation require a simple, rugged, non-invasive system. Modified open-ended microwave S-band coaxial cavities were applied as contact radiators to the surface of a three-layer sample composed of lean meat and fat tissue, which simulated the configuration of hide, fat and muscle on the outside of an animal. The lean and fat layers loaded the cavity, affecting the resonance frequency, bandwidth, and center-frequency reflection coefficient. Measurements were made with a network analyzer. An exact analysis of the microwave circuit has not been possible, but the in vitro laboratory tests show that a system based on this device can be used to measure subcutaneous fat layer thicknesses up to 16 mm beneath hides up to 16 mm thick.

Sources of variation influencing the use of real-time ultrasound to predict intramuscular fat in live beef cattle

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Chambaz ◽  
P. -A. Dufey ◽  
M. Kreuzer ◽  
J. Gresham
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Intramuscular Fat ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Breed Group ◽  
Sources Of Variation ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat Thickness ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Best Fit ◽  
Scanning Session

A total of 123 steers of six European breeds (Angus, Simmental, Charolais, Limousin, Blonde d'Aquitaine, Piedmontese) were used (i) to evaluate the precision of the ultrasound-predicted intramuscular fat (USIMF) and its sources of variation using the current Pie QUIP technology and (ii) to develop improved models for predicting USIMF. Steers were slaughtered when they reached the target value of 3.5% USIMF. Hide samples were obtained 3 d before slaughter by shot-biopsy. After slaughter, a sample of the longissimus muscle was used to determine actual chemical intramuscular fat (EEIMF), collagen content and solubility. Among the variables available during a chute-side scanning session, hide thickness and ultrasound subcutaneous fat thickness at the 12th and 13th ribs were shown to be significantly correlated with EEIMF. These two variables were selected as possible independent variables to evaluate the construction of new models. The model with the best fit included USIMF, hide thickness and liveweight and had a standard error of prediction of 0.96%, which is similar to other published technologies. Breed group and collagen-related traits did not influence USIMF estimation. Finally, the revised Pie QUIP technology should be considered as one technology of choice to predict EEIMFcontent in live animals. Key words: Beef, cattle, ultrasound, intramuscular fat, hide thickness, collagen

scholarly journals Performance of finishing beef cattle fed different diets containing whole-crop maize silage or sugarcane silage

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 682-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliano Roman ◽  
Clóves Cabreira Jobim ◽  
Flávio Dutra de Resende ◽  
Gustavo Rezende Siqueira ◽  
Marcelo Henrique de Faria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat Thickness ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Finishing Beef Cattle ◽  
Daily Gain

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the performance of beef cattle in feedlots fed diets containing either whole-crop maize silage or sugarcane silage, and with different formulations. Five diets were evaluated: MSF - diet containing whole-crop maize silage, with fixed formulation during feedlot period; MSV- diet containing whole-crop maize silage, with variable formulation according to feedlot phase; SCSF - diet containing sugarcane silage with fixed formulation; SCSV- diet containing sugarcane silage, with variable formulation; SCSV/MSV- SCSV diet in initial half of fedlot and MSV diet in final half of feedlot period, respectively. It was used a complete random experimental design, with five treatments and three replicates (pens). It was used 285 steers at 36 months of age, with an initial body weight of 362.4 kg. Diets with whole-crop maize silage promoted greater intake of dry matter (10.5 kg and 2.4% BW) compared with diets containing sugarcane silage (10.1 kg and 2.3% BW). There was no effect of the silages on average daily gain (1.348 kg/animal/day) and live weight at slaughter (481.2 kg BW). SCSV/MSV diet promoted the worst feed conversion (8.0 kg DM/kg BW). Animals fed diets composed of whole-crop maize silage presented greater weight of hot carcass, of carcass yield and subcutaneous fat thickness (262.1 kg, 54.1% and 6.2 mm) compared with the animals fed sugarcane silage (252.5 kg, 52.7% and 4.8 mm). The use of sugarcane silage in diets for finishing beef cattle is feasible and the adjustment of formulation during confinement period does not influence performance of the animals. Replacement of sugarcane silage by whole-crop maize silage during the feeding period affects negatively feed conversion.

Comparison of methods to evaluate the chemical composition of carcass from beef cattle

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (s1) ◽  
pp. s22-s27 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Al-Jammas ◽  
J. Agabriel ◽  
J. Vernet ◽  
I. Ortigues-Marty
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Comparison Of Methods ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat Thickness ◽  
Fat Thickness

In cattle, the chemical composition of the carcass is usually evaluated from one of three reference methods (rib dissection, specific gravity or a combination of easily obtained measures) or is estimated from proxy traits (USDA yield grade (YG), subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT)). Objectives were to evaluate if the relationships between the chemical composition of the carcass and each of the proxy traits (YG, SFT) differed depending on the reference method. The study was conducted by meta-analysis from published results using 25 publications that reported carcass composition and proxy traits (53%, 31% and 16% of the data were based on rib dissection, specific gravity and combination of easily obtained measures, respectively). Results showed that the amounts of carcass fat or protein that can be predicted from a given proxy trait (YG or SFT) differ significantly with the reference method used to determine carcass fat or protein.

Correlates of visceral and subcutaneous fat thickness in non-diabetic obese and morbidly obese patients

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ozen Oz Gul ◽  
Murat Pekgoz ◽  
Sumeyye Gullulu ◽  
Soner Cander ◽  
Ahmet Tutuncu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat Thickness ◽  
Fat Thickness

The Use of Ultrasonic Measurements on Subcutaneous Fat Thickness in Breeding of Japanese Shorthorn Cattle

1988 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 335-343
Author(s):  
Yoshitaka NAGAMINE ◽  
Takashi HAYASHI ◽  
Hiroshi SATO ◽  
Akira NISHIDA ◽  
Shigeki KOMATSU
Keyword(s):  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Ultrasonic Measurements ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat Thickness ◽  
Fat Thickness

scholarly journals Design and Analysis of a Continuous and Non-Invasive Multi-Wavelength Optical Sensor for Measurement of Dermal Water Content

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 2162
Author(s):  
Mohammad Mamouei ◽  
Subhasri Chatterjee ◽  
Meysam Razban ◽  
Meha Qassem ◽  
Panayiotis A. Kyriacou
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Optical Sensor ◽  
Broad Band ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Skin Damage ◽  
Biophysical Parameter ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Multi Wavelength ◽  
Invasive Measurement

Dermal water content is an important biophysical parameter in preserving skin integrity and preventing skin damage. Traditional electrical-based and open-chamber evaporimeters have several well-known limitations. In particular, such devices are costly, sizeable, and only provide arbitrary outputs. They also do not permit continuous and non-invasive monitoring of dermal water content, which can be beneficial for various consumer, clinical, and cosmetic purposes. We report here on the design and development of a digital multi-wavelength optical sensor that performs continuous and non-invasive measurement of dermal water content. In silico investigation on porcine skin was carried out using the Monte Carlo modeling strategy to evaluate the feasibility and characterize the sensor. Subsequently, an in vitro experiment was carried out to evaluate the performance of the sensor and benchmark its accuracy against a high-end, broad band spectrophotometer. Reference measurements were made against gravimetric analysis. The results demonstrate that the developed sensor can deliver accurate, continuous, and non-invasive measurement of skin hydration through measurement of dermal water content. Remarkably, the novel design of the sensor exceeded the performance of the high-end spectrophotometer due to the important denoising effects of temporal averaging. The authors believe, in addition to wellbeing and skin health monitoring, the designed sensor can particularly facilitate disease management in patients presenting diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, malnutrition, and atopic dermatitis.

Subcutaneous fat thickness at slaughter in castrated and non-castrated Santa Inês and Dorper lambs and its influence on meat and carcass quality

2021 ◽  
pp. 104694
Author(s):  
Francisco Fernandes Junior ◽  
Amanda de Freitas Pena ◽  
Fernando Augusto Grandis ◽  
Natalia Albieri Koritiaki ◽  
Fabíola Cristine de Almeida Rego ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat Thickness ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Santa Inês
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